Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Penyakit-Penyakit Penting Buah Naga di Tiga Sentra Pertanaman di Jawa Tengah Arif Wibowo; Ani Widiastuti; Wahyu Agustina
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent of some dragon fruit disease emerging in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) and Central Java. Samples were taken from the dragon fruit plantation from the district of Sleman and Kulonprogo, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta as well as Magelang, Province of Central Java. Isolation of pathogen from symptomatic plant tissue was performed on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) for fungi and Nutrient Agar (NA) for bacteria and continued with Koch's postulates testing. The results of field observation showed that the disease commonly occured in all 3 plantations of dragon fruit were stem rot caused by Erwinia sp. and scab caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. Other miscellaneous diseases found among the plantations were brown spot (Fusarium sp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp.), mosaic that might be caused by Cactus Virus X, root knotnematode (Meloidogyne sp.), black rot and red spot which were still unidentified.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyakit-penyait penting pada tanaman buah naga yang ditanam pada sentra pertanaman buah naga di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) dan Jawa Tengah, serta untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab penyakit penting tersebut. Sampel tanaman buah naga diambil dari pertanaman buah naga di Kabupaten Sleman dan Kulon Progo untuk Provinsi DIY serta Magelang untuk Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Isolasi patogen dari jaringan tanaman bergejala dilakukan pada medium Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) untuk jamur dan Nutrient Agar (NA) untuk bakteri serta dilanjutkan dengan uji Postulat Koch. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa penyakit yang umum terdapat di 3 lokasi pertanaman buah naga tersebut adalah busuk batang yang disebabkan oleh Erwinia sp. dan kudis yang disebabkan oleh Pestalotiopsis sp. Adapun penyakit-penyakit lain yang dijumpai antara lain bercak coklat (Fusarium sp.), antraknosa (Colletotrichum sp.), mosaik yang kemungkinan disebabkan oleh Cactus Virus X, puru akar (Meloidogyne sp.), serta busuk hitam dan bercak merah yang belum teridentifikasi penyebabnya.

Uji Efektivitas Pestisida terhadap Beberapa Patogen Penyebab Penyakit Penting pada Buah Naga (Hylocereus sp.) secara In Vitro Ani Widiastuti; Wahyu Agustina; Arif Wibowo; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Problem caused by pathogen in Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus sp.) cultivation became very important because it decreased significantly the quantity and quality of the fruit production. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of some pesticides against pathogens that cause diseases of dragon fruit in several plantations in the DIY (Sleman and Kulon Progo) and Central Java (Magelang and Batang). Test of fungicide effectiveness was done in vitro on PDA medium (potato dextrose agar) by poisoned food technique. The fungicides were mancozeb 80 %, methyl tiofanat 70 %, copper hydroxide 80 %, chlorotalonil 75 %, mancozeb 64 % + metalaxyl 4 %, mancozeb karbendazim 73.8 % + 6.8 %,benomyl 50 % at a concentration of 1g/L. The bactericides used were streptomycin sulfate 20 % and oxytetracycline 150 AL with each concentration of 1 g/L and 1 mL /L. The results showed that benomyl 50 % was the most effective fungicide to suppress the growth of Fusarium sp. (brown spot), Colletotrichum sp. (anthracnose) and Pestalotiopsis sp. (scab), followed by mancozeb 73.8 % +karbendazim 6.8 % and 73.8 % mancozeb. Bactericide which was able to suppress the growth of Erwinia sp. (stem rot) was streptomycin sulfate 20 %. Gangguan patogen pada buah naga (Hylocereus sp.) saat ini menjadi masalah penting karena secara signifikan menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas hasil panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektivan beberapa pestisida terhadap patogen penyebab penyakit-penyakit penting pada tanaman buah naga yang ditanaman pada beberapa sentra pertanaman di Propinsi DIY (Sleman dan Kulon Progo) dan Jawa Tengah (Magelang dan Batang). Uji keefektivan pestisida dilakukan secara in vitro pada medium PDA (potato dextrose agar) dengan metode teknik makanan beracun (poisoned food technique). Fungisida yang dipergunakan adalah mankozeb 80%, tiofanat metil 70%, tembaga hidroksida 80%, klorotalonil 75%, mankozeb 64% + metalaksil 4%, mankozeb 73,8% + karbendazim 6,8%, benomil 50% dengan konsentrasi 1g/L, sedangkan bakterisida yang dipergunakan adalah streptomisin sulfat 20% dan oksitetrasiklin 150 AL dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 1 g/L dan 1 mL/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari enam jenis fungisida yang dipergunakan, benomil 50% merupakan fungisida yang paling efektif untuk menekan pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. (bercak cokelat), Colletotrichum sp. (antraknos), dan Pestalotiopsis sp. (kudis), diikuti oleh mankozeb 73,8% + karbendazim 6,8% serta mankozeb 73,8%. Untuk fungisida yang lain, efektifitasnya tidak terlalu tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol. Bakterisida yang mampu menekan perkembangan Erwinia sp. (busuk batang) adalah streptomisin sulfat 20%.

