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POPULASI DAN INTENSITAS SERANGAN Paraeucosmetus pallicornis PADA TANAMAN PADI DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN Kaparang, Christian L.; Pelealu, Jantje; Salaki, Christina L.
EUGENIA Vol 17, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.17.3.2011.3540

ABSTRACT Â The study aimed Â to determine the population and attacking intensity of Paraeucosmetus pallicornis on rice based on the altitude in South Minahasa regency. Stratified sampling method was conducted Â consisting of three strata namely 0-300 meters above sea level, >300-600 meters above sea level, and >600 meters above sea level. Sampling was collected by taking the diagonal of each 10 clump at different levels of plant age. The results showed that the highest average populations density of P. pallicornis was found Â at altitude >600 m above sea level. Â That was equal to 6.46 individuals per clump. In the altitude of Â 0-300 meters above sea level, average populations density was 6.07 individuals per clump. The lowest population was detected Â at altitude >300-600 meters above sea level which was 6.03 individuals per clump. The attacking intensity of P. pallicornis was the highest at an altitude of 0-300 meters above sea level that is equal to 25.87 % per clump, followed by the altitude Â >300-600 meters above sea level which was 24.12 % per clump. Â The lowest was an altitude of >600 meters above sea level 23.77 % which was per clump. Keywords: rice, Paraeucosmetus pallicornis

KETERTARIKAN HAMA Sitophilus oryzae PADA BERAS, JAGUNG PIPILAN KACANG TANAH, KACANG KEDELAI, DAN KOPRA Manueke, J.; Pelealu, Jantje
EUGENIA Vol 21, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.21.2.2015.9706

ABSTRACT Â The purpose of research is to know the preferences of Sitophilus oryzae in rice, corn, peanut, soybeans, and copra. Experiments using observational and substitutional methods with research objeck is the interest of S. oryzae in some kind of postharvest material. Parameters measured were population density of pests, feeding damage caused by pests, and the relationship between population densty of pests and postharvest material damage caused by pests feed of S. oryzae. The results showed that S. oryzae choose food according to its main host. Population density are highest at 20.8 tail in rice, corn followed by14.0 tail, 8.2 tail in peanuts, 7,0 tail in soybeans and the lowest in copra is 4.0 tail. The results of feeding test showed that S. oryzae can not live in peanut, soybeans, and copra. Damage to feed straight to the population density S.oryzae. The amount of damage depends on the amount of feed that is higher pest populations, the greater damage in flicted on feed. Key words: preferences, Sitophylusoryzae, rice, corn, peanut, peanut soya, copra

PRODUKSI KUBIS DAN PERSENTASE SERANGAN Crocidolomia pavonana PADA BEBERAPA POLA TANAM KUBIS Paat, Frangky J.; Pelealu, Jantje; Manueke, Jusuf
EUGENIA Vol 18, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.18.1.2012.4151

