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Comparison of effectiveness of Salvadora Persica whitening toothpaste with commercial whitening toothpaste at removing stain Erlina Sih Mahanani; Erry Mochamad Arief; Samantha Victoria Samuel
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 21, No 3 (2009): November 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (238.399 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol21no3.14109

Abstract

The miswak, a traditional chewing stick for cleaning teeth, is made from the plant Salvadora persica. It contains a wide range of healthy components in maintaining good oral hygiene. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of whitening toothpaste containing Salvadora persica extract at removing tea and chlorhexidine stain by comparing with one of commercially available whitening toothpaste and drinking water as a control group. A randomized experimental study was done. The standard method cycled clear acrylic specimens through artificial saliva, 0.2% chlorhexidine and tea on the hour 8 times per day and stain were measured using a spectrophotometer to achieve baseline reading. Test interventions were 2 whitening kinds of toothpaste; whitening toothpaste containing Salvadora persica extract (group A), commercial whitening toothpaste (group B) and drinking water as a control group (group C). Treatment interventions were done at 09:00 and 16:00 by exposing the specimens to slurries of each treatment for 2 minutes. The specimens remained in the artificial saliva between each cycles day and night. At the end of the day, the stain was assessed by spectrophotometer and Lobene Stain Index. The comparison of total stain removal assessed by spectrophotometer on day 5 between all groups was significant (p=0.007). The median of total stain removal and visual assessment recording using Lobene stain index showed Salvadora persica whitening toothpaste scored more reduction of staining followed by commercial whitening toothpaste and then control group. As a conclusion, the whitening toothpaste containing Salvadora persica is more effective at removing tea and chlorhexidine stain.
Antimicrobial activities of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil against several oral pathogens and its volatile compounds Henny Zaliyana Ahmad Kamal; Tuan Nadrah Naim Tuan Ismail; Erry Mochamad Arief; Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 32, No 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol32no1.24966

Abstract

Introduction: Cymbopogon nardus is a strong aromatic plant with relevant medicinal properties due to its essential chemical compounds and its potential therapeutic effects. This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of citronella essential oil against several oral pathogens and to identify the volatile compounds. Methods: The essential oil of C. nardus was purchased from Excellent Wisdom Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia. The source of raw material was collected from Malacca, the southern region of Malaysia, and the company made its taxonomic identification. An experimental in-vitro study was conducted on the essential oil processed from C. nardus genus Cymbopogon of Poaceae family. The in-vitro antimicrobial activities of C. nardus essential oil were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus sobrinus (ATCC 33478), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) using agar well diffusion assay. The identification of the volatile compounds was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The C. nardus essential oil exhibited inhibitory activity against C. albicans at the concentration of 6.25%, whereby the inhibitory activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus began at the concentration of 25%. The antimicrobial activity of C. nardus essential oil was statistically significant at the concentration of 50% in all tested pathogens. The GC-MS analysis of the C. nardus essential oil revealed the presence of few constituents, which include monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds. Monoterpenes were the major identified terpenoids and contributed to 54.45% of the total volatile composition. The main identified monoterpenes were citronellal (11.35%), z-Citral (11.34%), β-Myrcene (6.70%), and β-Trans-ocimene (6.03%), which was the first time β-Myrcene and β-Trans-ocimene was found in high percentage. Conclusion: C. nardus essential oil is an active antibacterial agent against several oral pathogens, and the percentages of active volatile compounds are different within different origins.
Oral health care practice of women with pregnancy experience Anne Agustina Suwargiani; Erry Mochamad Arief; Dudi Aripin; Sunardhi Widyaputra; Sri Susilawati
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 32, No 3 (2020): November 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol32no3.30312

Abstract

Introduction: Oral health of pregnant women is essential due to the physiological, psychological, and immune response changes. Oral health-related prenatal services, however, are still insufficient. There are some deficiencies in health care and health promotion activities provided for pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the oral health care practice of women with pregnancy experience. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted towards Indonesian women with pregnancy experience—sample size calculation was conducted using the survey population to estimate the population proportion formula. Inclusion criteria were women with pregnancy experience, owns mobile phones, able to access the Google® Form questionnaire, and willing to take part in the study. Exclusion criteria were women with pregnancy experience who did not complete the Google® Form questionnaire and women who were having a miscarriage or stillborn. Sampling technique was performed using the non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling technique in August until September 2019. Data collection using questionnaire in form of Google® Form questionnaire and distributed online to women who has pregnancy experience throughout Indonesia. Results: The respondents were grouped in three age categories: 22-34 years, 35-44 years, and 45-65 years. Respondents came from 45 cities throughout Indonesia. 62.70% of pregnant women had never visited the dentist. Pregnant women who have visited the dentist were only 37.30%. Pregnant women visited the dentist because they experience a toothache, while the reason for most pregnant women did not visit the dentist because they dd not have any oral health complaints. Conclusion: 62.70% of pregnant women had never visited the dentist. Pregnant women who have visited the dentist were only 37.30%. Women with pregnancy experience mostly have oral health care to treat their oral health complaints. However, the majority of them never visits the dentist because they did not have any oral health complaints.
Arterial stiffness in patients with localized and generalized severe chronic periodontitis: A preliminary study Erry Mochamad Arief; Ho Ting Khee; Asia Rehman; Akram Hassan; Mohd. Fadhli Khamis
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 21, No 3 (2009): November 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (168.83 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol21no3.14111

Abstract

A relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported in several studies. This association was explained based on the chronic systemic inflammatory response which may lead to arterial stiffness in chronic periodontitis (CP). To compare arterial stiffness as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) between patients with localized severe CP (LSCP) and generalized severe CP (GSCP). Five patients with LSCP and 12 patients with GSCP were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Subjects were excluded if they had systemic diseases other than CP. Diagnosis of LSCP and GSCP was made based on probing depth and radiographic bone loss. Carotid-femoral PWV was measured using the Complior® machine. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Carotid-femoral PWV was higher among patients with GSCP as compared to those with LSCP although the difference did not reach a significant level. Median (interquartile range) PWV was 7.5 (1.50) and 7.0 (1.03) m/sec respectively in patients with GSCP and LSCP (p = 0.224). Among patients with CP, aorta is stiffer in GSCP than in LSCP
Serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) in chronic periodontitis patients Erry Mochamad Arief; Marina binti Mubin; Siti Lailatul Akmar Zainuddin; Nurul Asma Abdullah; Basaruddin Ahmad
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 29, No 3 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (170.659 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol29no3.14663

Abstract

Introduction: Explorations into the periodontal medicine relationship have discovered interleukin-17 (IL-17) cytokine as one of the pro-inflammatory mediators that play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of the chronic periodontal disease. This case and control study aimed to compare the serum IL-17 concentration between chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects and to assess the relationship between the IL-17 serum and the clinical periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: This study was a case-control study. The subjects were selected using purposive sampling method. The periodontal screening assessment in the Family Treatment Center and Postgraduate Dental Clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. A total of 55 samples who fit with the inclusion and exclusion study criteria of full-mouth clinical periodontal records together with blood serums were obtained from 28 chronic periodontitis patients and from 27 healthy subjects. The concentration of IL-17 cytokine in serum was measured using ELISA test. Results: Subjects with periodontal disease presented significantly worse clinical parameters (p<0.001) compared to control. The level of serum IL-17 concentration was significantly higher (p=0.026) in chronic periodontitis subjects 3.6 (1.03) pg/mL compared to the control 3.1 (0.70) pg/mL. Conclusions: There was no correlation between the level of IL-17 concentration in the serum and clinical periodontal parameters.