Identifikasi Ras Fisiologis Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Berdasarkan Sifat Kompatibel Secara Vegetatif dan Pembentukan Bahan Volatil Arif Wibowo; Suryanti Suryanti; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Race characterization of F. oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd. & Hans. by determining disease reaction is difficult because the result may be biased due to the variability of growing condition. This study is aimed to identify physiological races of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense in banana plantation in the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta by examining the relation of the fungal pathogen isolates. The identification of physiological races of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense was based on vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). The research was conducted in The Laboratory of Mycology Faculty of Agriculture GMU on March to November 2000. Observation of heterokarion formed by the mutant of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense on selective medium was carried out in order to identify the compatibility of two different fungal isolates. Nitrate non utilizing (nit) mutants obtained without mutagen were used as the label. Nit mutant obtained from the same wild type isolates could form heterokarion on minimal agar medium containing NaNO3 as nitrogen source. Eleven isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense have been isolated from several cultivars of banana. Vegetative compatibility tests showed that of 11 eleven isolates, there were six different group VCGs where four of them formed volatile compound in rice medium whereas two of them did not.

Peningkatan Ketahanan Tanaman Pisang Kepok Kuning terhadap Penyakit Darah melalui Variasi Somaklonal dan Simbiosis Endofitik Arif Wibowo; Tri Joko; Siti Subandiyah; Ika Mariska; Yati Supriyati; Yadi Suryadi; Ika Roostika
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 16, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

One of the obstacles that was encountered in the banana cultivation is blood disease. Blood diseases is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that is subsequently revised to become blood disease bacteria (BDB). Until now the control of banana blood disease is very difficult. Control of banana blood disease with chemical injections and soil treatment is not effective. This study was aimed to obtain Kepok Kuning cultivar banana seedlings which was resistant towards blood disease obtained from in vitro selection by using BDB growing filtrate and induced resistance by inoculation of antagonistic endophytic bacteria.The observation of Kepok Kuning banana explants treated with various concentrations of BDB growing filtrate showed that the percentage of living explants decreased to 83.33% when the BDB growing filtrate concentration increased to 15%. Treatment of banana explants with BDB growing filtrate also affected the number of roots, shoots, and leaves. Treatment with a single antagonistic endophytic bacteria suppressed the intensity of banana blood disease to 0% in comparison with the mixture of antagonistic endophytic bacteria if Kepok Kuning banana explants were not treated with BDB growing filtrate. When Kepok Kuning banana explants were treated with BDB growing filtrate, the intensity of banana blood disease suppressed to 0% after the high concentration of BDB growing filtrate and the antagonistic endophytic bacteria mixture were applied.

Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Pisang dengan Fusarium Nonpatogenik dan Fluorescent pseudomonads Christanti Sumardiyono; Arif Wibowo; Suryanti Suryanti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 13, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11865

The study was aimed to know the ability of fluorescent pseudomonads and nonpathogenic Fusarium for controlling fusarium wilt of banan. The research was conducted both in the laboratory and glass ouse in the Faculty of Agriculture Gadjah Mada University. Laboratorial trial incuded the examining of antagonistic capacity in vitro and the population of these two antagonistic microorganism in compost medium. The examination of the effect of these two microorganisms in compost medium against fusarium wilt of banana Ambon Kuning cultivar was conducted in a glass house. The result showed that there was no antagonistic mechanism occured between fluorescent pseudomonads and nonpathogenic Fusarium. The treatment of compost with fluorescent pseudomonads or/and nonpathogenic Fusarium showed that there were differences on the optimum population of these two antagonistic microorganisms. Fluorescent pseudomonads attained its optimum population one week after inoculation while nonpathogenic Fusarium attained its optimum population two weeks after inoculation. The glass house trial showed taht compost enriched with two microorganisms with one week inocubation time reduced percentage of wilted leaves, although it was nonsignificant with control treatment. Field experiment should be conducted with higher population density of antagonist microorganisms.