ABSTRACT Â The research objective was to test a variety of cabbage cultivation techniques is the use of organic fertilizers, botanical insecticides, and multiple croping. This research was conducted in the Village Paslaten Tomohon. When the study was conducted from January 2011 to January 2012. In this experiment, each treatment than control would be sprayed with Barringtonia asiatica extract with a concentration of the best based on laboratory test results. The parameters observed were percentage of attacks, cabbage production, analyzes the advantages of organic and non-organic cultivation. These experiments using randomized block design (RBD) Orthogonal contrast with eleven (11) treatment and four (4) test. The results showed that the highest percentage of attacks on fertilizer treatment mitraflora+ B. asiatica 37.5%. While the lowest was 7.14% peasant patterns. Cabbage production was highest in treatment patterns farmers are 6.84 tons / ha. Low on fertilizer treatment mitraflora 4.44 tonnes / ha. Analysis for cropping farming Organic Cabbage with R / C = 1.91 and B / C = 1.07. Patterns of farmers with a value of R / C = 1.91 and B / C = 1.1. Keywords: Production, percentage attack, multiple cropping, cabbage ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalahÂ menguji berbagai teknik budidaya tanaman Kubis yaitu penggunaan pupuk organik, insektisida botanis, dan multiple croping.Â Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Paslaten Kota Tomohon. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan JanuariÂ 2011 sampai dengan Januari 2012.Â Dalam percobaan ini, setiap perlakuan selain kontrol akan disemprot dengan ekstrak Barringtonia asiatica dengan konsentrasi yang terbaik berdasarkan hasil uji di laboratorium. Â Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase serangan, produksi kubis, analisis keuntungan budidaya organik dan non organik.Â Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Kontras Ortogonal dengan sebelas (11) perlakuan dan empat (4) ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, persentase serangan tertinggi pada perlakuan pupuk mitraflora + B. asiatica 37,5%. Sedangkan terendah adalah pola kebiasaan petani 7,14 %. Produksi kubis tertinggi pada perlakuan pola kebiasaan petani yaitu 6,84 ton/ha. Terendah pada perlakuan pupuk mitraflora 4,44 ton/ha. Analisis usaha tani untuk pola tanam Kubis Organik dengan nilaiÂ R/C = 1,91 dan B/C =1,07.Â Pola kebiasaan petani dengan nilaiÂ R/C = 1,91 dan B/C =1,1. Kata kunci : Produksi, persentase serangan, pola tanam, kubis

PEMANFAATAN BIOPESTISIDA RAMAH LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP HAMA Leptocorisa acuta TANAMAN PADI SAWAH Salaki, Ch. L.; Pelealu, Jantje
EUGENIA Vol 21, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.21.3.2015.9702

ABSTRACT Â The research was conducted in the centre production area of rice plants which on North Minahasa District and laboratory tests conducted in Entomology and Plant Pests Laboratory on Pest and Disease Plant course of Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. This research took one year of research period. The results of testing the power to kill isolates of entomopathogenic fungal isolates obtained the highest is MMTTO which had ability to kill nymphs of Leptocorisa acuta (93.3%). Followed by MMITO isolates (86.7%) and MMSAM (80.0%). The isolates are isolates of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Selection results isolates of B. bassiana in nymphs L. acuta which best is BEMSAM isolates (86.7%) followed BEMTTO isolates (83.3%). Then those isolates will be used for the manufacture of biopesticide. Pathogenicity test results showed that each of entomopathogenic fungi to insects L. acuta after 7 days of infection, average mortality ranged from 83.3 to 93.3% and was significantly different from controls. Isolates Metarhizium sp and Beauveria sp each takes a minimum of 22.4 hours and 29.5 hours to kill 50% of test insects. Keywords : biopesticide, important pests, rice plant

PENYEBARAN HAMA KEPINDING TANAH DAN MUSUH ALAMINYA PADA PERTANAMAN PADI SAWAH DI SULAWESI UTARA Paendong, Evi; Pelealu, Jantje; Rimbing, Jimmy
EUGENIA Vol 17, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.17.3.2011.3541

ABSTRACT Â Bedbug is the major pest in paddy fields in North Sulawesi. The pest attacks on vegetative and generative phase of rice . The species Â of pest Â attacking on Â paddy fields in North Sulawesi is unknown. The study aimed to evaluateÂ the spread of bedbug ground pests, to identify the pest species as well as natural enemies of the pest at Â the ecosystem of paddy fields in North Sulawesi. The result showed that the pest had spread to paddy field in Bolaang Mongondow, South Minahasa and Southeast Minahasa. In Minahasa regency, the pest had not been detected. In terms of population density of pest bugs , the highest was Â found inÂ Bolaang Mongondow which was 14.67 individual per 20 times of swinging Â followed by South Minahasa which was 10.33 individual. The lowest was found in Southeastern Minahasa which was 0.67 individuals. There were eight types of natural enemies of the pest Â in Â soil ecosystem of paddy fields in North Sulawesi. The eight types of natural enemies of the pest were Â seven Â predator and one parasitoid. The one parasitoid was Telenomus sp. The Â seven predator were Â Micraspis crocea, Methioche sp, Anaxipha sp, Oxyopes javanus, Tetragnatha sp, Lycosa sp and Chilomenes sp. Keywords: bedbug spread of soil, its natural enemies

