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All Journal Humaniora Rubikon: Journal of Transnational American Studies Lexicon EDULITE: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture Journal of Language and Literature Adabiyyat: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra

Muh Arif Rokhman

Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Author-ID : 363492

Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

Published : 22 Documents Claim Missing Document

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Articles

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DEBUNKING THE POST-RACIAL NOTION: A RACIAL PREJUDICE STUDY IN AMERICAN SOCIETY AS REFLECTED IN ANGIE THOMAS’ THE HATE U GIVE Yusrina Dinar Prihatika; Muh Arif Rokhman
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 7, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Today, America is still busy with the problems of inequality, which include racial prejudice.The Hate U Give brings social issues that are rife to people of color, especially African Americans. In her novel, Thomas illustrates the injustice that had happened to the African American community because of the racial profiling that was carried out by white people. The writer uses descriptive analysis method in finding the meaning behind a literary work. The writer also conducts the study using Racial Prejudice theory by McLemore to see the types of prejudice in society. The writer also elaborates it with Du Bois’ Double Consciousness in analyzing racial prejudice towards African Americans. The study found out that perceived injustice is still often obtained by African Americans, where they still cannot have their rights as citizens in the United States, such as educational equality, economics, and legal protection. This prejudice is caused by the existence of social class conditions which are constrained by the majority race which tries to maintain its position as a 'ruler' in American society, the other factor is by the spreading Post-Racial ideology where the majority of people think that talking about racial issues is no longer relevant.

SPIRITUAL HIBRIDITY OF NATIVE AMERICAN IN LOUIS EDRICH’S THE ROUND HOUSE: POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES Achmad Faqih; Muh Arif Rokhman
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 7, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Louis Edrich is a contemporary Native American writer who writes The Round House. The novel portrays the complexities of individual and cultural identity, focuses on the exigencies of marginalization and cultural survival, which happened to Native Americans, as well as concerns about spirituality and the hybrid form of religion, known as spiritual hybridity. Spiritual hybridity appears to be common practices for Native Americans after the arrival of European and the massive spreading of Christianity. This study is conducted to probe the representation of the spiritual hybridity of Native Americans. The novel is examined using Bhabha’s theory on Hybridity. The dialogue and narration in the form of words, phrases, and sentences in the novel are treated as a data source representing the spiritual hybridity of Native Americans. The analysis results in the representation of the spiritual hybridity of Native Americans,which can be considered as their defense against Christian hegemony. Besides, the representation of spiritual hybridity, as a form of third space, occurs due to a mixture of religious beliefs committed by Native Americans after experiencing religious oppression or discrimination. Spiritual hybridity can be concluded as a new pattern of the struggle and resistance of Native Americans to fight for their tradition. Nowadays, spiritual hybridity for Native American remains a form of resistance towards Christian hegemony.

RESHAPING THE HOMOSEXUAL IDENTITY OF MIDDLE-AGED GAY MEN IN AMERICA: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF IDENTITY PROCESS ON ANDREW SEAN GREER’S LESS Fairuz Su'da; Muh Arif Rokhman
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 7, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The detrimental effects caused by the LGBT victimization in America are directly felt by middle-aged homosexuals nowadays and is internalized into their identity, creating problems that continuously affect them even after LGBT acceptance in the United States. The shift of homosexual identity in middle-aged American homosexuals is thus inevitable in order to regain their identity balance. Andrew Sean Greer’s Less depicts this issue through the internal conflicts of Arthur Less —a character struggling to accept his identity as an aging homosexual man. Arthur’s process in assimilating new experiences around him and accommodating his conceptionabout his homosexual identity become the highlights of this study. The writer utilizes Susan Krauss Whitbourne’s Identity Process Theory that deals with identity assimilation, identity accommodation, and identity balance. The result shows that past LGBT victimization has caused (1) HIV/AIDS trauma, (2) hyper-sexualized image, (3) cynicism towards marriage, and (4) internalized homonegativity, all of which creating the balance disruption on identity. When identity assimilation fails and identity accommodation occurs, middle-aged American homosexuals are encouraged to acknowledge that (1) homosexual identity exists beyond stereotyped sexual context, (2) there are no standardized attitudes that they must adopt, and (3) they are allowed to desire the same sense of comfort and intimacy through committed relationship or marriage, like their heterosexual counterparts.

CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM AS IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS IN AMERICAN DYSTOPIAN NOVELS Anna Sriastuti; Ida Rochani Adi; Muh. Arif Rokhman
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 8, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Literature reflects the history of people's lives, which includes lifestyle, culture, language, desires, and important events in people's lives. Dystopia novels cannot be separated from discussions about authoritarian government, restraints on people's freedom, criticism of the development of technology and information, exploitation and the class system, and the arbitrariness of the rulers. Despite telling a bad world, Dystopian novels proved popular in America, a country that promised freedom, equality, and freedom to its citizens. The possibility of different realities captured by American popular novelists who differ from their imaginations gave birth to dystopian novels that are popular in American society. Thus, this study is important to analyse Capitalism and Socialism as ideological constructions in American dystopian novels through Fahrenheit 451, The Handmaid’s Tale, Uglies, and The Hunger Games. This research will formulate an understanding of whether or not American dystopian novels confirm or negate the ideology of Capitalism and the ideology of Socialism.

Imposition, adoption, and resistance in Lynne Kutsukake’s The Translation of Love: A postcolonial approach Bhakti Satrio Nugroho; Muhammad Arif Rokhman
EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture Vol 5, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

This paper, which is under Transnational American Studies and Postcolonial Studies, aims to analyze a process of creating a colonial culture which involves cultural imposition, adoption, and resistance in Lynne Kutsukake’s The Translation of Love. This novel depicts postwar Japanese society that lives under American power after the end of World War II while undergo kyodatsu (the period of an economic, social and moral crisis caused by the war). This paper is a qualitative research that utilizes three theories, including cultural imposition, mimicry and symbolic resistance. The finding, shows the devaluation of Japanese cultural identity which used to oppose the claim of “otherness” by the West. In cultural imposition, the United States manages to impose American ideology, language, lifestyle, customs and fashion through various ways such as media, social interaction, social obligation and school curriculum. Meanwhile, in cultural adoption, postwar Japanese adopt American cultures in which it asserts that there is a shift of postwar Japanese cultural orientation that tends to celebrate American culture as a “sign of liberation”. Then, in symbolic resistance, postwar Japanese resistance toward the United States as the occupying power is only manifested in subversive everyday gestures which include covert and overt form. In short, this analysis shows that, during U.S. occupation, postwar Japan only becomes “a pawn” in the United States’ postwar plan for global dominance by rebuilding a new Japanese society under American influence.

Tolerance and Intolerance of Muslims in Australia in Abdel-Fattah’s Does My Head Look Big in This? Shofi Ayudiana; Muh. Arif Rokhman
Lexicon Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v6i1.50309

Australiais a multicultural country which claims themselves accept and respect the right of all people in Australia. However, its multiculturalism is questioned when the Australian people still treat Muslims with negative stereotypes and discrimination. This research examines the image of the Australian people towards Australian Muslims as represented in Randa Abdel-Fattah’s novel Does My Head Look Big in This? This study is a library research employing the theory of representation (Hall, 1997). The results show that the Australian people are both tolerant and intolerant to Muslims. People who are tolerant manifest their behaviors by having respectful attitudes, positive images of Muslims, and curiosity of Muslims and Islam. On the other hand, people who are intolerant express their behaviors in the forms of disrespectful attitudes, negative stereotypes, and discrimination towards Muslims.

