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All Journal EUGENIA Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati
Christina L. Salaki
Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI INDIGENOUS (Bacillus Cereus FRANK.) SEBAGAI AGENSIA PENGENDALI HAYATI HAMA KUBIS Salaki, Christina L.
EUGENIA Vol 17, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.17.1.2011.94

Abstract

B. cereus strains were isolated from three district of North Sulawesi. The B. cereus strains are potentialindigenous bacteria for biological control agent against P. xylostella. The B. cereus strains were isolatedusing Ohba and Aizawa methods. Two hundred and two isolates putatively were isolated and identifiedas member of species B. cereus. Subseguently, representing isolates were selected to be screened forthe ability to kill P. xylostella. The screening test was conducted by using leaf depped methods with theconcentration of 1,22x108 spore/ml. The potential to kill test insect was assessed by mortality value. Theresult indicated that 10 isolates out of 15 of could produce mortality of insect from 50 to 100% afterexposure of 96 hours. It was confirmed that based on symptoms produced as well as bacterialcharacteristics reisolated from cadaver of test insect, the death of the test insects was certainly causedby application of bacterial isolates. It could be concluded that indigenous bacterial isolates identified tobe member of B. cereusare potential for biological control agent against P. xylostella. ABSTRAKUntuk memperoleh bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai agensia pengendali hayati hama Plutela.xylostelladilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri indigenous. (Bacillus cereus) yang diperoleh dari sampeltanah yang berasal dari tiga kabupaten di Sulawesi utara. Bakteri diisolasi dengan metode Ohba danaizawa. Dari 103 sampel tanah yang digunakan dapat diperoleh 202 isolat yang diidentifikasi sebagaianggota spesies B.cereus. Sebanyak 15 isolat dipilih untuk mewakili seluruh isolat dalam sereening ujikemampuan membunuh P.xylostella. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode pencelupan daun (leafdipped method) pada konsentrasi 1,22x108 spora/ml. Kemampuan membunuh serangga uji dinyatakandengan nilai mortalitas setelah pendedahan selama 96 jam. Ternyata hanya 10 isolat yang dapatmenimbulkan mortalitas serangga uji dengan kisaran 50%-100%. Berdasarkan gejala penyakit yangmuncul, karakteristik bakteri hasil reisolasi dari cadaver serangga mati menunjukkan bahwa kematianserangga uji dipastikan disebabkan oleh isolat bakteri yang diberikan. Disimpulkan, bahwa isolat bakteriindigenous anggota spesies B.cereus yang diperoleh berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi kandidatagensia pengendali hayati bagi serangga hama kubis P.xylostella.
POPULASI DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN Paraeucosmetus pallicornis PADA TANAMAN PADI DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN Kaparang, Christian L.; Pelealu, Jantje; Salaki, Christina L.
EUGENIA Vol 17, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.17.3.2011.3540

Abstract

ABSTRACT   The study aimed  to determine the population and attacking intensity of Paraeucosmetus pallicornis on rice based on the altitude in South Minahasa regency. Stratified sampling method was conducted  consisting of three strata namely 0-300 meters above sea level, >300-600 meters above sea level, and >600 meters above sea level. Sampling was collected by taking the diagonal of each 10 clump at different levels of plant age. The results showed that the highest average populations density of P. pallicornis was found  at altitude >600 m above sea level.  That was equal to 6.46 individuals per clump. In the altitude of  0-300 meters above sea level, average populations density was 6.07 individuals per clump. The lowest population was detected  at altitude >300-600 meters above sea level which was 6.03 individuals per clump. The attacking intensity of P. pallicornis was the highest at an altitude of 0-300 meters above sea level that is equal to 25.87 % per clump, followed by the altitude  >300-600 meters above sea level which was 24.12 % per clump.  The lowest was an altitude of >600 meters above sea level 23.77 % which was per clump. Keywords: rice, Paraeucosmetus pallicornis
APLIKASI METODE ARDRA DALAM IDENTIFIKASI ISOLAT Bacillus thuringiensis ENDOGENIK SEBAGAI PENGENDALI HAMA KUBIS (Crocidolomia binotalis) Salaki, Christina L.; Sembiring, Langkah
EUGENIA Vol 17, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.17.2.2011.3531

