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Analisis Struktur Perkerasan Multi-Layer Menggunakan Program Komputer ELMOD Studi Kasus: Jalan Tol Jakarta - Cikampek Subagio, Bambang Sugeng; Karsaman, Rudy Hermawan; Nurwaida, Ika Wahyu
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 10, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstrak. Metoda analitis dalam perencanaan tebal overlay mempunyai beberapa keuntungan yaitu dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis berbagai variasi pembebanan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih pasti dan akurat, dan lainnya. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur perkerasan jalan tol Jakarta-Cikampek, untuk periode analisis tahun 1990-1999, dan enghitung umur sisa serta tebal overlay yang diperlukan, berdasarkan data lendutan memakai alat Falling Weight Deflectometer dan dianalisis memakai program komputer ELMOD, kemudian hasilnya dibandingkan dengan metoda empiris perhitungan tebal overlay yaitu metoda Bina Marga. Metoda Overlay Bina Marga memberikan hasil untuk arah Jakarta-Cikampek terdapat 8 titik kritis dengan mur sisa kurang dari 1 tahun dan tebal overlay yang diperlukan 7,0 cm. Untuk arah Cikampek-Jakarta tidak terdapat titik kritis, umur sisa titik-titik pengukuran tersebut adalah lebih besar dari 10 tahun dan tebal overlay yang diperlukan adalah 3,0 cm. Hasil yang diperoleh dari program ELMOD untuk arah Jakarta-Cikampek terdapat 2 titik kritis yang tidak mempunyai umur sisa dan 1 titik kritis yang mempunyai umur sisa 1 tahun, tebal overlay yang diperlukan adalah 7,2 cm. Untuk arah Cikampek-Jakarta, tidak terdapat titik kritis dan umur sisa dari titik-titik tersebut adalah lebih dari 20 tahun sehingga tidak membutuhkan overlay.Abstract. An analytical method of overlay design has some advantages such as to take into account the variation of loading types which will give more exact and accurate results. The purpose of this research is to analyze the pavement structure of Jakarta-Cikampek toll road,for analysis period between 1990-1999 and to calculate the residual life and overlay thickness required, based on the deflection data using FWD equipment and analyzed by ELMOD computer program.The results then were compared with the empirical method i.e. Bina Marga method. The result of Bina Marga method show that for Jakarta-Cikampek direction there were eight critical points which have residual life less than one year and 7,0 cm overlay thickness required. For Cikampek-Jakarta direction, there was no critical point, their residual life was more than 10 years, and overlay thickness required is 3,0 cm. The ELMOD program gives the result for Jakarta-Cikampek direction that there are two critical points which have zero residual life and one critical point which has residual life less than one year, the overlay thickness required was 7,2 cm. For Cikampek-Jakarta direction, there was no critical point, the residual life was more than 20 years and no overlay required.