A Journey to Ethical Life: A Moral Reading of Shakespeare’s Othello through the Nasirean Ethics of Naṣir Al-Din Al-Ṭuṣi Mochammad Dwi Teguh Prasetya; Muh. Arif Rokhman
Lexicon Vol 6, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v6i2.53148

This research is an attempt of offering a moral reading of Shakespeare’s Othello through The Nasirean Ethics (Akhlaq-i Naṣiri) by Naṣir Al-Din Al-Ṭuṣi. It aims to analyse the ethical life of the characters in it, how virtues and vices of a human soul are being reflected, as well as the social and political life in Othello as reflected by the interaction of its characters. In conducting the research, excerpts from the play are accordingly collected and investigated, and for the primary discussion, the selective materials from The Nasirean Ethics of Al-Ṭuṣi are employed. The result of the research shows that in man’s existence within the universe, cultivating virtue and removing vices are things of most importance. Othello, Iago, and Roderigo are perplexed by the vices of the soul, a quality when the golden mean of virtue is not at equilibrium. In social and political life, the ethical components of justice and love are necessary as well as the presence of law, just arbitrator, and money. This research suggests that the cultivation of morality and ethics should be the ground of every civilization.

Joan’s Neurotic Trends and Idealized Image in Margaret Atwood’s Lady Oracle Umi Hanifah; Muh. Arif Rokhman
Lexicon Vol 7, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v7i1.64591

This research attempts to figure out the development of neurosis in Joan Elizabeth Delacourt’s case, the leading character of Margaret Atwood’s Lady Oracle. It applies Karen Horney’s theory of neurosis as the basis to determine whether the main character of the novel is adequately portrayed as a neurotic person. This research focuses on four basic elements of neurosis: basic anxiety and hostility, neurotic trends, neurotic conflict, and idealized image. It begins with the analysis of Joan’s childhood and teenage experiences which are believed to be the primary step of her basic anxiety and hostility formation. The next part is Joan’s neurotic trends development which will be analyzed at the moment when she finally met her future husband, Arthur. Accordingly, neurotic conflict and idealized image appear to complete the evidences that Joan is a neurotic.

Asian Americans’ Views of their Identities as Asians in Eleanor & Park: A Socio-Psychological Approach Aulia Nur Afifah; Muh Arif Rokhman
Lexicon Vol 8, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v8i1.73917

This research analyzes how Asian American characters, Mindy Sheridan, Park Sheridan, and Josh Sheridan, in the novel Eleanor & Park view their identities as Asians. This research aims to understand how Asian American characters view their identities as Asians and what factors influence their views. The analysis of this research was conducted using the social psychology approach supported by Tajfel and Turner’s (2004) social identity theory and Atkinson, Morten, and Sue’s (1998) minority identity development model. This research shows that Asian American characters’ views of their identity as Asian are influenced by the values believed by the dominant group in their social environment.

MEMORI, TRAUMA, DAN UPAYA REKONSILIASI PERANG TELUK II DALAM NOVEL SĀ’ATU BAGDĀD KARYA SYAHAD AL-RĀWIY Arofah Arofah; Muh. Arif Rokhman
Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajbs.2020.04201

Sā’atu Bagdād (2016) is a novel by Syahad al-Rāwiy which captures the dark events of Gulf War II which involved Iraq, Kuwait, the United States, and the United States coalition countries that began in 1990. This novel is divided into two parts, namely the past relating to the life of the main subject during Gulf War II and the future related to post-war life. The problem in this research is how the author reconstructs the memory and trauma that causes the subject's psychological shock and how the subject makes reconciliation efforts on the memory and trauma that befell him. To study this, the analytical descriptive method and the theory of Halbwachs memory, Caruth's trauma, and working through LaCapra were used. The results of this study indicate that the incident of Gulf War II is a personal traumatic memory that becomes the collective memory of the Iraqi people. Traumatic memories are narrated in the events of bunker protection in 1991, embargo sanctions, and subsequent war. The overlapping event caused the subject to experience back trauma, such as flashbacks, war phobia, and diaspora simulations. As for reducing the memory and trauma that continues to rage, the subject does the working-through in two ways: first, efforts to distance and let go of the past through diasporic experience and synchronizing with the new world, and second, to testify by writing novels and finding the right partner.

Co-Authors Achmad Faqih Arofah Arofah Aulia Nur Afifah Bhakti Satrio Nugroho Bhakti Satrio Nugroho Fairuz Su'da Hanung Adi Nugroho Ida Rochani Adi Indriyanto, Kristiawan Mochammad Dwi Teguh Prasetya Rif'ah Inayati Rizqy A.R. Ahmad Shofi Ayudiana Umi Hanifah Yusrina Dinar Prihatika

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