Abstract

ABSTRACT Indonesian indigenous bacterial isolates of B. thuringiensis pathogenic to cabbage pest (C. binotalis) were molecularly characterized and identified using DNA fingerprinting method of ARDRA (Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis). Chromosomal DNA of 10 selected isolates (SLK2.3, SRNG4.2, TKO1, TK9, YPPA1, UG1A, BLPPN8.2, YWKA1, BAU3.2, LPST1) and 2 reference strains (B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD1 & B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis H14) were isolated and purified by standard method. 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR method using universal primers of 27f and 1529r. PCR products were digested by 4 restriction endonucleases (EcoR1, HindIII, Pst1 dan HaeIII), and separated by agarose electrophoresis method to generate ARDRA profiles. Results of study showed that only ARDRA profiles generated by Hae III digestion were found to be meaningful and therefore used to identify the isolates. The ARDRA profile analysis indicated that the reference strain of B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD1 could be clearly separated with B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis H14. In fact, those two strains have been widely recognized to be different in terms of their pathogenic specifity against insects. B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD1 has been known to be specifically pathogenic to Lepidopteran whereas B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis H14 has been known to be specifically pathogenic to Dipteran. Key words : application, ARDRA, indigenous, B. thuringiensis, C. binotalis  
EKSPLORASI BAKTERI ENTOMOPATOGENIK PENGENDALI HAMA Plutella xylostella DAN Spodoptera Sp. PADA TANAMAN KUBIS BUNGA DAN BROKOLI Salaki, Christina L.
EUGENIA Vol 17, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.17.3.2011.3545

Abstract

ABSTRACT   The research aimed to explore potential entomopathogenic bacteria as biological control agent for insect pest of P. xylostella and Spodoptera sp. in cabbage and broccoli. The indigenous bacteria were explored by taking 103 samples from location around North Sulawesi. Bacteria were selectively isolated by using Ohba and Aizawa method and then identified based on morphology. Subsequently the isolates were screened by their potency to kill test insect of P. xylostella and Spodoptera sp. The isolates were able to kill ≥ 50 % test insect considered  as potential for biological control. The potential isolates were then selected and would be developed  as powder and liquid bio-pesticide through large scale production. The result of the study showed that 145 Bacillus thuringiensis isolates and 202 Bacillus cereus isolates were obtained from 103 samples. The screening of the isolates based on standard test insect for cabbage and broccoli were in progress. The potential isolates would be further selected on the basis of their pathogenicity test. Based on pathogenecity test, chosen isolates will be developed as  bio-pasticide to control insect pest of cabbage and broccoli. Keywords : Exploration, entomopathogenic bacteria, biological control, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera Sp.
BIOPESTISIDA DARI EKSTRAK DAUN PANGI (Pangium sp.) TERHADAP SERANGGA Plutella xylostella DI SULAWESI UTARA Salaki, Christina L.; Paendong, Evie; Pelealu, Jantje
EUGENIA Vol 18, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.18.3.2012.4092

Abstract

ABSTRACT   Searching the plants in which can produce biopesticides, such as antifeedant to control the insect pests, it attracted the attention of worldwide researches. It is due to in the crop protection, the compounds of antifeedant do not kill, repel or entrap insects, but just inhibit the insect's appetite, so that the food crops or the commodity can be protected. Plutella xylostella (L) is the insect pests which is cosmopolitantly distributed in. Its attacks could damage vegetables resulting in loss of quantitative and qualitative. To overcome these problems, need to develop a means of pest control, which are effective but environmental friendly. North Sulawesi has a lot of plants, which is potentially developed as a source of botanical insecticides. Pangi Plant (Pangium sp.) is a plant species which potentially developed and effective against several types of insect pests, but testing by using crude extract can give varies results depending on the type of extract used, the test insects and environment factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of leaf extracts pangi (Pangium sp.) as antifeedant against Plutella xylostella. The method used is the method of Qin et al. (2004). To determine the class of active compounds to extract the thick antifeedant have done by taking each extract to make a concentrations of 1% (w / v), 5% (w / v), and 10% (w / v). Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA). The results showed that, the leaf extract of condensed pangi were able to inhibit the feeding activity of the larvae of P. xylostella. Keywords : biopesticide, Pangium sp., Plutella xylostella ABSTRAK   Penelusuran tumbuh-tumbuhan yang dapat menghasilkan biopestisida, seperti anti makan (antifeedant) untuk mengendalikan hama serangga, sangat menarik perhatian para peneliti di seluruh dunia. Hal ini disebabkan karena dalam perlindungan tanaman, senyawa anti makan tidak membunuh, mengusir atau menjerat serangga hama, tetapi hanya menghambat selera makan dari serangga tersebut, sehingga tanaman pangan atau komoditi dapat terlindungi. Plutella xylostella (L) merupakan serangga hama yang penyebarannya bersifat kosmopolitan. Serangan ini dapat merusak tanaman sayuran mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, perlu dikembangkan sarana pengendalian hama yang efektif tetapi ramah lingkungan. Sulawesi Utara memiliki banyak tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber insektisida botani. Tanaman pangi (Pangium sp.) adalah  jenis tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan efektif terhadap beberapa jenis serangga hama, namun pengujian dengan menggunakan ekstrak kasar dapat memberikan hasil yang beragam tergantung dari jenis ekstrak yang digunakan, faktor serangga uji dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun pangi (Pangium sp.) sebagai anti makan terhadap P. xylostella. Metode yang digunakan adalah  metode Qin et al. (2004). Untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa aktif anti makan terhadap ekstrak kental dilakukan dengan mengambil masing-masing ekstrak untuk dibuat konsentrasi 1 % (b/v), 5 % (b/v), dan 10 % (b/v). Data dianalisa dengan analisis varians (One-way Anova). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ekstrak kental daun pangi mampu menghambat aktivitas makan dari larva P. xylostella.  Eugenia Volume 18  No. 3  Desember 2012 Kata Kunci : biopestisida, Pangium sp., Plutella xylostella
PEMANFAATAN Baringtonia asiatica DAN Annona muricata TERHADAP SERANGGA VEKTOR PENYAKIT PADA TANAMAN CABAI Salaki, Christina L.; Pelealu, Jantje
EUGENIA Vol 18, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.18.1.2012.4144

