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All Journal Makara Journal of Technology
Widodo Wahyu Purwanto
Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI-Depok, 16424, Telp. 021-7863516
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Cradle to Gate Simple Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production in Indonesi Hidayatno, Akhmad; M. Zagloel, Teuku Yuri; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu; Carissa, Carissa; Anggraini, Lindi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 15, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The focus of this research is to analyze potential environmental impact in the supply chain of palm oil biodiesel industries. Simple Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is applied to analyze impacts, produced by the three main units in the supply chain of Palm-Oil-based Biodiesel, which are Palm Plantation, CPO mill, and Biodiesel Plant. We developed LCA calculation model using spreadsheet software, used to assess a number of input scenarios to evaluate the best scenario, in variation of: land quality, land area and the rate of clearing, land clearing technique and type of the original land. The biggest potential environmental impact is the contribution to global warming impact which emissions are produced mostly from unit plantation. Although plantation has biggest potential to contribute to environmental impact, it also gives biggest reduction to global warming impact. In general, the biggest environmental impact in the LCA category is climate change, followed by photo-oxidant formation and eutrophication. The biggest impacts in the supply chain are from the plantation, especially when choosing the right technique for land clearing. In addition, due to LCA linearity nature, the scenario that we tested does not change the total accumulative environmental impacts.
Natural Gas as Petroleum Fuel Substitution: Analysis of Supply-Demand Projections, Infrastructures, Investments and End-User Prices Tjandranegara, Abdul Qoyum; Arsegianto, Arsegianto; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 15, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The petroleum fuels (PF) subsidy has long burdens the government spending, and discourages less expensive energy usage such as natural gas (NG). Exporting NG and importing the more expensive PF products cause financial losses to Indonesia. The lack of NG infrastructure is the main hurdle in maximizing domestic NG usage and so does the perception of its high investment costs burdening government spending and pushing the NG transportation cost up. This study calculates the required NG infrastructure and its investments for several levels of PF substitutions up to 2030. To balance the NG demands, the supply from each field and its corresponding infrastructures needed was calculated and optimized using non-linear programming with generalized reduced gradient method to calculate the lowest transportation cost for the consumers. The study shows with a favorable return on investments attractive to private investors, the NG prices can still be put much lower than PF prices, allowing subsidy, import and production cost savings in many sectors. Furthermore, the highest level of substitution scenario needs only US$ 2.07 billion a year investment, very low compare to the current US$ 14.17 billion a year PF and electricity subsidy.
Production Optimization for Plan of Gas Field Development Using Marginal Cost Analysis Soemardan, Suprapto; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu; Arsegianto, Arsegianto
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 17, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Gas production rate is one of the most important variables affecting the feasibility plan of gas field development. It take into account reservoir characteristics, gas reserves, number of wells, production facilities, government take and market conditions. In this research, a mathematical model of gas production optimization has been developed using marginal cost analysis in determining the optimum gas production rate for economic profit, by employing the case study of Matindok Field. The results show that the optimum gas production rate is mainly affected by gas price duration and time of gas delivery. When the price of gas increases, the optimum gas production rate will increase, and then it will become closer to the maximum production rate of the reservoir. Increasing the duration time of gas delivery will reduce the optimum gas production rate and increase maximum profit non-linearly.
Application of Fiscal Incentives for Development of East Natuna Gas Field for Long-Term National Natural Gas Demand Batubara, Marwan; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu; Fauzi, Akhmad
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 19, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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East Natuna gas field, which has proven reserves of 46 trillion cubic feet, is projected to meet long-term natural gas needs. However, CO2-content of the gas reserves reaches 71%, leading to expensive development costs. This research investigates the feasibility of the field based on several fiscal incentives. Firstly, gas supply-demand until year 2040 was analyzed. Then, based on the analysis, the field was developed using high CO2 gas separation technology to produce gas of 1300 MMSCFD in 2023, 2600 MMSCFD in 2031, and 3900 MMSCFD in 2039. Finally, the economic feasibility was assessed using cash flow analysis in accordance with Indonesia’s production sharing contract scheme. The results show that the supply-demand gap continues to increase and thus the development is urgently needed. The development cost is estimated around US$ 27.59 billion. The gas selling prices are assumed at US$ 8/MMBTU for wellhead, US$ 11/MMBTU for pipelines, and US$ 11/MMBTU for LNG. To achieve minimum IRR value of 12%, the government needs to offer incentives of 30-year contract period, profit sharing of 55%: 45%, first tranche petroleum to 10%, and tax holiday of 10 years. Toll fee for Natuna-Cirebon pipeline is US$ 2.3/MMBTU at IRR of 12.6%.
Co-Authors Akhmad Fauzi Akhmad Hidayatno Arsegianto Arsegianto Carissa Carissa, Carissa Indar Kustiningsih Ismail Marzuki Kamarza Mulia, Kamarza Lindi Anggraini, Lindi Marwan Batubara, Marwan Mubarokah Nuriaini Dewi Praswasti PDK Wulan, Praswasti PDK Setijo Bismo Slamet . Suprapto Soemardan, Suprapto Teuku Yuri M. Zagloel Tjandranegara, Abdul Qoyum Widiatmini Sih Winanti Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuswan Muharam