IDENTIFIKASI DAN POPULASI LALAT BUAH Bactrocera spp. PADA AREAL TANAMAN CABE, TOMAT, DAN LABU SIAM Kaurow, Hetsi A.; Tulung, Max; Pelealu, Jantje
EUGENIA Vol 21, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.21.3.2015.9692

ABSTRACT Improvements to the identification techniques adapted to the latest determination key, requires socialization, so that the farmer can determine which plant pests have damaged many crops and causing losses. This study were conducted to determine species of fruit fly Bactrocera spp. and to determine the population of Bactrocera spp. attacking commodities chili, tomato and pumpkin siam. Research carried out by direct surveys on the area which is the center of the fruit and vegetable crops in Tomohon. Each stretch of the plants fruit vegetable crops of chili, tomato and pumpkin siam was laid trap.Â The number of traps on each observation plots of vegetables or fruit per plant commodities were 5 (five) traps. The bottle trap was placed in the middle of planting vegetables fruit by a diagonal way. Traps of steiner models made of plastic bottles of 1.5 liters of mineral water and a perforated plastic funnel fitted as entrance fruit flies was used in this experiment. The tool is also equipped with a wire as a binder between the traps and wood enforcement to be put in planting fruit vegetables. Cotton was rolled with a diameter of about 3 cm and then tied with thread and put Methyl Eugenol (ME) of 0.25 ml and Cue-Lure (CL) as much as 0.25 ml by using the syringe and then hung in the middle of the bottle trap. Keywords : identification, population, Methyl Eugenol, Cue-Lure

BIOPESTISIDA DARI EKSTRAK DAUN PANGI (Pangium sp.) TERHADAP SERANGGA Plutella xylostella DI SULAWESI UTARA Salaki, Christina L.; Paendong, Evie; Pelealu, Jantje
EUGENIA Vol 18, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.18.3.2012.4092

ABSTRACT Â Searching the plants in which can produce biopesticides, such as antifeedant to control the insect pests, it attracted the attention of worldwide researches. It is due to in the crop protection, the compounds of antifeedant do not kill, repel or entrap insects, but just inhibit the insect's appetite, so that the food crops or the commodity can be protected. Plutella xylostella (L) is the insect pests which is cosmopolitantly distributed in. Its attacks could damage vegetables resulting in loss of quantitative and qualitative. To overcome these problems, need to develop a means of pest control, which are effective but environmental friendly. North Sulawesi has a lot of plants, which is potentially developed as a source of botanical insecticides. Pangi Plant (Pangium sp.) is a plant species which potentially developed and effective against several types of insect pests, but testing by using crude extract can give varies results depending on the type of extract used, the test insects and environment factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of leaf extracts pangi (Pangium sp.) as antifeedant against Plutella xylostella. The method used is the method of Qin et al. (2004). To determine the class of active compounds to extract the thick antifeedant have done by taking each extract to make a concentrations of 1% (w / v), 5% (w / v), and 10% (w / v). Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA). The results showed that, the leaf extract of condensed pangi were able to inhibit the feeding activity of the larvae of P. xylostella. Keywords : biopesticide, Pangium sp., Plutella xylostella ABSTRAK Â Penelusuran tumbuh-tumbuhan yang dapat menghasilkan biopestisida, seperti anti makan (antifeedant) untuk mengendalikan hama serangga, sangat menarik perhatian para peneliti di seluruh dunia. Hal ini disebabkan karena dalam perlindungan tanaman, senyawa anti makan tidak membunuh, mengusir atau menjerat serangga hama, tetapi hanya menghambat selera makan dari serangga tersebut, sehingga tanaman pangan atau komoditi dapat terlindungi. Plutella xylostella (L) merupakan serangga hama yang penyebarannya bersifat kosmopolitan. Serangan ini dapat merusak tanaman sayuran mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, perlu dikembangkan sarana pengendalian hama yang efektif tetapi ramah lingkungan. Sulawesi Utara memiliki banyak tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber insektisida botani. Tanaman pangi (Pangium sp.) adalahÂ jenis tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan efektif terhadap beberapa jenis serangga hama, namun pengujian dengan menggunakan ekstrak kasar dapat memberikan hasil yang beragam tergantung dari jenis ekstrak yang digunakan, faktor serangga uji dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun pangi (Pangium sp.) sebagai anti makan terhadap P. xylostella. Metode yang digunakan adalahÂ metode Qin et al. (2004). Untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa aktif anti makan terhadap ekstrak kental dilakukan dengan mengambil masing-masing ekstrak untuk dibuat konsentrasi 1 % (b/v), 5 % (b/v), dan 10 % (b/v). Data dianalisa dengan analisis varians (One-way Anova). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ekstrak kental daun pangi mampu menghambat aktivitas makan dari larva P. xylostella. Â Eugenia Volume 18 Â No. 3Â Desember 2012 Kata Kunci : biopestisida, Pangium sp., Plutella xylostella

