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VIRULENSI DAN TRANSMISI VIRUS INFLUENZA A PADA MANUSIA, HEWAN MAMALIA DAN UNGGAS Setiawaty, Vivi
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 22, No 3 Sep (2012)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/MPK/article/view/2904

Abstract In the 20th century, influenza virus A infections caused the pandemic severe respiratory illness in humans, some of the cases were fatal. Therefore, it is important for us to know the transmission mechanism and factors that can affect the virulence of influenza viruses. Virulence of influenza virus in birds, mammals and humans is determined by its ability to inflict damage to host cells caused by the eight genes in the virus. Eight of these genes have different tasks and functions that need to be analyzed. Besides knowing the virulence of influenza virus, should also know the transmission mechanism of these viruses. Influenza type A virus in poultry (called avian influenza) can transmit directly from birds to humans that can cause fatal infections. Understanding of the factors that play a role in the transmission between species of birds, mammals and humans can help the development of surveillance strategies to determine rapidly the potential strain of influenza A virus that can cause a pandemic. Keywords: Influenza A, virulence, virus transmission, avian Abstrak Di abad ke-20, beberapa pendemi/wabah gangguan saluran pernafasan yang berat pada manusia dan dapat juga menyebabkan kematian, disebabkan oleh virus influenza A. Oleh karena itu penting bagi kita mengetahui bagaimana virus Influenza ini bertransmisi dan faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi virulensi dari virus Influenza. Virulensi virus influenza pada unggas, hewan mamalia dan manusia ditentukan oleh kemampuannya untuk menimbulkan kerusakan pada sel host yang disebabkan oleh delapan gen yang ada padanya. Delapan gen ini mempunyai tugas dan fungsi yang berbeda-beda yang perlu dipelajari. Selain mengetahui virulensi virus Influenza, perlu juga diketahui cara transmisi dari virus ini. Virus influenza tipe A pada unggas (disebut juga avian influenza) dapat bertransmisi secara langsung dari unggas ke manusia yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi fatal. Pemahaman terhadap faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam transmisi antara spesies unggas, hewan mamalia dan manusia dapat membantu pengembangan strategi surveilans guna mengetahui dengan cepat potensi strain virus influenza A yang dapat menimbulkan pandemi. Kata kunci: Influenza A, virulensi, transmisi, unggas

MASA DEPAN VAKSIN ROTAVIRUS DI INDONESIA Pangesti, Krisna Nur Andriana; Setiawaty, Vivi
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 24, No 4 Des (2014)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

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AbstrakRotavirus adalah penyebab utama gastroenteritis pada anak-anak. Insiden diare yang disebabkan rotavirus di Indonesia terjadi sepanjang tahun dengan jumlah kematian mencapai sekitar 10.088 anak per tahun. Virus ini ditularkan melalui rute tinja-oral dengan tingkat transmisi tinggi. Lebih dari 50 kombinasi galur G - P yang dikenal sebagai galur yang menginfeksi manusia dengan serotipe dominan akan bervariasi antar wilayah dan tahun. Di Indonesia, berbagai penelitian rotavirus menunjukkan bahwa variasi tipe VP7 (G9) dan VP4 (P[8]) merupakan kombinasi genotipe paling sering muncul. Metode pencegahan yang paling mungkin dan sangat diperlukan untuk mengontrol transmisi dan mencegah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus ini adalah dengan vaksinasi. Berbagai macam jenis vaksin Rotavirus dikembangkan untuk memberikan kekebalan sebaik infeksi alamiah dan meminimalisasi efek samping yang terjadi. Untuk itu pengawasan yang baik pra dan pasca perizinan diperlukan untuk memantau efek samping dari vaksin yang ada. Infeksi Rotavirus menyebabkan beban penyakit dan ekonomi yang tinggi sehingga vaksin dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu cara pencegahan yang baik.Kata kunci : Rotavirus, vaksin, diareAbstractRotaviruses are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in young children. The incidence of diarrhea due to rotavirus in Indonesia is evenly throughout the year with the mortality approximately of 10,088 children in a year. These viruses are transmitted by fecal-oral route with high rate of transmission. More than 50 combinations G-P known as strain that infect human with the predominant serotypes will vary between region and year. In Indonesia, rotavirus studies showed that a variety of VP7 type (G9) and VP4 type (P[8]) were the genotype combinations most frequently encountered. The most likely methods of prevention and control of transmission for the disease caused by this virus are vaccination. Various types of rotavirus vaccine were developed to provide the best immunity as the natural infection and minimize the side effects that might be occurred. For that oversight both pre and post licensing is required to monitor the side effects of the existing vaccine. Since the rotavirus infections cause high disease and economic burden, the vaccine can be considered as one of the better ways of prevention.Keywords : Rotavirus, vaccine, diarrhea