Abstract

ABSTRACT   Insect vectors disease is a major problem for chilli crop production in North Sulawesi. The effect is significant in decreasing crop production. The use of plant-derived insecticide is potential and environmentally friendly way in controlling the insect, as a form of integrated pest management. Seeds of Bitung (Barringtonia asiatica) and seeds of soursop (Annona muricata) plants can be used as an organic insectiside to control the several types of insect vectors  in pepper crop. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of the application of extracts of B. asiatica and A. muricata on the growth of insect vector (Aphis gossypii) in pepper and and determine the extracts’s lethal level.  This research was conducted in the Green House of Plant Pests and Diseases Department of the Faculty of Agriculture Unsrat Manado, for 6 months time. The research used a complete randomized design consisting of 6 treatments;  each treatment was consisted of three replications. The results showed that the percentage of dead insects assay (Aphis gossypii) increased as the concentration of the extract used increased. This study found that the concentration of soursop seed extract at 50 g / l and a concentration of 1.75% Bitung seed extract was the best to be used as a botanical insecticide in controlling the insect population vector (Aphis gossypii) in laboratory conditions. It has an effective lethal concentration for 93, 67% and 90.0% of all test insect population. Overall bioactivity increased the effectiveness of soursop Bitung seed extract as botanical insecticides. Keywords: Barringtonia asiatica, Annona muricata, Aphis gossypii, chilli plants ABSTRAK   Serangga vektor penyakit merupakan masalah utama bagi produksi tanaman cabai di Sulawesi Utara karena dapat menurunkan produksi. Salah satu sarana pengendalian yang memiliki peluang baik untuk dikembangkan dalam menunjang penerapan PHT adalah pemanfaatan bahan insektisida yang berasal tumbuhan. Buah bitung (Barringtonia asiatica) dan biji sirsak (Annona muricata) adalah jenis tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan efektif terhadap beberapa jenis serangga vektor pada tanaman cabai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak B. asiatica dan A. muricata terhadap perkembangan dan daya bunuh terhadap serangga vektor (Aphis gossypii) pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Green House Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Unsrat Manado, selama kurang lebih 6 bulan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan tiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kematian serangga uji (Aphis gossypii) meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini didapati bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak sebesar 50 g/l dan konsentrasi ekstrak biji bitung 1,75 % sangat baik digunakan sebagai insektisida botani dalam mengendalikan populasi serangga vektor (Aphis gossypii) pada kondisi laboratorium, karena konsentrasi ini efektif mematikan sebesar 93,67 % dan 90,0 % seluruh populasi serangga uji. Keseluruhan bioaktivitas tersebut menambah keefektifan ekstrak biji sirsak dan buah bitung sebagai insektisida botani.  Eugenia Volume 18 No. 1  April 2012 Kata Kunci : Barringtonia asiatica, Annona muricata, Aphis gossypii, tanaman cabai
PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI ENTOMOPATOGENIK Bacillus cereus TERHADAP HAMA Spodoptera litura PADA TANAMAN KUBIS Senewe, Emmy; Maramis, Redsway; Salaki, Christina L.
EUGENIA Vol 18, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.18.2.2012.3567