Audit Keselamatan Jalan Tol di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Jalan Tol Cikampek - Padalarang/Cipularang) Karsaman, Rudy Hermawan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 14, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstrak. Dalam upaya meningkatkan keselamatan para pengguna jalan, khususnya jalan tol, Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol (BPJT) telah melaksanakan Audit Keselamatan Jalan (Road Safety Audit) di Jalan Tol Cikampek-Padalarang (Cipularang). Aspek yang diperiksa meliputi aspek geometrik jalan, manajemen lalu lintas serta geoteknik dan struktur. Sebagai hasilnya, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa dari segi geometrik, secara umum jalan sudah dirancang sesuai dengan ketentuan, namun demikian ada bagian-bagian yang masih memerlukan penyempurnaan. Selain itu, didapat fakta bahwa pengemudi banyak yang menjalankan kendaraan melebihi batasan kecepatan, sehingga menimbulkan bahaya. Dalam segi manajemen lalu lintas, rambu dan marka yang ada masih kurang memadai dan perlu ditambah serta diperjelas, demikian pula terdapat beberapa fasilitas lain yang perlu disempurnakan seperti pagar pelindung, median barrier dan pengamanan obyek yang berbahaya, seperti tiang lampu penerangan jalan. Dalam aspek geoteknik dan struktur, di identifikasi adanya daerahdaerah yang kritis dan rawan longsor, sehingga perlu ditangani dan dimonitor terus. Sementara itu, nilai ketidak rataan perkerasan masih di atas Standar Pelayanan Minimum, sedangkan nilai kekesatan permukaan jalan sudah memenuhi. Di samping itu, keretakan pada struktur jembatan akibat susut masih dianggap wajar dan tidak membahayakan, namun perlu ditutup dengan epoxy resin agar tidak terjadi korosi pada tulangan yang bisa membahayakan. Rekomendasi penanganan yang diberikan dapat dilaksanakan dalam jangka pendek,menengah dan panjangAbstract. In pursue of better road user safety on toll road, the Indonesian Toll Road Regulatory Body (Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol BPJT) has initiated a Road Safety Audit of the Cikampek-Padalarang (Cipularang) Toll Road. The audit was extended to comprise road geometry, traffic management, geotechnics and structures, and this activity is a recent development in road safety. The results of the audit show that concerning road geometry the toll road has been properly designed; however, some parts can still be improved. The fact that most drivers tend to seriously violet the posted limits is an accident risk, and has given a false impression of inferior road geometry. Concerning traffic management, the existing signing and markings can be increased and made clearer; someroad furniture like guard rails and median barriers can be improved, and hazardous objects like poles and pots need to be protected. Concerning geotechnics and structures, results show some potential sliding areas with a low safety factor, that need to be strengthened and monitored continuously. The skid resistance of the pavement surface is adequate, but the, roughness index is too high when compared to available Minimum Service Standards. Cracks on bridge structures caused by shrinkage are within normal limits, and are suggested to be sealed by an epoxy resin to avoid potential corrosion of the steel reinforcement which could be hazardous. All recommendations of the audit are grouped as needing short, medium and long term attention by the toll road operator.

Kaji Ulang Penentuan Tarif dan Sistem Penggolongan Kendaraan Jalan Tol di Indonesia Karsaman, Rudy Hermawan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 16, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstrak. Salah satu parameter investasi jalan tol adalah terkait dengan besarnya tarif tol yang akan dikenakan. Banyak metoda yang bisa digunakan sebagai pendekatan penentuan tarif tersebut, e.g Metoda Besar Keuntungan Biaya Operasi Kendaraan (BKBOK), Kemauan Membayar (Willingness To Pay atau WTP) ataupun juga Kemampuan Membayar (Ability To Pay atau ATP) dll. Sejalan dengan perubahan-perubahan kondisi yang terjadi, besaran tarif yang diperoleh dari metoda-metoda tsb seyogyanya dicek dan dievaluasi secara berkala. Hal ini juga sekaligus dikaitkan dengan aspek penggolongan tarif menurut klasifikasi kendaraan dan pengaruhnya terhadap pergerakan dan ruang yang diperlukan, maupun terhadap kerusakan yang ditimbulkan pada perkerasan. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu kajian untuk meninjau kesesuaian tarif dan penggolongan tersebut pada kondisi saat ini. Tulisan ini mengulas cara penetapan tarif dan penggolongan tersebut berikut usulan-usulan yang diajukan berbagai pihak. Akhirnya keputusan pemerintah dan rekomendasi tindak lanjut diberikan pada akhir tulisan. Abstract. One of the toll investment parameters is related to the tariff applied. Many methods could be used to calculate that tariff, e.g Vehicle Operating Cost and Time Saving, Willingness To Pay or WTP and Ability To Pay or ATP etc. In accordance with the latest condition, the tariff determined from those methods should be checked and evaluated regularly. This should be also related to vehicle classification aspects and their impact on space required and damaging effect to pavement. Therefore, it is required to study the suitability of tariff determination in existing condition. This paper discusses the tariff and vehicle classification including the suggestion proposed by some parties. The government final decision and recommendation are given at the end of this paper.