Viral and bacterial infection among hospitalized-suspected influenza A/H5N1 patients in Indonesia, 2008-2009 Agustiningsih, Agustiningsih; Herman, Reni; Ramadhany, Ririn; Pratiwi, Eka; Puspa, Kartika D.; Setiawaty, Vivi
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2012): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Since a lot of suspected H5N1 cases with severe ARI manifestation were hospitalized and negative for H5N1, it raised a concern to investigate the other etiologies among hospitalized-suspected H5N1 cases. The aim of present study is to investigate the other respiratory pathogens of hospitalized-suspected H5N1 cases in which will provide valuable insight in the etiologies and epidemiology data of ARI.Methods: We tested the archived respiratory clinical specimens (nasal or throat swab, tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage) that were already confirmed as negative H5N1 for 16 viruses and 8 bacteria existence by Multiplex PCR and Real-Time PCR from 230 hospitalized-suspected H5N1 cases received in July 2008 to June 2009.Results: Of the 230 hospitalized-suspected H5N1 cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most dominant bacterial pathogen in children and adult. Moreover, the common viral pathogens in children was influenza A (non H5), while it was varied in adults as influenza A (non H5), Enterovirus, HRV A/B, Coronavirus 229E/NL63 were found very low. Bacterial mix infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophillus influenzae mainly occurred in children while co-infections of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were frequently found in adults. In addition, the major bacterial-viral mix infection found among children was influenza A and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Conclusion: From all of the samples tested, bacterial infections remain the most common etiologies of ARI in adults and children although there were infections caused by viruses. Mix infection of bacterial and viral also found among adults and children. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:77-82)Keywords: Acute respiratory infection, H5N1, PCR

Proportion of influenza cases in severe acute respiratory illness in Indonesia during 2008-2009 Ramadhany, Ririn; Setiawaty, Vivi; Wibowo, Holy A.; Lokida, Dewi
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 19, No 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Aim: To access the proportion of Influenza which caused SARI casesMethods: From April 2008 until March 2009, 549 samples of nasal and throat swabs were collected from SARI patients from eight hospitals in eight provinces in Indonesia. The samples were analyzed for Influenza by real-time RT-PCR method using several specific primers for influenza A (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and A/H5N1) and Influenza B. The sequence of these primers was provided by CDC, Atlanta.Results: We found 516 (94%) of the specimens testing results were not infl uenza A or B viruses. There was 21 (4%) cases caused by influenza A and 12 (2%) caused by influenza B. From the influenza A cases, one case of SARI was caused by A/H1N1, two cases were A/H5N1, 17 cases were A/H3N2 and one case was unsubtypeable Influenza A.Conclusion: The majority of SARI cases were not caused by influenza viruses. From this surveillance the most common influenzaÂ A related to SARI is A/H3N2. Facts of the avian influenza virus A/H5N1 cases have been found in Indonesia and the spread of novel virus influenza A/H1N1 in 2009 raised our concern about the importance of SARI surveillance. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:264-7)Keywords: influenza, severe acute respiratory illness

