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Ummu Kalsum

Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Author-ID : 2994237

Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Pengaruh Zat Aditif Urea terhadap Kuantitas Biodiesel Pada Reaksi Transesterfikasi Rismawati Rasyid; Ummu Kalsum; Rahmaniah Malik; Dadi Priyono; Azis Albar
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Valensi Volume 4, No.1, Mei 2014
Publisher : Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Abstrak Asam lemak jenuh maupun tak jenuh pada minyak nabati memiliki potensi untuk diubah menjadi bahan kimia penyusun bahan bakar . Komponen asam lemak pada CPO RBD dengan komposisi terbesar adalah asam palmitat (38.2%) dan asam oleat (45.89%). Pembuatan biodiesel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan CPO (Crude Palm Oil) yang telah dimurnikan melalui reaksi transesterfikasi dengan pereaksi etanol dan katalisator KOH. Penambahan urea sebagai zat aditif pada reaksi dapat meningkatkan kualitas biodiesel yang diperoleh serta lebih efisien dalam tahapan pemurnian. Persentase kadar FAME (Fatty Acid Metyl Ester) setara dengan persen yield biodiesel pada proses reaksi tanpa penambahan urea adalah 90.34% dan mengalami peningkatan setelah penambahan urea sebesar 98%. Densitas yang dihasilkan pada reaksi tanpa zat aditif 0.868 gr/ ml dan reaksi dengan penambahan zat aditif memiliki densitas 0.866 gr/ml, kedua produk tersebut telah sesuai dengan standar SNI yakni berkisar 0.85–0.89. Kata kunci : biodiesel, CPO, zat aditif Abstract Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils have potential to be converted into constituent of chemicals fuel. Fatty acids in the RBD palm oil with the largest composition are palmitic acid (38.2%) and oleic acid (45.89%). Production of fuel which substitute diesel fuel (biodiesel) from CPO (Crude Palm Oil) which has been purified by transesterification reaction with ethanol reagent and KOH catalyst. The addition of urea as an additive substancein the reaction to improve the quality as well as more efficient biodiesel obtained in the purification stages. Percentage value of FAME(Fatty Acid Metyl Ester)or yield biodiesel in the reaction without the addition of urea is 90.34% and after the addition of urea increased by 98%. Density of product that produced in the reaction without additives is 0.868 g / ml and for reaction with additives has a density of 0.866 g / ml, both of these products are met the criteria of SNI standards which ranged from 0.85 to 0.89. Keywords : Biodiesel, CPO, additive substance

Production of Methyl ester from Coconut Oil using Heterogeneous K/Al2O3 under Microwave Irradiation Andi Suryanto; Ummu Kalsum; Lailatul Qadariya; Mahfud Mahfud
Journal of Chemical Process Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Methyl esters derived from coconut oil are very interesting to study because they contain free fatty acids with a medium carbon chain structure (C12-C14), so most methyl esters (70%) can be bio-kerosene and the rest can be biodiesel. The process of preparing methyl ester by reaction of Trans-esterification triglyceride generally using a homogeneous KOH catalyst but this process requires a long catalyst separation process through washing and drying process. The use of heterogeneous catalysts in the production of methyl esters can remove the washing and drying processes, but trans-esterification reactions with heterogeneous catalysts require severe conditions (high pressure and high temperature), whereas at low temperatures and atmospheric conditions, the methyl ester yield is relatively low. Using microwave-irradiated trans-esterification reactions with heterogeneous catalysts, it is expected to be much faster and can obtained higher yields. Therefore, in this study we prepare a heterogeneous catalyst K/Al2O3 using solution KOH that impregnated in catalyst support Al2O3, and catalyst obtained are caracterized by XRD, BET dan SEM. Our objective was to compare the yield of methyl esters obtained through the trans-esterification process of coconut oil assisted by microwave using a heterogeneous K / Al2O3 catalyst with yield obtained using a homogeneous KOH catalyst. Experimental equipment consists of a batch reactor placed in a microwave oven equipped with a condenser, agitator and temperature controller. The batch process was carried out at atmospheric pressure with variation of K/Al2O3 catalyst concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5%) and microwave power (100, 264 and 400 W). In general, the process of producing methyl esters by heterogeneous catalysts will get three layers, wherein the first layer is the product of methyl ester, the second layer is glycerol and the third layer is the catalyst. The experimental results show that the methyl ester yield increases with increasing of microwave power, catalyst concentration and reaction time. The results obtained with K /Al2O3 catalysts are generally slightly lower than those obtained using a homogeneous KOH catalyst. However, the yield of methyl esters obtained by the K / Al2O3 heterogeneous catalyst process are relatively easy to separate rather than using a homogeneous KOH catalyst.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Enzim Silanase dan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae dalam Pembuatan Bioethanol dari Limbah Kulit Singkong dengan Proses Sakarifikasi dan Fermentasi Simultan Dwinda Anggriani; Ummu Kalsum; N Nurjannah
Journal of Chemical Process Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Bioetanol merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar minyak, atas dasar tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian untuk membuat bioetanol dari bahan baku yang mengandung lignoselulosa seperti kulit singkong dengan melihat pengaruh konsentrasi enzim silanase dan jumlah ragi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sakarifikasi dan fermentasi serentak dengan menggunakan dua variabel. Variabel pertama, konsentrasi enzim silanase yaitu 30, 50 dan 75 unit. Variabel kedua, jumlah ragi Saccharomyces Cerevisiae yaitu 5% dan 10% b/v. Proses pertama dilakukan persiapan sample dengan mengeringkan dan menghaluskan sample, setelah itu dilakukan proses delignifikasi untuk mengurangi kadar lignin dan dilanjutkan dengan metode sakarifikasi dan fermentasi serentak, proses sakarifikasi dilakukan selama 18 jam dan fermentasi selama 96 jam. Hasil akhir dianalisa menggunakan kromatografi gas. Hasil yang diperoleh pada pemakaian enzim 75 unit dengan jumlah ragi 10% merupakan hasil dengan kadar etanol tertinggi yaitu 3.018% sedangkan kadar etanol terkecil diperoleh dari hasil pemakaian enzim 30 unit dengan jumlah ragi 5%. Dari data yang diperoleh dapat terlihat bahwa pemakaian enzim tertinggi menghasilkan kadar etanol yang tinggi pula, begitu juga dengan jumlah ragi Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 10% menghasilkan kadar etanol yang lebih tinggi daripada jumlah ragi 5%.

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