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Pemanfaatan Fly Ash Sawit Sebagai Katalis Asam Dalam Proses Esterifikasi Gliserol Sebagai Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Triyana Defi; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel that produced about 10% of the amount of biodiesel. Glycerol can be processed into economic products such as triacetin. Triacetin is a triesther of glycerol and acetic acid that can be applied as additive in the field of food or non food. Triacetin can be produced through estherification of glycerol and acetic acid by using palm fly ash as the solid acid catalyst. The aim of this research was to determined the characteristic of the palm fly ash as solid acid catalyst and determined the influence of the catalyst concentration, mol ratio of reactan and time of estherification toward the conversion of glycerol. Variation that used were concentration of catalyst 1, 2, 3% of acetic acid mass, mol ratio of reactan 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, and time of estherification 1, 2, and 3 hours. The estherification temperature was 100oC. The characteristic of palm fly ash catalyst of acidity, crystallinity, and surface area increasing after activation process. The conversion of glycerol increased by the increasing of catalyst concentration, mol ratio of reactan and time of estherification. The highest conversion gain at concentration of catalyst 1%, mol ratio of reactan 1:9, and time of estherification 3 hours is 47.41%.Keywords: biodiesel, estherification, fly ash, glycerol, triacetin.

Pirolisis Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappal) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis NiMo/Lempung Afria Anggreini; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Recently, the avaibility of petroleum fuels is became limited. It is because the petroleum fuels was not balanced with the community consumption to petroleum fuels is very high. To overcome these problems needed alternative energy sources is the use of renewable biomass into bio-oil. Biooil is produced from biomass through pyrolysis. The purpose of this reseacrh is to produce biooil from ketapang wood, determine the effect of the impregnation percentage of NiMo metal, determine the effect of the catalyst weight, the physical and chemical characteristics of bio-oil. Pyrolysis was using 50 grams ketapang wood, 500 ml silinap and NiMo/Lempung catalyst withvariations of the impregnation percentage of NiMo metal 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and the variation weight of catalyst NiMo/Lempung 3%, 4% and 5% of the biomass with a stirring speed of 300 rpm and a temperature of 320ºC for 120 minutes. In this research, the highest yield on the variation of the impregnation percentage of metal 1% and weight of catalyst 5% of the biomass amounted to 77,616%. Characteristics of bio-oil obtained were density 0,924 gr/ml, viscosity 2,510 cSt, acid number 76,781 mg NaOH/gr sample, and the flash point 500C. The results of GC-MS analysis, thedominant chemical components in the bio-oil were cyclohexanone (5,53%); heptadecane (4,17%); 1-propene, 2-methyl-,trimer (3,18%); 1-tetradecene (CAS) n-tetradec-1-ene (2,43%) serta octadecane (CAS) n-octadecane (2,21%).Keywords : Bio-oil, catalyst NiMo/Lempung, ketapang wood

Esterifikasi Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel Dan Asam Asetat Menjadi Triacetin Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Bettry Rifani; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuel which is made from triglycerides by transesterification alcohol processed and made 10% of byproducts is glycerol. One of the derivative products from glycerol is triacetin. Triacetin have many uses as additives in food and non food products. The research purpose is proccessed of glycerol as byproduct from biodiesel into triacetin using esterification method with catalyst fly ash on the variation concentration (1%, 2% and 3%) of catalyst, reactant mole ratio (1: 5, 1: 7 and 1: 9) and variation of esterification time (1, 2 and 3 hours) towards glycerol conversion. Data processing used the response surface methodology (RSM) and the experimental design used is central composite design. Fly ash catalyst characteristics such as acidity, crystallinity, and surface area increased after activation. The highest glycerol conversion obtained was 79.94% at a concentration of 3% catalyst, reactant mole ratio of 1: 9 and esterification time of 3 hours. Increasing concentrations of the catalyst, reactants mole ratio and time of esterification increase the conversion of glycerol. Esterification time is the most influential factor to increase conversion of glycerol in the production of triacetin.Keywords: catalyst, fly ash, esterification, glycerol, triacetin

Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Terhadap Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Jarak Menggunakan Katalis La/NZA Putri Azizah; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Biodiesel is one of alternative energy to replace fossil fuels from vegetable oil. The aims of this research were to produce biodiesel from castrol oil using heterogen catalyst La/NZA, to studythe effect of agitation speed and the ratio of impregnation La on NZA to the yield of biodiesel and to determine the characteristics of catalyst and biodiesel. The La/NZA catalyst is made bygrinding the natural zeolite to a size of -100 + 200 mesh, then the zeolite is activated using solution of HCL and NH4Cl, then it was dried. La is impregnated into NZA then dried using ovenand calcination. Production of biodiesel is carried out through two stages: esterification and trans-esterification. Before esterification, degumming process was done to remove impuritiesand gum contained in the oil. While in the trans-esterification process, variation of impregnation La on NZA are 0% La, 1% La and 3% La and variation of agitation speed are 300 rpm, 400 rpmand 500 rpm for 80 grams of castrol oil and methanol with the ratio of oil : methanol 1 : 9 was inserted to trans-esterification reactor, reaction lasted for 120 minutes at 60ºC. The highest yieldresulted on using 3%La/NZA catalyst with agitation speed 400 rpm which is 88.15%. Characteristics of the catalyst that has a surface area and ratio of Si/Al are large enough withbiodiesel produced in accordance with predefined standards (SNI 04-1782-2015).Keywords: biodiesel, La/NZA, castrol oil, transesterification.

Pencucian Secara Kimia Membran Ultrafiltrasi Sistem Aliran Cross Flow Pada Proses Penyaringan Air Terproduksi Anggi Dwi Saputra; Syarfi Syarfi; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Produced water is water that obtained from the process of oil mining. Based on the characteristic that the produced water is classified as to the wastewater, required treatment before being discharged into water bodies. One of the alternative technologies that can be used for produced water treatment is membrane technology. The main challenge in the use of membrane technology is fouling. This research aims to study the trans-membrane pressure on flux, study the effectiveness and efficiency of NaOH and detergent in the regeneration process of ultrafiltration membranes on operation filtration of produced water. The study was conducted using ultrafiltration membranes by feeding produced water. The method used is by varying the operating pressure of 0.5 bar and 1 bar, variations in the concentration of NaOH and Detergents 0.5%, 1% and 1,5%. Filtration process of produced water lasted for 120 minutes and each leaching time is 30 minutes, the highest effectiveness rate of 30.55% obtained by using detergent 1.5%, the highest leaching efficiency based on flux recovery value is 69.66% and 30.55% for removal resistance, the highest flux value after chemical leaching obtained 0.8950 ml/menit.cm2 in trans-membrane pressure of 0.6 bar and the concentration of the detergent 1.5%. Keywords: Cross flow; Detergen; NaOH; Produced water; Ultrafiltration.

Pirolisis Kayu Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Mo/NZA Ridho Fahrozi; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Petroleum is explored and consumed everyday, while the formation process takes millions of years. Therefore, it need alternative energy which not dependent on fossil resources and can be renewable, one of them is to produced bio-oil from biomass. One of the potential biomass which used as raw material for bio-oil is Terminalia catappa. Biomass can be converted to bio-oil by the way of pyrolysis. The purpose of this study determine the effect of developing of metal (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) and variation of Mo/NZA catalyst to produce bio-oil and characterized the physical and chemical properties bio-oil. Pyrolysis of Terminalia catappa with Mo/NZA catalyst in the slurry reactor has been done by feeding 50 grams of Terminalia catappa with the size -100+200 mesh, silinap 500 ml, variation in levels of catalyst 1%, 2%, 3% w/w of the feedstock, at 320oC for 120 minutes. The results showed that the optimum yield obtained on 0.5% Mo/NZA catalyst in level of catalyst 3%, amounting to 68.53%. The test results showed that the physical properties of density 0.979 g/ml, viscosity 3.27 cSt, flash point 52°C and acidity 48.49 mg NaOH/gram of sample. The results of chemical analysis by GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil were acetaldehyde 6,98%; acetic acid 58.42%; 2-propanone 11.04%; propanoic acid 4.36% and 2-furancarboxaldehyde 5.55%.Keywords: Alternative energy, Biomass, Bio-oil, Mo/NZA, Pyrolysis, Terminalia catappa

Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi Pada Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas) Menggunakan Katalis La/Lempung Muhammad Sulthon Siregar; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Jatropha curcas is used as a raw material for making biodiesel because the oil content of jatropha seeds is quite high around 30-50%. In this study, the transeterification of Jatropha oil into biodiesel has been conducted using La/Clay catalyst. This catalyst is made by clay activated using a NaOH base solution with concentrations 1N, 2N, and 3N and impregnated using metal La 1%, 3%, and 5% w/w. La/Clay catalysts were characterized using SEM-EDX and BET. The catalyst obtained proved has a surface area of 6.37 m2/g. La/Clay catalyst is used as a catalyst in the transesterification reaction with a variation of reaction time (120 minutes, 150 minutes and 180 minutes). Effect of catalyst activation, metal La impregnation, and time of transeterification reaction on biodiesel yield has studied. From the results obtained, the best condition was the activation of clay catalyst activation using NaOH 3N, 5% lanthanum metal impregnation, and 180 minutes of transesterification reaction time, obtained 84,64% biodiesel yield. The produced biodiesel fulfilled SNI 7182:2015 having characteristics: density 884 kg/m3, viscosity 4.08 cSt, acid number 0.46 mg-KOH/g, and flash point 136 °C.Keywords: biodiesel, jatropha curcas oil, la/clay, transesterification, yield