Antibody anti-H5N1 detection in poultry farmers and workers in poultry collection facilities in Indonesia, 2007 Setiawaty, Vivi; Sedyaningsih, Endang R.; Sudiro, Tjahyani M.; van Beest Holle, Mirna Robert D.R.; Pangesti, Krisna N.A.; Ibrahim, Fera
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 19, No 2 (2010): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Aim Between July 2005 and May 2008, Indonesia reported 133 H5N1 confirmed human cases with a case fatalityÂ proportion of 81%. Fifty-four percent of cases had a history of direct contact with poultry (chickens). Therefore, it isÂ important to define the detection of antibody of H5N1 among people who have intensive contact with poultry haveÂ been exposed to H5N1 viruses.Methods We collected sera from healthy poultry-collecting-facility (PCF) workers in Jakarta and healthy poultry-farmersÂ in Sukabumi which have close contact with poultry. Anti-H5N1 antibodies were tested with modifiedÂ Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay using A/Ck/Banten/05-1116/05(H5N1) antigen and with Neutralization (NT)Â assay using A/H5N1/Indo/05/IBCDC-RG virus.Results Among the 216 PCF worker sera and the 495 poultry-farmer sera that we collected, we found that all poultry-farmersÂ were seronegative and one percent of poultry-collecting-facilities workers were seropositive by both HI andÂ 1% by NT assays.Conclusions This study detected asymptomatic H5N1 virus infection among poultry workers in PCFs with intensiveÂ contact with various types of different poultry who had different titers of antibody, but no antibodies were detectedÂ among poultry farmers. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:124-9)Keywords: Avian infl uenza, farmers, poultry workers, seropositive

Preservasi Kolum Posterior dengan Menggunakan Teknik Debridement Invasi Minimal pada Penderita Spondilitis Tuberkulosis Torakal Umur 2 Tahun Rahyussalim, Rahyussalim; Kurniawati, Tri; Setiawaty, Vivi
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 25, No 2 Jun (2015)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

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Spondilitis tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit infeksi tulang belakang yang disebabkan olehMycobacterium tuberculosis. Penyakit ini dapat ditemukan di semua lapisan masyarakat dan di berbagaiusia. Spondilitis tuberkulosis pada anak dapat mengakibatkan deformitas yang merupakan masalahserius. Hal ini disebabkan karena anak-anak memiliki sistem imun yang rentan infeksi pada tulang yangsedang bertumbuh. Destruksi korpus vertebra yang masif dan kolum posterior yang masih intak menjadialasan untuk mempertahankan struktur dan menjaga kestabilan tulang belakang pada anak. Kondisiini perlu dipertimbangkan dalam menentukan modalitas penatalaksanaan. Pada teknik konvensionalpendekatan anterior menjadi pilihan dalam upaya mencapai lesi tulang belakang, karenanya dilakukantindakan debridement, evakuasi abses dan pemasangan strut graft untuk menyangga tulang belakang.Dalam perkembangannya teknik ini menimbulkan masalah lain pada anak yaitu kolapsnya korpusvertebra. Dengan pendekatan posterior teknik konvensional melakukan laminektomi untuk mencapailesi korpus vertebra yang berada di anterior, cara ini pun berpotensi mengakibatkan semakin tidakstabilnya tulang belakang. Pendekatan ini dapat menyebabkan kelainan postural. Paper ini melaporkanhasil evaluasi terhadap penderita spondilitis tuberkulosis anak usia 2 tahun yang telah dilakukan teknikpreservasi kolum posterior dengan debridement invasi minimal. Hasil evaluasi hingga 1 tahun setelahpenatalaksanaan memperlihatkan bahwa teknik yang digunakan memberikan stabilitas tulang belakangyang baik selain masa pemulihan yang lebih singkat dan perdarahan yang lebih sedikit.