Risiko Investasi dalam Pembangunan Jalan Tol di Indonesia Karsaman, Rudy Hermawan
Journal of Regional and City Planning Vol 18, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Center for Research and Community Services ITB

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In accordance with an effort to increase economic development for the welfare of the society, the government of Republic of Indonesia plan to develop infrastructures, including toll road, in a big scale. On the contrary to the high investment potential, there are some risks arise and have to be faced by government and investors. These risks has to be taken into account in investment cal culation as a whole and managed very well since the beginning so that it can be anticipated as early as possible. Risk management is a well and systematic approach to manage these risk, started from risk identification and responses. In toll business, t here are so many risk have to be faced in every stage, from planning, construction until operation and maintenance stages, with the magnitude of very small to very big and probability occurrence from very rare to always happen. In this case, attitude toward this risk are accept, mitigate, transfer to other party, or avoid at all. Regional/Local government could participate in toll road development, either as part of regulator or investor, this might slightly change risk implication.

Krisis Perencanaan Transportasi Kota Lubis, Harun al-Rasyid S; Karsaman, Rudy Hermawan
Journal of Regional and City Planning Vol 8, No 3 (1997)
Publisher : Center for Research and Community Services ITB

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In Indonesia, the study on the correlation between land-use and transportation was started 21 cyears ago following similiar studies conducted by developed countries 43 years ago. The main purpose of these studies was to prepare an efficient transportation plan for a city or region in order to facilitate the increase in the traffic as the result of the growth of social-economic activities in the city in the future Due to inconsistency between plan and reality in the implementation phase, in the developed countries critiques on the failures of these studies emerged in the middle of 1970′s, at the time when the methods and technologies were being imported by developed countries, and in Indonesia, there has been a crisis in urban transportation planning. This article tries to look back at history of the implementation of similar studies in large cities of Indonesia and in the neighboring countries. Some weaknesses of the studies and the modeling will be identified. At the end, the article discusses the weaknesses in the implementation phase of urban transportation plan in Indonesia and alternative policies for the future.

Comparison of Alternatif Planning Framework and Demand Modelling Methodologies of Mass Transit System Proposal For Jakarta Karsaman, Rudy Hermawan
Journal of Regional and City Planning Vol 10, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Center for Research and Community Services ITB

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Using three different proposals made for Jakarta during 1988-1992 as a ase study, this work investigates the formulation of mass transit system proposals in Jakarta with the objectives of comparing alternative transportation demand modelling methods, assessing their strengths and weaknessess and recommending the most suitable ones to be adapted. The results indicate that, in the general context of developing countries and for pre-feasibility level, simple methods and models still seem more appropriate due to the lack of reliable data and expertise, fast changing developments and high uncertainties. Despite the development of new models and methods in developed countries, their application in developung countries might need to be adjusted and simplified due to the different environment. More specifically, each study has its own strengths and weaknesses, therefore their combination might results in better outcome.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMUM (SPM) JALAN TOL DI INDONESIA Karsaman, Rudy Hermawan
Jurnal Jalan-Jembatan Vol 26 No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Direktorat Bina Teknik Jalan dan Jembatan

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Salah satu aspek yang diperlukan untuk menjamin penyelenggaraan jalan tol yang lancar, aman, nyaman, dan efisien terkait dengan sistem pelayanan dan operasi yang dilakukan. Standar Pelayanan Minimum (SPM) adalah parameter yang ditetapkan untuk dijadikan tolok ukur yang berkaitan dengan pelayanan kepada pemakai jalan. Pada prinsipnya SPM ini harus dipenuhi sebagai jaminan yang diberikan kepada pengguna jalan, yang meliputi kondisi jalan, kecepatan lalulintas rata-rata, aksesibilitas, mobilitas, keselamatan, serta unit pertolongan, penanganan hambatan, dan kecelakaan. Dalam rangka meningkatkan pelayanan jalan tol di Indonesia, SPM ini perlu diupayakan untuk ditingkatkan. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengkaji ulang parameter dan ukuran dalam SPM yang berlaku saat kini. Harapan dari peningkatan SPM tersebut adalah meningkatnya mutu jalan tol itu sendiri, baik dari segi keamanan maupun segi kenyamanan, serta meningkatnya tingkat pelayanan dan keselamatan yang dapat diberikan kepada pengguna. Tulisan ini membahas usulan aspek-aspek yang dapat dipertimbangkan dalam meningkatkan SPM tersebut, baik parameter maupun ukuran yang diterapkan. Kata kunci: Jalan tol, Standar pelayanan minimum, Sistem operasi

