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All Journal MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology Jurnal Hortikultura
N Sumarni
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Respons Tanaman Bawang Merah terhadap Pemupukan Fosfat pada Beberapa Tingkat Kesuburan Lahan (Status P-Tanah) Sumarni, N; Rosliani, R; Basuki, R S; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Pemupukan sebaiknya didasarkan pada kebutuhan tanaman akan unsur hara dan kandungan hara dalam tanah, agar diperoleh hasil yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mendapatkan dosis optimal pupuk P pada dua varietas bawang merah pada beberapa tingkat kesuburan tanah (status P-tanah). Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah split-split plot design dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah varietas bawang merah, terdiri atas varietas Bangkok dan Kuning. Anak petak ialah kandungan/status P-tanah (Bray 1), terdiri atas rendah (<15 ppm P2O5), sedang (16–25 ppm P2O5), dan tinggi (>26 ppm P2O5). Anak-anak petak ialah dosis pupuk P (P2O5), terdiri atas 0, 60, 120, 180, dan 240 kg/ha. Pupuk N dan K diberikan sebagai pupuk dasar dengan dosis N 150 kg/ha dan K2O 150 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara varietas, status P-tanah, dan dosis pupuk P terhadap luas daun, bobot umbi segar, dan bobot umbi kering eskip per tanaman, serta serapan P tanaman bawang merah. Pada status P-tanah rendah dan sedang, dosis optimal pupuk P untuk varietas Bangkok dan Kuning masih belum diketahui, karena kurva respons hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip masih linier. Pada status P-tanah tinggi, hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip varietas Bangkok ataupun Kuning bersifat kuadratik. Hasil umbi kering eskip maksimal diperoleh dengan dosis pupuk P sebesar 126,50 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Bangkok dan 0 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Kuning. Makin tinggi dosis pupuk P yang diberikan, maka makin tinggi pula residu pupuk P terdeteksi dalam tanah. Implikasi hasil penelitian ialah kebutuhan  pupuk P yang optimal pada bawang merah berbeda bergantung pada status P-tanah dan varietas yang digunakan.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, Basuki, RS,  and Hilman, Y 2012. Response of Shallots Plant to Phosphat Fertilization on Several Soil Fertility Levels (Soil-P Status). To achieve an optimum yield, fertilization should be applied based on plant nutrient requirement and soil nutrient content. This experiment was carried out at Screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from May to December 2008, to find out the optimum dosage of P fertilizer for two shallots varieties on several soil fertility levels (soil-P status). A split-split plot design with three replications was set up for this experiment. Main plots were shallots varieties i.e.: Bangkok and Kuning. Subplots were three soil-P statuses i.e.: low (<15 ppm P2O5), medium (16–25 ppm P2O5), and high (>26 ppm P2O5). Sub-subplots were five levels of P fertilizer dosage of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha P2O5. Nitrogen fertilizer of 150 kg/ha and K fertilizer (K2O) of 150 kg/ha were applied to all. The results showed that there were interaction effect among varieties, soil-P status, and P fertilizer dosages influencing leaf area, fresh, and dry weight of bulb yield, and P uptake by shallots plant. The optimal dosage of P fertilizer for Bangkok and Kuning varieties on low and medium of soil-P status was still unknown yet, since the relation response curve of relationship between P fertilizer dosages and dry bulb yield was still linear. Meanwhile, in high of soil-P status, the response curve was quadratic for both Bangkok and Kuning varieties. The maximum dry bulb yield was obtained by 126.50 kg/ha P2O5 for Bangkok and 0 kg/ha P2O5 for Kuning. The higher of P fertilizer dosage applied, the higher of residual of P fertilizer detected in soil. The optimum dosage of P fertilizer for shallots production was different depend on variety and soil-P status.