Deteksi Virus Rabies pada Kasus Ante-Mortem dengan RT-PCR -, Agustiningsih; Puspa, Kartika Dewi; Nugraha, Arie Ardiansyah; Setiawaty, Vivi
Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Central Basic Biomedical and Health Technology

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Rabies virus detection using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT â PCR) was considered to have high sensitivity and specificity. This method is relatively faster and easy to perform in comparison with other methods such as Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) and Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT). Therefore, the RT PCR method is used as ante mortem diagnosis of rabies. A total of 74 specimens such as saliva, conjuctival swabs and under tongue swabs were collected from the bites of animal transmitting rabies cases. The 74 specimens were collected from 28 human cases of suspected rabies outbreaks in 2009-2013 that has been tested in the Virology Laboratory, Center for Biomedical and Basic Technology of Health. All specimens examined by RT - PCR method using two primer pairs that amplify the partial gene regions of the N and G genes of the rabies virus. Two of the 74 specimens gave positive results of rabies by RT - PCR, i.e saliva and under-tongue swab from human cases of animal bites in 2009. RT-PCR assay can be used for ante mortem diagnosis of the rabies virus. The laboratory results are influenced by the type of specimen and collection time.Key words : Rabies, Outbreak, RT-PCRÂ AbstrakDeteksi virus rabies menggunakan metode Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) dinilai memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi. Kemudahan pengerjaan dan hasil pemeriksaan yang relatif cepat dibandingkan dengan metode Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) dan Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT) yang merupakan metode standar WHO yang menjadikan RT-PCR lebih banyak digunakan untuk deteksi ante mortem virus rabies. Sebanyak 74 spesimen kasus gigitan hewan penular rabies (GHPR) yaitu saliva, apus selaput mata dan apus bawah lidah yang berasal dari 28 kasus tersangka rabies pada kejadian luar biasa pada tahun 2009-2013 yang telah diperiksa oleh laboratorium Virologi Pusat Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan. Seluruh spesimen diperiksa dengan metode RT-PCR menggunakan 2 pasang primer yaitu primer yang mengamplifikasi sebagian region pada gen N dan gen G dari virus rabies tersebut. Dua dari 74 spesimen memberikan hasil positif rabies berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dengan RT-PCR, yaitu spesimen saliva dan swab bawah lidah dari kasus gigitan anjing pada tahun 2009. Pemeriksaan ante mortem terhadap virus rabies dapat menggunakan metode RT-PCR dengan memperhatikan waktu pengambilan dan jenis spesimen.Kata Kunci : Rabies, KLB, RT-PCR

Deteksi Penyebab dan Sebaran Kasus Kejadian Luar Biasa Hand Foot and Mouth Diseases (HFMD) Tahun 2008-2012 Susanti, Nike; -, Herna; Purnamawati, Sinta; Setiawaty, Vivi
Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Central Basic Biomedical and Health Technology