PEMANFAATAN Baringtonia asiatica DAN Annona muricata TERHADAP SERANGGA VEKTOR PENYAKIT PADA TANAMAN CABAI Salaki, Christina L.; Pelealu, Jantje
EUGENIA Vol 18, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.18.1.2012.4144

ABSTRACT Â Insect vectors disease is a major problem for chilli crop production in North Sulawesi. The effect is significant in decreasing crop production. The use of plant-derived insecticide is potential and environmentally friendly way in controlling the insect, as a form of integrated pest management. Seeds of Bitung (Barringtonia asiatica) and seeds of soursop (Annona muricata) plants can be used as an organic insectiside to control the several types of insect vectorsÂ in pepper crop. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of the application of extracts of B. asiatica and A. muricata on the growth of insect vector (Aphis gossypii) in pepper and and determine the extractsâ€™s lethal level.Â This research was conducted in the Green House of Plant Pests and Diseases Department of the Faculty of Agriculture Unsrat Manado, for 6 months time. The research used a complete randomized design consisting of 6 treatments;Â each treatment was consisted of three replications. The results showed that the percentage of dead insects assay (Aphis gossypii) increased as the concentration of the extract used increased. This study found that the concentration of soursop seed extract at 50 g / l and a concentration of 1.75% Bitung seed extract was the best to be used as a botanical insecticide in controlling the insect population vector (Aphis gossypii) in laboratory conditions. It has an effective lethal concentration for 93, 67% and 90.0% of all test insect population. Overall bioactivity increased the effectiveness of soursop Bitung seed extract as botanical insecticides. Keywords: Barringtonia asiatica, Annona muricata, Aphis gossypii, chilli plants ABSTRAK Â Serangga vektor penyakit merupakan masalah utama bagi produksi tanaman cabai di Sulawesi Utara karena dapat menurunkan produksi. Salah satu sarana pengendalian yang memiliki peluang baik untuk dikembangkan dalam menunjang penerapan PHT adalah pemanfaatan bahan insektisida yang berasal tumbuhan. Buah bitung (Barringtonia asiatica) dan biji sirsak (Annona muricata) adalah jenis tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan efektif terhadap beberapa jenis serangga vektor pada tanaman cabai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak B. asiatica dan A. muricata terhadap perkembangan dan daya bunuh terhadap serangga vektor (Aphis gossypii) pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Green House Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Unsrat Manado, selama kurang lebih 6 bulan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan tiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kematian serangga uji (Aphis gossypii) meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini didapati bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak sebesar 50 g/l dan konsentrasi ekstrak biji bitung 1,75 % sangat baik digunakan sebagai insektisida botani dalam mengendalikan populasi serangga vektor (Aphis gossypii) pada kondisi laboratorium, karena konsentrasi ini efektif mematikan sebesar 93,67 % dan 90,0 % seluruh populasi serangga uji. Keseluruhan bioaktivitas tersebut menambah keefektifan ekstrak biji sirsak dan buah bitung sebagai insektisida botani. Â Eugenia Volume 18 No. 1Â April 2012 Kata Kunci : Barringtonia asiatica, Annona muricata, Aphis gossypii, tanaman cabai