Identifikasi Morfologi Beberapa Spesies Jamur Fusarium Ade Mahendra Sutejo; Achmadi Priyatmojo; Arif Wibowo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11870

The research was conducted to study the morphological difference based on macroscopic and microscopic appearance of several Fusarium spp. Fusarium spp. isolates were propagated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) by using single-spore method. All isolates were observed macroscopically and microscopically to determine colony appearance, colony growth diameter and formation of macroconidia, microconidia and conidiophores. The results showed that colony appearance of all isolates was similar. Therefore they could not clearly be differentiated by one to another. On the other hand, microscopic observation showed that there was different conidiophore morphology of F. oxysporum and other Fusarium spp. Microscopic morphology among F. oxysporum isolates were difficult to differentiate. Microconidia were produced in false-head which was the characteristic feature of most F. oxysporum. In conclusion, microscopic morphology observation could only be able to differentiate Fusarium spp. isolates at species level, but not to formae speciales.

Colonization of Tomato Root by Antagonistic Bacterial Strains to Fusarium Wilt of Tomato Arif Wibowo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12084

Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) is an important disease in tomato which cause a significant loss of yield in major growing regions of the world. This study examined the ability of bacterial strains antagonistic to F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (H5, H22, H63, H71, Burkholderia cepacia strain 65 and 526) to colonize tomato seedlings and the effect of plant growth. The effect of bacterial population size and air temperature on the bacterial colonization and their spread along the root systems was also assessed.The results of this study showed that the bacterial population at 28°/23° C day/night temperature 14 days after planting was significantly greater than 23°/18° C for 4 of 6 strains tested. Although there was no significant effect of temperature on bacterial population observed in this study, the ability of the baacterial strains to colonize the rhizosphere was significantly different. Three strains (H5, B. cepacia strain 65 and 526) survived well in the rhizosphere and at 4 weeks after planting rhizosphere populations per gram fresh root were not significantly different from those recovered 2 weeks after planting. The largest population of the bacterial inoculants developed in the basal region of the roots and this differed between strains by log10 2.7 cfu/cm root. The bacterial populations in other parts of the root were also strain dependent. Strain H71, for example, was able to colonize the root segments at a high population level. However strain H63 was recovered only in small number in all root segments.

Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Pisang dengan Inokulasi Jamur Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular pada Bibit Suryanti Suryanti; Arif Wibowo; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 9, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense is the most important and destructive disease on banana. The pathogen is soil-borne and can survive in soil without the occurence of the host. The Vesicular Arbuscular Mychorriza (VAM) is a symbiotic associated fungi and plant roots. The VAM which infected plant can induce the resistance to pathogen. Banana seedlings obtained from tissue culture one free from pathogen. The seedling was inoculated with VAM to induce the resistance to Fusarium wilt disease. The result showed that the seedling inoculated with VAM can reduce diseases intensity of Fusarium wilt on banana.

The Effect of Environmental Factors on Conidial Germination, Sporulation and Growth of Trichoderma harzianum In Vitro Arif Wibowo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12759

This experiment was conducted to study the influence of temperature, pH of media, and length of radiaton on conidial germination, sporulation and growth of Trichoderma harzianum on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). It was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The results indicated that the highest conidial germination occurred at 30°C, and so the sporulation and the growth of T. harzianum. Length of radiation did not significantly affect conidial germination. However sporulation was enhanced by 12 hrs light-12 hrs dark treatment and colony diameter of T. harzianum was significantly greater at dark. Acidity influenced mainly the conidial germination and the sporulation of T. harzianum. The greatest of conidial germination occurred at pH 8, whereas the smallest occurred at pH 5. Sporulation was also enhanced by higher pH. The influence of acidity on the growth of T. harzianum occurred at pH 9 which its diameter colony was significantly smaller compared to the other treatments.

Title

Found 9 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 9 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 9 Documents
Search