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common disease caused by human enterovirus (HEV). The symptoms and signs of infection among children typically present with vesicular exanthema on the soles of their feet, the palms of their hands and in their mouths, causing discomfort and feeding difficulties. The disease is caused by mainly Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16) serotype. It has recently been associated with EV-71 serotype which can also cause outbreak and mortality. Currently the data of HFMD cases in Indonesia is not available yet therefore this study aims to identify and determine the distribution of HFMD cases in Indonesia from the outbreak. HFMD can be identified by RT-PCR that recognize PAN-EV gene in the first place and has to be continued to EV-71 in VP1 area. Besides using PCR, we use isolation method using tissue cultures which are RD and 293 cell linesrom. From 48 suspected cases were received in virology lab CBBTH, NIHRD. 26 out of 48 cases (54%) were caused by enterovirus and 3 out of 26 were EV-71 (6,25%). The HFMD cases distribute in all group of ages and sex but children under five is the most susceptible.Key words: HFMD, Enterovirus, Outbreak, EV71Â AbstrakHand Foot and Mouth Diseases (HFMD) atau dalam bahasa Indonesianya dikenal sebagai penyakit Kaki Tangan Kuku dan Mulut. Penyakit ini umumnya menyerang anak-anak dan menimbulkan gejala yang khas seperti terbentuknya vesikula di telapak tangan, kaki dan di rongga mulut sehingga menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman dan susah menelan. Penyebab Utama penyakit ini adalah enterovirus teruma Coxsackie A16. Belakangan ini penyakit HFMD juga berkaitan dengan EV-71 yang bisa menimbulkan Kejadian Luar Biasa dan kematian. Saat ini belum tersedia data penyebab kasus HFMD di Indonesia, oleh karna itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi penyebab kasus HFMD di Indonesia dari kasus kejadian luar biasa. Identifikasi penyebab penyakit HFMD bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan methode PCR dengan mengidentifikasi adanya gen Pan EV terlebih dahulu dan dilanjutkan dengan EV-71 spesifik di area VP1. Isolasi virus juga dilakukan dengan mengkultur virus di sel RD dan 293 untuk tujuan identifikasi dan memperbanyak serta memurnikan virus dari spesimen asli. Dari 48 kasus yang diterima laboratorium Virologi Pusat BTDK, Badan Litbang Jakarta, diketahui 26 kasus (54%) disebabkan oleh enterovirus dan 3 diantaranya adalah EV-71 (6.25%). Kasus HFMD dapat terjadi pada semua golongan umur dan jenis kelamin, akan tetapi anak-anak yang berumur antara 1-5 tahun sangat rentan menderita penyakit ini.Kata kunci : HFMD, Enterovirus, KLB, EV71

Efek Berbagai Dosis Radiasi Terhadap Fragilitas Eritrosit dan Kadar Kalium pada Produk Sel Darah Merah Pekat Sidabutar, David H; Setiawaty, Vivi; Soedarmono, Yuyun SM; Kosasih, Agus
Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Central Basic Biomedical and Health Technology

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One of the delayed transfusion reactions that are fatal is TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). TA incidence of GVHD in immunocompromised patients is estimated at 0.1 to 1.0% with a mortality rate of approximately 80-90% .7 Efforts irradiation of cellular blood components is currently the most efficient way and a reliable way to prevent TA-GVHD. This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of irradiation effects on red blood cells during storage.This study used a descriptive analytic design at 54 red blood cell preparations that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The preparation of red blood cells were divided into 4 groups, ie the group that received 2500,3000,5000 cGy dose and control. OFT testing and potassium levels on the first day, the third and fifth storage. An increase in potassium levels was statistically significant from the first day after irradiation at all doses. There were no significant differences in red blood cell membrane resistance to all doses of irradiation during storage until the fifth day. Irradiation at doses of 2500-5000 cGy can cause increased pottasium level and does not cause changes fragility of red blood cells stored for 5 days after irradiation. The need for further research on the quality of the preparation of red blood cells during storage after irradiation as seen levels of hemolysis (hemolysis rate).Keyword : Blood transfusion, Irradiated, OFT and potassiumÂ AbstrakSalah satu reaksi transfusi lambat yang bersifat fatal adalah TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). Kejadian TA GVHD pada pasien immunocompromised diperkirakan sebesar 0,1- 1,0% dengan angka kematian sekitar 80- 90%.7 Upaya radiasi komponen darah seluler saat ini merupakan cara yang paling efisien dan dapat diandalkan untuk mencegah TA-GVHD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek berbagai dosis radiasi terhadap sel darah merah selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik pada 54 sediaan sel darah merah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sediaan sel darah merah dibagi menjadi 4 grup, yaitu grup yang mendapat dosis 2500,3000,5000 cGy dan kontrol. Dilakukan pengujian OFT dan kadar kalium pada hari pertama, ketiga dan kelima penyimpanan. Terjadi peningkatan kadar kalium yang bermakna secara statistik mulai dari hari pertama setelah dilakukan radiasi pada semua dosis. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna ketahanan membran sel darah merah terhadap semua dosis radiasi selama penyimpanan sampai hari kelima. Radiasi pada dosis 2500-5000 cGy dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar kalium dan tidak menyebabkan perubahan fragilitas sel darah merah yang disimpan selama 5 hari setelah radiasi. Perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai mutu sediaan sel darah merah selama penyimpanan setelah dilakukan radiasi seperti melihat tingkat hemolisis (hemolisis rate).Kata kunci: Transfusi darah, Radiasi, OFT, Kalium

