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<![CDATA[TO DWELL AND TO REINHABIT: KIANA DAVENPORTSâS HOUSE OF MANY GODS AS BIOREGIONAL LITERATURE ]]>
<![CDATA[Indriyanto, Kristiawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Berumpun International Journal of Social, Politics and Humanities ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Social and Political Sciences University of Bangka Belitung ]]>
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DOI: 10.33019/berumpun.v1i1.6
<![CDATA[Environmental degradation has become a pivotal issue in Hawaiâi nowadays. The policies of United Statesâgovernment and military has shaped the Hawaiâian ecology. Through the process of ecological imperialism,started from the beginning of American colonialism, both the Hawaiâianâs landscape and their connection withthe environment is disrupted. Modern Hawaiâian ecology nowadays is a postcolonial ecology, which was, andstill is molded by the American imperial power. As a product of colonialism, Hawaiâiansâ have becomealienated with their ancestral traditions, especially regarding interrelation between human and non-human.Taking cues from Lawrence Buellâs assertion that environmental crisis is a crisis of the imagination, modernHawaiâian literature tries to reorient humanânon human relationship from indigenous Hawaiâianepistemology. As seen in Kiana Davenportâs the House of Many Gods, traditional Hawaiâian perspective isreimagined to reterritorialize Hawaiâians in their previous environmental outlook, before the arrival of theAmericans. This study argues that by several bioregional concepts such as dwelling, and reinhabit, KianaDavenportâs the House of Many Gods can be stated as a bioregional literature. ]]>
<![CDATA[LOCATING DIGITAL LITERATURE IN WORLD LITERATURE: A CASE OF QUARTERLY LITERARY REVIEW SINGAPORE ]]>
<![CDATA[Indriyanto, Kristiawan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 2, No 1 (2018): September 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v2i1.1506
<![CDATA[Participants in an interaction risk their sense of face in every action (Goffman, 1967). Requests, by definition, are face-threatening acts (Brown and Levinson, 1978). In making a request, a speaker not only threatens the hearer’s negative face as he impinges on the hearer’s claim to freedom of action; he also threatens his positive face as he exposes himself to the possibility of being denied or rejected. In order to minimize this possibility, the speaker has to present himself in such a way that the hearer would have a positive impression of him. This paper examined letters of request written by students of a university in Metro Manila for noticeable forms of self-presentation. Following Goffman’s thesis (1956) that self-presentation is a tangible component of identity, this paper analyzed lexico-syntactic patterns, and impression management strategies utilized by the writers to express their communicative intention (make a request), and construct an identity deemed necessary in attaining the hearer’s approval.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.020103]]>
<![CDATA[HAWAII’S ECOLOGICAL IMPERIALISM: POSTCOLONIAL ECOCRITICISM READING ON KIANA DAVENPORT’S SHARK DIALOGUES ]]>
<![CDATA[Indriyanto, Kristiawan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 2, No 2 (2019): March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v2i2.1724
<![CDATA[Recent studies of postcolonialism have explored the interconnection between postcolonial and environmental/eco-criticism. Studies from Huggan (2004), Nixon (2005), Cilano and DeLoughrey (2007) counter the underlying assumption that these criticisms stand in opposition toward each other by pointing out the overlapping areas of interest between postcolonial and ecocriticism and the complementary aspect of these two criticisms (Buell, 2011). Postcolonial ecocriticism, as theorized by Huggan and Tiffin (2010) and DeLoughrey and Handley (2011) asserts the intertwined correlation between environmental degradation and the marginalization of the minority/indigenous ethic groups which inhabit a particular place. The underlying capitalist and mechanistic ideologies in which nature is perceived only of their intrinsic values and usefulness toward (Western) humans illustrates total disregard to the original owner of the colonized land, the indigenous people. This perspective is underlined by Serpil Oppermann’s (2007) concept of ecological imperialism to underline the anthropocentric perspective that legitimate Western domination toward the colonies’ natural resources. Although discussion of postcolonial ecocriticism has encompassed diverse regions such as Caribbean, Africa and Asia, scant attention has been given toward Pacific archipelago especially Hawai’i. Through reading on Kiana Davenport’s Shark Dialogues (1994), this paper explores how American colonialism results in ecological imperialism in this island chain. It is hoped that this analysis can contribute toward enriching the discussion on postcolonial ecocriticism.DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.2019.020202]]>
<![CDATA[BEYOND THE PASTORAL: ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGINATION IN O.A BUSHNELL’S KA’A’AWA ]]>
<![CDATA[Indriyanto, Kristiawan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 4, No 1 (2020): September 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v4i1.2255