Optimasi Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk NPK untuk Produksi Bawang Merah dari Benih Umbi Mini di Dataran Tinggi Sumarni, N; Rosliani, R; Suwandi, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Benih umbi mini bawang merah (shallots set) adalah benih umbi berukuran kecil (<3 g/umbi) yang dihasilkan dari biji botani bawang merah (True Shallot Seeds). Penggunaan benih umbi mini belum umum dilakukan pada budidaya bawang merah di Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jarak tanam dan dosis pemupukan NPK untuk produksi umbi bawang merah dari benih umbi mini di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.250 m dpl.) dengan jenis tanah Andisol, dari bulan Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan 12 perlakuan, yaitu tiga taraf jarak tanam (5 x 20 cm, 10 x 20 cm, dan 15 x 20 cm), yang dikombinasikan dengan empat taraf dosis pupuk NPK (½ ; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 dosis NPK standar), dan satu perlakuan kontrol yang menggunakan benih umbi konvensional (5 g/umbi) dengan jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dan 1,0 dosis pupuk NPK standar. Dosis NPK standar ialah N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, dan K2O 120 kg/ha. Benih umbi mini dan benih umbi konvensional yang digunakan ialah varietas Bima Brebes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tanaman yang berumbi (dapat dipanen) paling banyak (39,10%) terdapat pada perlakuan jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dan dosis pupuk NPK yang rendah (N 95 kg/ha, P2O5 46 kg/ha, dan K2O 60 kg/ha) menggunakan benih umbi mini dibanding perlakuan yang lain (14,66–33,22%). Perlakuan tersebut juga berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan menggunakan benih umbi konvensional (24,99%). Jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dengan dosis N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, dan K2O 120 kg/ha merupakan jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk NPK optimal untuk produksi umbi bawang merah asal benih umbi mini, yang menghasilkan bobot umbi kering eskip sebesar 35,48 g/tanaman. Penggunaan benih umbi mini dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas hasil umbi bawang merah, serta mengurangi (tonase) penggunaan benih umbi per satuan luas.  ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, and Suwandi 2012. Optimization of Plant Distance and NPK Dosage to Produce Shallots from Shallots Set in Highland. Shallots set is small seed bulb derived from true shallot seeds (TSS).  Using of the shallots set in shallots production is not common yet in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to find out the optimum plant distance in combination with NPK dosage to produce shallots bulb from shallots set in highland. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m asl.) on Andisol soil, from August to December 2009. A randomized complete block design with three replications was applied in the study. There were 12 treatments, viz. three levels of plant distance of 5 x 20 cm, 10 x 20 cm, and 15 x 20 cm that were combined with the application of four levels of standard dosage of NPK, viz. 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 NPK standard dosage, and one treatment as a control using bulb (5 g/set) with 15 x 20 cm planting distance,  and a NPK standard fertilization (N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha). Bima Brebes cultivar was used as a planting material source for developing TSS, mini bulbs, and bulbs as generally applied in conventional cultivation.  Research results revealed that the highest number of bulbed-plant harvested in the experiment 39.10% was recorded on shallots set cultivated using plant distance of 15 x 20 cm and NPK dosage of N 95 kg/ha, P2O5 46 kg/ha, and K2O 60 kg/ha compared to other treatments (14.66–33.22%). The treatment also gave higher results compared to conventional cultivation using bulbs (24.99%). The optimum plant distance and NPK dosage to produce shallots bulb from shallots set in highland was 15 x 20 cm and N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha that resulted in 35.48 g dry weight of shallots bulb per plant. The application of shallots set could increase the quantity and quality of shallots yield, and reduced quantity of bulbs needed per hectare.