Efektivitas Iradiasi terhadap Penurunan Limfosit T pada Komponen Sel Darah Merah Pekat Kadir, Sheila; Setiawaty, Vivi; Kosasih, Agus; Chunaeni, Saptuti
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 26, No 1 Mar (2016)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

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AbstrakPemberian transfusi darah merupakan salah satu tindakan medis untuk penyelamatan nyawa (life saving)dan penyembuhan penyakit, tetapi di sisi lain tindakan ini juga memiliki risiko atau komplikasi. Salahsatu komplikasi yang dikenal adalah Transfusion-Associated Graft-vs-Host Disease (TAGVHD) yangmenyebabkan berproliferasinya limfosit T yang kemudian akan diikuti oleh proses engraft (tertanam)di dalam tubuh resipien khususnya yang berada dalam kondisi imunokompeten seperti pasien kankeratau dengan penyakit autoimun. Saat ini, satuâsatunya metode yang dapat diterima untuk mencegahkomplikasi tersebut adalah dengan melakukan iradiasi darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuidosis iradiasi dan waktu penyinaran yang tepat untuk menurunkan jumlah CD 3+ dan CD 4+ sebagaipenyebab terjadinya TAGVHD. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan rekomendasi untuk prosedur iradiasiterhadap komponen sel darah merah pekat yang akan diberikan pada pasien-pasien imunokompetendi RS Kanker Dharmais Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian eksperimental denganpemeriksaan time series yang dilakukan terhadap 54 kantong komponen sel darah merah pekat denganumur simpan tidak lebih dari satu hari. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap jumlah CD 3+ dan CD 4+ dalamtiga dosis dengan tiga serial waktu berbeda. Terjadi penurunan secara bermakna jumlah CD 3+ denganpenyinaran dosis 3000 cGy dan CD 4+ dengan penyinaran dosis 2500 dan 3000 cGy pada komponen seldarah merah pekat yang dilakukan iradiasi pada waktu penyinaran 3 jam dan 5 jam. Dosis penyinaran2500 cGy dan setelah 5 jam penyinaran memberikan penurunan viabilitas CD 3+.Kata Kunci: iradiasi, Transfusion-Associated Graft-vs-Host Disease (TAGVHD), CD 3+, CD 4+Â AbstractBlood transfusion is a medical treatment for life-saving and cure the disease. On the other hand thesetreatment also have risks or complications, one of which is known as Transfusion-Associated Graftvs-Host Disease (TAGVHD) that may cause proliferation T lymphocytes and follow by a processengraft (embedded) in the recipientâs body at a state of immunocompetent. This condition is commonlyexperienced by patients with impaired immunological systems such as cancer patients or autoimmunediseases. Currently, one - the only acceptable method to prevent such complications by way of bloodirradiation. The aim of the study is to determine the irradiation dose and exposure time in reducingthe amount of CD 3+ and CD 4+ which is the cause of the TAGVHD. The results of this study will be arecommendation for action to the irradiation of packed red cell that will be given in immunocompetentpatients in Jakarta Dharmais Cancer Hospital. This study used an experimental research design timeseries with the examination conducted on 54 bags of packed red cell with the storage time was nolonger than one day. The experiments were conducted on the number of CD 3+ and CD 4+ in three doseswith three different time series. We found the significant decline in the number of CD 3+with 3000 cGyirradiation dose and CD 4+ with 2500 dan 3000 cGy irradiation doses in packed red cell irradiation at 3 to5 hours of irradiation time. The 2500 cGy irradiation doses for 5 hours decreased the viability of CD 3+.Keywords: irradiation, Transfusion-Associated Graft-vs-Host Disease (TAGVHD), CD 3+, CD 4+

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