<![CDATA[This paper explores the environmental imagination in O.A Bushnell’s Ka’a’awa through his representation of pastoralism. A Hawaiian novelist, Bushnell conceptualizes his idea of pastoral based on the Hawai’ians’ traumatic experience with the Western colonial powers. Different with the Anglo-American discourse of pastoralism which emphasizes more on the individual self and the reorientation toward the natural world in rural area, Bushnell foregrounds the far-reaching impact of colonialism which affects even the periphery of O’ahu island. The titular village of Ka’a’awa, previously a sacred place where the inhabitants with the blessing of Hawai’ian gods lived bountiful with nature also suffers the outbreak of Western diseases. Instead of a place for reorientation and rejuvenation, Bushnell’s concept of pastoralism in Ka’a’awa evoke the traumatic experience of the islanders in which the picturesque landscape of Hawai’i represents the silent witness towards the desolation of Hawai’ian archipelago. To reiterate, this paper argues how Bushnell orients his work within the socio-historical background of Hawai’i and deliver a critique towards the impact of colonialism towards the islanders through his conception of pastoral.]]>
<![CDATA[Interrogating Canonical World English Literature: Journey to the West and Romance of the Three Kingdoms ]]>
<![CDATA[Indriyanto, Kristiawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS) Vol 3, No 1 (2017): March 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Kajian Bahasa Inggris (English Language Studies) Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogy ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v3i1.572
<![CDATA[This paper aims to chart how literary work of non-Western origin is incorporated into World English Literature by giving example of two Chinese Classic Novels. Among the Chinese Classic Novels, Journey to the West is the novel that achieves wider popularity among Western scholars and canonized while other Chinese Classic Novels are not as popular especially among Western academia. The different reception is related also with how both novels are circulated, translated, and adapted from Chinese into English. The emphasis of this paper is to compare the issue of circulation, translation, and adaptation between Journey to the West and Romance of the Three Kingdoms as another Chinese Classic Novel. By comparing different issues of how both novels enter the Western World, this paper hopes to have an insight regarding how these two novels have different popularity among academic scholars.Keywords: charting World English Literature, Chinese classics novels]]>
<![CDATA[Positioning the Portrayal of White Protagonists in O.A Bushnell’s the Return of Lono and Ka’a’awa ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ida Rochani Adi]]>;
<![CDATA[Muh. Arif Rokhman]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Language and Literature Vol 21, No 1 (2021): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Sanata Dharma ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/joll.v21i1.2783
<![CDATA[This paper explores the role of literature in the post-truth age through reading on O.A Bushnell’s the Return of Lono and Ka’a’awa. A Hawai’ian novelist, Bushnell contextualizes the earliest interactions between the native Hawai’ian (Kanaka Maoli) and the white settlers which began with the arrival of Captain Cook’s expedition in 1778. Through his fictions, Bushnell underlines positive portrayal of the white characters to provide a counter-discourse to the generally accepted history of Hawai’ian colonialism. Through first person point of view, white characters become the central figure in both of Bushnell’s fictions. Through reading on O.A Bushnell’s narration, this paper aims to elaborate how the Hawai’ian natives also become a willing partner in western colonialism which highlights their colonial complicity. The concept of colonial complicity is employed to highlight the participation of the natives in promoting Western way of thinking. The analysis argues that although Bushnell contextualizes the complicity of the Hawai’ians in promoting Western discourse, resistance also occurs through creation of a hybrid culture. This paper concludes that in the post truth era, literature should always strive to uncover the truth based on subjective interpretation instead of abiding of a universal truth.]]>
<![CDATA[ARTICULATING THE MARGINALIZED VOICES: SYMBOLISM IN AFRICAN AMERICAN, HISPANIC, AND ASIAN AMERICAN LITERATURE ]]>
<![CDATA[kristiawan indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ British : Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Vol 9, No 2 (2020): SEPTEMBER ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo ]]>
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DOI: 10.31314/british.9.2.20-36.2020