PEMANFAATAN ENTOMOPATOGEN INDIGENOUS INDONESIA SEBAGAI KANDIDAT BIOPESTISIDA RAMAH LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP HAMA PENTING TANAMAN CABAI Salaki, Ch L; Pelealu, Jantje
EUGENIA Vol 24, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.24.3.2018.28791

The purpose of this study was to obtain potential isolates of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi that can be formulated into superior biopesticide candidates. The research methods used were 1) exploration of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi from isolation of soil samples and infected insect pests, 2) rearing test insects and chili plant nurseries, 3) testing the killing power of entomopathogenic bacterial and fungal isolates against key pests of chilli plants and 4) pathogenicity testing of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi to chilli plant pests. 104 soil samples were obtained from the field, consisting of paddy soil, plantation land, yard and forest soil with 21 isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates. Sampling of entomopathogenic fungi was found in 17 insects attacked by entomopathogenic fungi. From the results of testing of all B. thuringiensis isolates, there were 12 isolates that could kill test larvae (S. litura) at a success rate greater than 50% 96 hours after preparation and 8 isolates that were able to kill the test nymph (M. persicae) at a success rate greater than 50% 96 hours after treatment. The results of testing the killing power of entomopathogenic fungi isolates were found to be the highest ability to kill S. litura larvae (93.3%), followed by MMITO isolates (86.7%) and MMSAM (80.0%). These isolates were isolates from the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. The results of the selection of B. bassiana isolates in S. litura larvae were the best isolates of BEMSAM (86.7%) followed by BEMTTO isolates (83.3%). Whereas for testing the nymph Myzus persicae, mortality above 50% occurred through 2 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and 3 isolates of Beauveria bassiana. The pathogenicity test of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates showed that the highest mortality of Spodoptera litura in TTM isolates with a concentration of 5.02 x 105 with the fastest death time 28.2 hours after treatment. Whereas in the test of Myzus persicae, the highest mortality was in the TYM isolate with a concentration of 6.3 x 104 with the fastest death time was 22.4 hours after treatment.

Isolation and Identification Of Triterpenoid Saponin From Baringtonia asiatica Kurz Seeds. Tanor, Meity N; Abadi, Abdul Latief; Rahardjo, Bambang Tri; Pelealu, Jantje
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 4, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.4.2.%x

The study aimed to identify the content of the triterpenoid saponin compound from Barringtonia asiatica seeds collected from coastal of Malalayang beach, Manado, North Sulawesi. The method of extraction was the maceration with methanol solvent. The identification of the isolate was by thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, and GCMS. The phytochemistry test result of B. asiatica seed extract contained the compounds of alkaloid, saponin, and tannin. Then, the compound was separated by a thin layer chromatography method with a solvent system of methanol:chloroform:water. It produced three nodes that were spread around polar (Rf 0.24), semipolar (Rf 0.6) and non-polar (Rf 0.78) areas. Meanwhile, the process of column chromatography could only separate two chemical components namely semipolar (Rf 0.6) and polar (Rf 0.76). The identification with GCMS resulted in three compounds of Triterpenoid saponins, namely 2.4-bis-(1.1-dimethyl ethyl); 4-Dodecylphenol; and 2.6 bis-(1.1-dimethyl ethyl-4-methyl).

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