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to obtain entomopatogenik bacteria (Bacillus cereus) as a potential biological control of pests Spodoptera litura and determine the morphological characteristics and the potential power to kill isolate B. cereus. Explored endogenous bacteria from 99 soil samples from Minahasa regency, South Minahasa and Tomohon. Bacteria were isolated by selectively using methods Ohba and Aizawa  identified by colony and cell morphology. The results showed that of the 99 soil samples obtained 141 isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus. Screening 141 isolates of the 80 isolates contained S.litura larvae that can cause deadly diseases and test larvae  >50% after 96 hours with a dose of inoculum  1.5 x 107 spores / ml. Isolates that could potentially then be selected based on the pathogenicity then be developed into a biopesticide for pest control S. litura on cauliflower and broccoli plants. Keywords: Entomoopatogenic bacteria, Spodoptera litura, cabbage plants
Uji Patogenisitas Isolat Bakteri Indigenous (Bacillus thuringiensis) terhadap Serangga Hama Kubis (Crocidolomia binotalis Zell) Salaki, Christina L.; Situmorang, Jesmandt; Sembiring, Langkah; Handayani, Niken
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 3 (2009): October 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (200.033 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i3.2582

Abstract

Pathogenicity of 34 indigenous B. thuringiensis isolates against C. binotalis were determined. The pathogenicity test was conducted by using leaf dipped method with various spore concentrations. Third instar larvae of C. binotalis were used as insect test. Mortality data of test larvae were used to determine the pathogenicity of the isolates in terms of 72 hours LC50 by using probit analysis. The results of experiments showed YPPA 1. was the most pathogenic isolate, producing 72 hours LC50 = 9.5 x 103 spore.ml-1 with LT50 (1.5 x 107 spore.ml-1) of 24.6 hours while the ACH 2.3 was found to be the least pathogenic isolate with 72 hours LC50 = 2.3 x 106 spore.ml-1 and LT50 (1.5 x 107 spoore.ml-1) of 40.7 hours. The shortest LT50 (1.5 x 107 spore.ml-1 was found to be 18.2 hours produced by TUS.1 with 72 hours LC50 = 3.9 x 105 spore.ml-1 whereas the longest LT50 (1.5 x 107 spore.ml-1) was found tobe 83.2 hours produced by the SLK 4.1 with 72 hours LC50 = 3.1 x 104 spore.ml-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that both YPPA.1 and TUS.1 isolates are potential candidate to be developed for biological control agent.
Analisis Keanekaragaman Isolat Bacillus thuringiensis yang Patogenik terhadap Serangga Hama Kubis (Crocidolomia binotalis) dengan Pendekatan Sistematika Numerik Salaki, Christina L.; Situmorang, Jesmandt; Sembiring, Langkah; Handayani, Niken
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 15, No 3 (2010): October 2010
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (540.381 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v15i3.2605

Abstract

Diversity of B. thuringiensis (Bt.) isolates pathogenic to C. binotalis was determined by using Numerical Systematic Method. Ten isolates were taken to represent 34 pathogenic isolates along with two reference strains namely B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki and B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis. The test isolates were examined for 89 phenotypic characters by using convensional method for colonial and cell morphology (37 characters) as well as physiological characteristics (3 characters) but biochemical characterization (49 characters) was conducted by using commercial API-50 CHB procedures. All phenotypic characters existed in one of two mutually exclusive states and were either scored plus (1) of minus (0). The binary data were prepared in Programmer’s File Editor (PFE) software. The data then were analysed by using the Multi Variate statistical Package (MVSP) Plus-Version 3.1 using the Simple Matching Coefficient (SSM). Clustering was achieved using the UPGMA algorithm. The results were presented as dendrograms. It was obtained that the test isolates were clearly assigned to two distinct multimembered clusters defined by 79.6 similarity level (S-level) in the SSM, UPGMA analysis. The two distinct clusters represented by each of two widely known different group of Bt. strains, namely serovar israelensis and serovar kurstaki. The first cluster contained reference strain of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis, and two of the isolates (Slk2.3, and YPPA1) and the second cluster contained another reference strain of B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki, and 8 of the isolates. Therefore, it strongly suggested that the application of numerical-fenetic analysis could provide a tool to unravel the strain diversity belong to B. thuringiensis.
Co-Authors Anggreini Kilala, Anggreini Ariyane O.S. Siwu Betsy A.N. Pinaria Caroulus S. Rante Christian L. Kaparang Daisy S. Kandowangko Elisabet R.M. Meray Emmy Senewe Evie Paendong Guntur S.J. Manengkey James B. Kaligis Jantje Pelealu Jesmandt Situmorang Juliet M.E. Mamahit Kumolontang, Geyby ., LANGKAH SEMBIRING Moulwy F. Dien Niken Handayani Noni N. Wanta Oddi R Pinontoan Rafel S. Saroinsong Redsway Maramis Rivo Manopo Sammy S.N. Rori Tulung, Max ., Vera E. Tangkilisan Waywind Soewarno Zainudin Limbanadi