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All Journal Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Journal of Bioprocess Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science
Zuchra Helwani
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Pemanfaatan Fly Ash Sawit Sebagai Katalis Asam Dalam Proses Esterifikasi Gliserol Sebagai Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Triyana Defi; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel that produced about 10% of the amount of biodiesel. Glycerol can be processed into economic products such as triacetin. Triacetin is a triesther of glycerol and acetic acid that can be applied as additive in the field of food or non food. Triacetin can be produced through estherification of glycerol and acetic acid by using palm fly ash as the solid acid catalyst. The aim of this research was to determined the characteristic of the palm fly ash as solid acid catalyst and determined the influence of the catalyst concentration, mol ratio of reactan and time of estherification toward the conversion of glycerol. Variation that used were concentration of catalyst 1, 2, 3% of acetic acid mass, mol ratio of reactan 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, and time of estherification 1, 2, and 3 hours. The estherification temperature was 100oC. The characteristic of palm fly ash catalyst of acidity, crystallinity, and surface area increasing after activation process. The conversion of glycerol increased by the increasing of catalyst concentration, mol ratio of reactan and time of estherification. The highest conversion gain at concentration of catalyst 1%, mol ratio of reactan 1:9, and time of estherification 3 hours is 47.41%.Keywords: biodiesel, estherification, fly ash, glycerol, triacetin.
Torefaksi Tandan Kosong Sawit : Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Nilai Kalor Produk Torefaksi Al Qohyum Fernando; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Empty fruit bunches can be used as alternative energy source by torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a treatment process of biomass into solid fuel within temperature range of 200-300oC in an inert condition. The aim of this research was to determine the condition of the process to the increase in calorific value torrefaction product. Torrefaction of empty fruit bunch was using fixed bed horizontal reactor with temperature (225-275oC), time (15-45 minutes) and particle size (2-6 cm). Results of the research is the calorific value and the proximate analysis torrefaction products such as moisture content, ash content, volatile content, and the content of fixed carbon. Torrefaction product calorific value in the range 17091,03-20697,13 kJ/kg.Keywords: biomass, empty fruit bunches, solid fuel, torrefaction.
Pembuatan Bahan Bakar Padat Dari Pelepah Sawit Dengan Menggunakan Gliserol Sebagai Perekat Firman Tampubolon; Zuchra Helwani; Komalasari Komalasari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy source globally and economically and also an environmentally friendly energy source. One of the potential agricultural wastes that can be used as an alternative fuel is oil palm fronds. The heating value of oil palm fronds is 17.200 kJ/kg. The heating value can be improved by conducting carbonization process followed by densification. With carbonization the smoke forming elements can be minimized, so that the exhaust gas is cleaner. Biomass densification aims to increase density and reduce handling problems such as storage and transportation. The heat value can be increased again by adding an adhesive in the form of glycerol which has a heating value 25.175 kJ/kg. The aim of this study is to produce a solid fuel from oil palm fronds by using carbonization process and to know the characteristics of products. This study aims to produce solid fuel using the densification process of oil palm fronds carbon obtained from the carbonization process, knowing the effect of adhesive composition and compacting pressure in the manufacture of products and knowing the heating value of the products produced. The particle size used where 20 mesh and the adhesive composition used where 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 %wt. Compacting pressure used where 50, 75 and 100 bar. Data processing in this study was obtained by proximate analysis, density, and using a bomb calorimeter. The highest heating value obtained was 24.604 kJ/kg from the briquette product with the adhesive composition 70:30 and the compacting pressure 50 bar. While for the lowest heating value obtained at 20.693 kJ/kg on briquettes which adhesive composition 90:10 and compacting pressure 100 bar. Process conditions that have a significant effect on heating value are adhesive compositions and compacting pressures.Keywords: densification, glycerol, carbonization, heating value, oil palm fronds
Disain Alat Utama Menara Distilasi De-Ethanizer Pada Prarancangan Pabrik Benzene, Toluene, Dan Xylene (BTX) Menggunakan Proses Cyclar BP/UOP Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are petrochemical products made from naphtha through a catalytic formation process. Benzene and toluene are some of the products that are widely used in chemical raw materials. One of them is toluene, Toluene is used as a solvent and intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals, high octane components and gasoline, while the need for pxylene is increasing. With the increasing demand for polyester fibers and films. The designed factory production capacity is 602,606 tons per year. One of the main separation tools in this plant is the De-ethanizer. This distillation is designed to separate hydrogen gas, methane, and ethane from the naphtha mixture. De-Ethanizer has operating conditions with a feed temperature of 289 Kelvin, a distillate temperature of 216 Kelvin and a bottom temperature of 306 Kelvin and a pressure of 7,01 bar. The de-etanizer feed flow rate is 147229,0473 lb/hour with the gas phase in the form of a mixture of hydrogen, methane, ethane, and naphtha. The distillate flow rate is 10763,0445 lb/hour with the gas phase in the form of a mixture of hydrogen, methane, and ethane and the bottom flow rate is 136491,2049 lb/hour with the liquid phase in the form of naphtha. The shell material used is SA-285 grade C stainless steel. De-Ethanizer distillation is designed with a height of 9,64 meters, a shell thickness of 1 in and has 20 plates with a sieve tray type. Keyboard: BTX, De-Ethanizer, catalityc reforming, sieve tray