Sintesis Katalis Basa Na2SiO3/Fe3O4 Untuk Reaksi Transesterifikasi Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Menjadi Biodiesel Tarsensius Wabady Happy Limbong; Edy Saputra; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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This research aims to derive biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) through transesterification using heterogeneous base catalyst Na2SiO3/Fe3O4. Catalyst Na2SiO3/Fe3O4 was synthesized from fly ash palm oil, sodium hydroxide, and iron powder. Tranesterification operated under reaction temperature is 60°C (±2) for 2 hours, with stirring 300 rpm. The highest yield of biodiesel is 95.83% under the transesterification methanol/WCO molar ratio 1:10, loading catalyst 3%-w. Density (40°C) of biodiesel is 886.85 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity (40°C) is 5.87 mm2/s, flash point is 204°C, acid value is 0.74 mg-KOH/g-biodiesel, and water content is 0.36%.Keyword: Biodiesel, Esterification, Catalyst, Transesterification, WCO.

Pembuatan Bio-Oil Dari Tandan Kosong Sawit Dan Pelepah Sawit Dengan Teknologi Pirolisis Menggunakan Katalis Ni/NZA Anwar Sumianto; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Estimated consumption of petroleum will increase until 2015 reached 610 million barrel, while supply production of petroleum decrease untill 280 million barrel at 2025 years.. Therefore, there was estimated that oil stock will run out about 24 years away. Consesquently, it was necesarry alternative fuels to replace petroleum oil, one of them was by converting biomass into bio-oil with pyrolysis technology and catalyst. The purposes of this research was to determined physical and chemical characteristic of bio-oil that produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches and palm fronds, determined the effect of impregnation Ni metal to the resulting yield, and then determined the effect of the amount of catalyst to bio-oil yield. Pyrolisis processes carried out 50 gram oil palm empty fruit bunches or palm fronds (-100 + 200 mesh), Ni/NZA with ratio of metal (0%,1 %, 2% and 3% by weight percetage) and ratio of weight catalyst (3%, 5 % and 7 % by weight percetage) and 500 ml silinap at 3200C, stirred 300 rpm with nitrogen gas flow. The highest yield obtained on theratio weight of catalyst used 7% and 3% ratio of Ni metal were amounted at 67,9% for oil palm empty fruit bunches and 56,2% for palm fronds. Characteristic of the production of bio-oil were 1,014 gr/ml density, 9,096 cSt viscosity, the acid number was 43,10 mg NaOH/gr sample and flash point at 510C for empty fruit brunches, were 0,991 gr/ml density, 7,370 cSt viscosity, the acid number was 23,929 mg NaOH/gr sample and flash point at 540C for palm fronds. From the GC-MS analysist, the dominant compound from bio-oil were 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, 5,5-dimethyl 2-hexene, 3-(3.3-dimethylbutyl)-cyclohexanone and 1-ethyl-1-methyl cyclohexane. Keywords : bio-oil, catalyst Ni/NZA, palm frond, palm empty fruit bunches, and pyrolysis

Pemanfaatan Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel Menjadi Triacetin Melalui Proses Esterifikasi Menggunakan Katalis Fly Ash Nur Khairiati; Zuchra Helwani; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel that produced 10% of the total volume of biodiesel products. Glycerol can be processed into economic product such as triacetin . Triacetin made by estherification process of glycerol and acetic acid with the aid of flya ash as catalyst. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the catalyst fly ash and determine the influence of process variables (concentration of catalyst, reactant mole ratios and estherification time) on glycerol conversion. Catalyst concentration used were 1%, 2% and 3%. The mole ratio of glycerol: Acetic acid were 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9. Estherification time used were 1. 2 and 3 hours. Characteristic of fly ash catalyst such as surface area, the acidity and degree of crystallinity increased after activation. The highest conversion obtained was 53,33% at the operating conditions of catalyst concentration 3%, the mole ratio of reactant 1:9 and estherification time 3 hours. The increasing of catalyst concentration, mole ratio of reactant and estherification time increased the conversion of glycerol.Keywords: biodiesel, estherification, fly ash, glycerol, triacetin.

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