<![CDATA[The present study contextualizes how symbolism is employed by writers of ethnically minority in the United States as an avenue of their agency and criticism against the dominant white perspective. The history of American minorities is marred with legacy of racial discrimination and segregation which highlights the inequality of race. Literature as a cultural production captures the experiences of the marginalized and the use of symbolism is intended to transform themes into the field of aesthetics. This study is a qualitative research which is conducted through the post-nationalist American Studies framework in order to focus on the minorities’ experience instead of the Anglo-Saxon outlook. The object of the study is three playscripts written from authors from Mexican-American, African-American and Asian-American to emphasize how discrimination is faced by multi-ethnic. The finding suggests how symbolism in these literary works intends to counter the stereotypical representation of Mexican-American, aligns with the passive resistance of the Civil Right Movement and subvert binary opposition of East and West which exoticizing the East. Keywords : minority literature in the U.S , symbolism, post-national]]>
<![CDATA[Manifestation of Colonial Discourse and Anthropocentric Outlook in James Michener’s Hawai’i ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAIN MADURA ]]>
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DOI: 10.19105/ojbs.v14i1.3185
<![CDATA[One of the foremost developments in literary criticism is the awareness that colonialism results in ecological devastation of the colonies through exploitation of nature. This phenomenon is legitimized through Western anthropocentric paradigm that considers nature merely as commodity to be utilized for humankind's benefit. This paper analyses the underlying Western colonial discourse that rationalizes ecological exploitation in Hawai'i based on the reading on James Michener's Hawai'i. With postcolonial ecocriticism as the framework, the present study focuses on the conflicts that arise between the islanders and the white settlers concerning human and non-human relationships. Western discourse promotes the superiority of their culture based on the privileged position in a binary opposition which is contrasted with the backwardness of the natives. The labelling of certain Hawai'ian traditions as pagan and heathen practice plays a pivotal role in articulating the Western anthropocentric paradigm in which the missionaries function as agent of colonialism. The culmination of Western colonial discourse manifests in the transformation of Hawai'ian landscape for capitalistic enterprise of agriculture and sugar plantation. This event also signifies the commodification in the landscape and centre-periphery relationship which underlines the economical exploitation of the colony.]]>
<![CDATA[Interrogating Canonical World English Literature: Journey to the West and Romance of the Three Kingdoms ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS) Vol 3, No 1 (2017): March 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Kajian Bahasa Inggris (English Language Studies) Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogy ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v3i1.572
<![CDATA[This paper aims to chart how literary work of non-Western origin is incorporated into World English Literature by giving example of two Chinese Classic Novels. Among the Chinese Classic Novels, Journey to the West is the novel that achieves wider popularity among West- ern scholars and canonized while other Chinese Classic Novels are not as popular especially among Western academia. The different reception is related also with how both novels are circulated, translated, and adapted from Chinese into English. The emphasis of this paper is to compare the issue of circulation, translation, and adaptation between Journey to the West and Romance of the Three Kingdoms as another Chinese Classic Novel. By comparing differ- ent issues of how both novels enter the Western World, this paper hopes to have an insight regarding how these two novels have different popularity among academic scholars.]]>
<![CDATA[Positioning the Pacific as a Disabling Environment: Reading of Kiana Davenport’s The House of Many Gods ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS) Vol 6, No 2 (2020): September 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister Kajian Bahasa Inggris (English Language Studies) Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogy ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v6i2.2860
<![CDATA[This study analyzes Kiana Davenport’s the House of Many Gods, a novel that contextualizes the issue of the nuclearized Pacific and the islanders’ exposure toward the toxic substance as an intersection between environmental/eco-criticism and disability studies. Deriving from Carrigan’s concept of disabling environment, this article foregrounds the continuation of western colonialism and nuclear militarism in the Pacific which is positioned as the periphery, far from the Western metropolitan center. The presence of nuclearized military installations in the Pacific articulates the unequal relationship between the metropolitan center and distant overseas colony in the Pacific as a site for experimentation. The novel dramatizes how the islanders are exposed toward dangerous and toxic substances which ravaged their bodies, denied their agency as healthy citizens, alienated them from their landscape (aina) and kept them in a state of continuous disablement. Employing Carrigan’s concept of disabling environment, this paper argues that the exploitation of indigenous people is legitimized under the guise of advancing Western scientific advancement. This study concludes that the Pacific islanders as it is represented in the House of Many Gods are instrumentalized as the ‘non-human’ in which their existence is necessary for the scientific progress of the Western powers.]]>