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung Dengan Katalis Na2SiO3/Serbuk Besi : Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Recycle Katalis Febrian Adhitya; Edy Saputra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
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This research purpose to synthesis biodiesel from calophyllum inophyllum oil by transesterification reaction using heterogeneous base catalyst Na2SiO3/iron powder. Catalyst was synthesized from fly ash palm oil which supported by iron powder. Synthesis biodiesel on transesterification reaction with the independent variables of this research variations is agitation rate of 200 rpm, 300 rpm and 400 rpm and catalyst can be recycledas much as 3 times for every variation of agitation rate. These conditions aim to determine its effect on the yield of biodiesel produced. Condition operation the transesterification are mol ratio of oil : methanol 1 : 9 and loading catalyst 3%-w of oil feedstock with temperature reaction 60°C during 2 hours reaction time. Physical characterization were done such as density 867 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 3,96 mm2/s, acid number 0,48 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 147°C respectively accordance with the Indonesian National Standard. (SNI 7182:2015).Keyword: Agitation Rate, Biodiesel, Esterification, Calophyllum inophyllum oil, Catalyst, Recyle and Transesterification.
Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Menggunakan Katalis Geopolimer Dari Abu Sekam Padi Dan Kaolin M. Wahyu Nugraha; Edy Saputra; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel produced from vegetable oil triglycerides transesterification reaction. Besides being derived from renewable sources, biodiesel generate emissions better than diesel. Utilization of vegetable oils such as potential as Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil as raw material biodiesel because it is non-edible. It is necessary to develop catalyst technology in order to get the production process becomes more economical, applicable, and environmentally friendly, one of the catalysts is rice husk ash (RHA) geopolymer. The geopolymer synthesized by reacting sodium silicate, metakaolin, NaOH, and water. Characterized geopolymer produced include alkalinity, surface morphology, elemental composition, and surface area. The variation of process variables conducted to assess the effect on the yield of biodiesel. Independent variable weight of oil 50 grams, mole ratio methanol:oil 9: 1, reaction time 120 minutes, and temperature of 65 °C, with the dependent variables %w/w catalyst 0.79%-2.2% and stirring rate 117-682 rpm. The result of physical characterization density 866 kg /m3, viscosity 4.13 mm2/s, acid number of 0.42 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 140 °C meet the SNI standards (SNI 7182: 2015).Keywords: Biodiesel, Calophyllum inophyllum Oil, Catalyst, Geopolymer, Rice Husk Ash
Esterifikasi Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel Dan Asam Asetat Menjadi Triacetin Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Bettry Rifani; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuel which is made from triglycerides by transesterification alcohol processed and made 10% of byproducts is glycerol. One of the derivative products from glycerol is triacetin. Triacetin have many uses as additives in food and non food products. The research purpose is proccessed of glycerol as byproduct from biodiesel into triacetin using esterification method with catalyst fly ash on the variation concentration (1%, 2% and 3%) of catalyst, reactant mole ratio (1: 5, 1: 7 and 1: 9) and variation of esterification time (1, 2 and 3 hours) towards glycerol conversion. Data processing used the response surface methodology (RSM) and the experimental design used is central composite design. Fly ash catalyst characteristics such as acidity, crystallinity, and surface area increased after activation. The highest glycerol conversion obtained was 79.94% at a concentration of 3% catalyst, reactant mole ratio of 1: 9 and esterification time of 3 hours. Increasing concentrations of the catalyst, reactants mole ratio and time of esterification increase the conversion of glycerol. Esterification time is the most influential factor to increase conversion of glycerol in the production of triacetin.Keywords: catalyst, fly ash, esterification, glycerol, triacetin
Bahan Bakar Padat Dari Tandan Kosong Sawit Menggunakan Proses Torefaksi; Variasi Suhu Dan Ukuran Bahan Baku Eferius Mendrofa; Komalasari Komalasari; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
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Abstract

Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) can be used as alternative energy source by using torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a pre-treatment process of biomass into solid fuel within temperature range of 200-300 oC in an inert condition. The aim of this research was producing solid fuel from oil palm EFB and studyng the effect of process variabel towards characteristic of solid fuel that was resulted. Torrefaction of EFB was using fixed bed horizontal reactor with temperature (225-275 oC) and particle size (5-15 mm). The quality of product that analyzed was calorific value, mass yield, energy yield and proximate (moisture content, ash content, volatile content and fixed carbon). The result of research was obtained for calorific value was 18362.17-20113.19 kJ/kg, mass yield was 52.15-77.85% and energy yield was 65.82-90.00%. The result proximate analysis such as moisture content was 1.22-1.35%, ash content was 6.97-13.59%, volatile content was 35.71-56.64%, and fixed carbon was 33.45-52.13%. From the result that was obtained, the effect of rising temperature given increasing to the calorific value, energy yield, ash content, and fixed carbon.Keywords: palm empty fruit bunches, biomassa, solid fuel, torrefaction.