Rencana Penerapan Sistem Pengumpulan Tol Elektronik (Electronic Toll Collection System) di Indonesia Karsaman, Rudy Hermawan
MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL Tahun 16, Nomor 1, PEBRUARI 2008
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University

In order to ensure a safety, smooth and efficient traffic movement in toll road ,one of itsÂ aspect related to toll collection system applied. Toll collection system is a series of activities that consists of service to user, transaction controll, administration of revenues and other support system. Principally, this proccess should be fast, precisse, safe and convenience for the user, as well as guarantee for user and toll company that the transaction has occured in accordance with the true tariff, compatible and integrated with other system (exixting or planned) considering the technology development and human resources management. To enhance the toll road service in Indonesia, the toll collection system need to be made faster. One of the choice for fastening could be done by appliying the electronic payment. Advantages of applying electronic transaction system are :Fastening transaction time and increasing service capacity, Decreasing cash money that has to be handled and increase the security,Â Increasing the transaction accuracy and avoiding human error and Increasing human efficiency for toll gate service. This paper describe the planning ofÂ Electronic Toll Collection System application from technical, operational and bussiness point of view. Keywords : Toll Road, Electronic Collection System Â ABSTRAK Dalam rangka mendukung pergerakan lalu lintas di jalan tol secara aman, nyaman dan efisien, salah satu aspeknya terkait dengan sistem pengumpulan tolÂ yang dilakukan. Sistem Pengumpulan Tol adalah suatu rangkaian kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan transaksi tol berupa proses pelayanan kepada pemakai jalan, kontrol atas pelaksanaan transaksi, proses pengadministrasian pendapatan tol serta proses lain yang mendukungnya. Pada prinsipnya proses sistem pengumpulan tol harus didasarkan pada pelayanan yang cepat, tepat, aman dan nyaman pada pengguna tol, adanya jaminan kepada pengguna jalan dan Badan Usaha Jalan Tol bahwa transaksi sudah berjalan sesuai dengan tarif yang ditentukan, cocok (compatible) dan diintegrasikan dengan sistem yang sudah ada maupun sistem yang akan dikembangkan, memperhatikan pengembangan teknologi, manajemen sumber daya manusia. Dalam rangka meningkatkan pelayanan jalan tol di Indonesia, maka sistem pengumpulan tol atau aspek transaksi pembayaran di pintu gerbang tol perlu diupayakan untuk dipercepat. Salah satu pilihan untuk mempercepat tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan sistem pembayaran secara elektronis. Keuntungan penerapan sistem transaksi secara elektronik ini adalah mempercepat waktu transaksi dan meningkatkan kapasitas pelayanan, mengurangi jumlah uang tunai yang harus ditangani dan meningkatkan keamanan, meningkatkan tingkat akurasi transaksi dan menghindari kesalahan manusia sertameningkatkan efisiensi jumlah SDM untuk pelayanan di gerbang tol. Tulisan ini membahas rencana penerapan Sistem Pengumpulan Tol secara elektronik dari segi teknis, operasional dan pengusahaannya.Kata kunci : Jalan Tol, Sistem Pengumpulan ElektronikPermalink: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/mkts/article/view/3662[How to cite: Karsaman, R.H. (2008), Rencana Penerapan Sistem Pengumpulan Tol Elektronik (Electronic Toll Collection System)Â di Indonesia, Jurnal Media Komunikasi Teknik Sipil, Tahun 16, No. 1, pp. 11-25]

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