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Menggunakan Katalis Basa Heterogen Naca-Geopolimer Mustapa Ardi; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Biodiesel is a product of transesterification reaction fat/oil and methanol with the aid of catalyst. Catalysts is commonly used in the production of biodiesel is strong base catalysts such as NaOH and KOH which is difficult to separate from the product of the reaction because it has the same phase as the reactant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop catalyst technology in order to get the production process becomes more economical, applicable and environmentally friendly, one of the catalyst is geopolymer. Geopolymers are synthesized by reacting sodium silicate, metakaolin, and bottom ash. Geopolymers is used in transesterification reaction. The process variables are weight of oil 50 grams, stirring rate 400 rpm, reaction time 120 minutes, and temperature of 65 oC, with catalyst 2% (w/w) and mole ratio of methanol:oil 1:12. The yield of biodiesel 88.04% with density 875 kg/m3, viscosity 4.27 mm2/s, the acid number of 0.29 mg-KOH/g biodiesel, the flash point 140 °C and alkyl ester level of 99,91% comply with the SNI standards (SNI 7182: 2015). Keywords: biodiesel, calophyllum inophyllum oil, geopolymer, transesterification, yield
Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis CaO Yang Diimpregnasi Dengan Limbah Serbuk Besi Muhammad Rahman; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
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Off-grade oil is a raw material for biodiesel that has ALB levels> 2% so that the production of biodiesel made by two stage reaction, the esterification and transesterification. In general, biodiesel is produced using homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts can be replaced by a heterogeneous catalyst. CaO catalyst has a high alkalinity but has shortcomings in the process of separation of the reaction products. Waste iron powder can be used as a support and to provide a catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 metal forming properties. This study aims to create a catalyst that has a high alkalinity and metallic, and study the performance of the catalyst in the transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade. Esterification process were reacted at 60°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:12 and 1% H2SO4 catalyst -b. The esterification reaction can reduce levels of ALB from 12.47% to 0.36%. Transesterification is done by varying the mole ratio of oil: methanol in a row is 1: 6, 1: 8 and 1:10, the amount of catalyst modification 1% -b, -b 2%, 3% -b, a reaction temperature of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and the reaction time 2 hours. Processing data using Response Surface Area (RSM), the amount of attack using Central Composite Design (CCD). The resulting yield ranging from 23.19% to 52.34%. The highest yield obtained at 70°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:10 and the amount of catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 1%-b. Biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point are in accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel. The most significant process conditions to yield biodiesel is the ratio of the mole ratio of oil: methanol and the amount of catalyst.Keywords : Biodiesel, Catalyst, Off-grade Palm Oi, Transesterification, Wasted Iron
Co-Authors Abdullah Syafi’i Adi Maulana Putra Ahmad Fadli Al Qohyum Fernando Andi Mulya Adha Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andry Sutanto Anna Apryana Ari Wibowo Harahap Arief Maulana Ilham Arini Puspita Ramadhanti Ayu Naluri Bahruddin Bettry Rifani Dedi Meier Silaban Delvi Yolanda Desi Ivo Andri Ari Desly Fadilla Simbolon Dwi Septiana Dwi Yuni Ernawati Edi Susanto Edy Saputra Eferius Mendrofa Febrian Adhitya Febryanto Febryanto Firman Tampubolon Fitra Annisa Ganis Kharisma Wiranti Gusti Ayu Nurjanah Hari Rionaldo Heriza Saputri Heru Kristianto Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Ida Zahrina Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S Jimmy Anderson Khairat Khairat Komalasari Komalasari M. Wahyu Nugraha Mery Christina Mia Afriyenti Mohd Fajri Amrullah Monika Shecilia Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi Muhammad Rahman Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman Muslim Abdurrahman Mustapa Ardi Nirmala Sari Nur Khairiati Qurotullaili Qurotullaili Ramdhani Asywal Ricfan Anggriawan Rina Maryenti Rio Nanda Novendra Rivo Fernando Robi Maulana Romie Zulfadli Romy Romy Rozanna Sri Irianty Sherly Oktarizona, Shinta Anggraini Silvia Reni Yenti Sri Helianty SYAIFUL BAHRI Trisuciati Syahwardini Triyana Defi Vandhe Melsa Sembiring Viqrie Wahyudi Wahyu Syafrima Walter Valentino Sinaga Warman Fatra Wenny Susanty Widya Yoesepha Yelmida Azis Z Zulfansyah Zultiniar Zultiniar