Efektivitas Daun Jarak (Jatropha curcass Linn) Sebagai Anticacing Ascaridia galli dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Performa Ayam Lokal S Suharti; K G Wiryawan; R Tiuria; Y Ridwan; S Fitriana; N Sumarni
Media Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 2 (2010): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (276.885 KB) | DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2010.33.2.108

Abstract

The present experiment was aimed to identify the phytochemical of Jatropha curcas leave extracted with water and methanol as an anthelmintic agent for Ascaridia galli, and its effect on native chicken performance. In vitro study of anthelmintic activity was conducted by counting the number of paralyzed worm dead-body of A. galli during 18 hours in petri dish containing different levels of extract, namely 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (w/v) and compared to the piperazine 0.5% (w/v). Eightteen birds of naturally A. galli-infected native chicken were used for the in vivo study. The treatments were 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% of J. curcass leave extract, and 10% of piperazine using a completely randomized block design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Parameters observed were fecal worm egg count, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. The results showed that water- and methanol-extracted J. curcas leave had similar composition of secondary metabolite compounds which is high in triterpenoid and steroid contents, respectively. Percentage of paralyzed A. galli was higher (P < 0.01) in water-extracted jatropha leaves. On the contrary, the dead-body percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in the methanol-extracted than that in the control group. In vivo study showed that leave meal significantly decreased (P < 0.05) fecal worm egg count. The leaf meal at the level 16% tended to increase feed consumption, body weight gain, and significantly decreased feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, J. curcas leave meal have anthelmintic activity to A. galli and could improve nutrient utilization of naturally A. galli-infected native chicken by decreasing feed conversion ratio.
Respons Tanaman Bawang Merah terhadap Pemupukan Fosfat pada Beberapa Tingkat Kesuburan Lahan (Status P-Tanah) N Sumarni; R Rosliani; R S Basuki; Yusdar Hilman
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p130-138

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Pemupukan sebaiknya didasarkan pada kebutuhan tanaman akan unsur hara dan kandungan hara dalam tanah, agar diperoleh hasil yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mendapatkan dosis optimal pupuk P pada dua varietas bawang merah pada beberapa tingkat kesuburan tanah (status P-tanah). Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah split-split plot design dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah varietas bawang merah, terdiri atas varietas Bangkok dan Kuning. Anak petak ialah kandungan/status P-tanah (Bray 1), terdiri atas rendah (<15 ppm P2O5), sedang (16–25 ppm P2O5), dan tinggi (>26 ppm P2O5). Anak-anak petak ialah dosis pupuk P (P2O5), terdiri atas 0, 60, 120, 180, dan 240 kg/ha. Pupuk N dan K diberikan sebagai pupuk dasar dengan dosis N 150 kg/ha dan K2O 150 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara varietas, status P-tanah, dan dosis pupuk P terhadap luas daun, bobot umbi segar, dan bobot umbi kering eskip per tanaman, serta serapan P tanaman bawang merah. Pada status P-tanah rendah dan sedang, dosis optimal pupuk P untuk varietas Bangkok dan Kuning masih belum diketahui, karena kurva respons hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip masih linier. Pada status P-tanah tinggi, hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip varietas Bangkok ataupun Kuning bersifat kuadratik. Hasil umbi kering eskip maksimal diperoleh dengan dosis pupuk P sebesar 126,50 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Bangkok dan 0 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Kuning. Makin tinggi dosis pupuk P yang diberikan, maka makin tinggi pula residu pupuk P terdeteksi dalam tanah. Implikasi hasil penelitian ialah kebutuhan  pupuk P yang optimal pada bawang merah berbeda bergantung pada status P-tanah dan varietas yang digunakan.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, Basuki, RS,  and Hilman, Y 2012. Response of Shallots Plant to Phosphat Fertilization on Several Soil Fertility Levels (Soil-P Status). To achieve an optimum yield, fertilization should be applied based on plant nutrient requirement and soil nutrient content. This experiment was carried out at Screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from May to December 2008, to find out the optimum dosage of P fertilizer for two shallots varieties on several soil fertility levels (soil-P status). A split-split plot design with three replications was set up for this experiment. Main plots were shallots varieties i.e.: Bangkok and Kuning. Subplots were three soil-P statuses i.e.: low (<15 ppm P2O5), medium (16–25 ppm P2O5), and high (>26 ppm P2O5). Sub-subplots were five levels of P fertilizer dosage of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha P2O5. Nitrogen fertilizer of 150 kg/ha and K fertilizer (K2O) of 150 kg/ha were applied to all. The results showed that there were interaction effect among varieties, soil-P status, and P fertilizer dosages influencing leaf area, fresh, and dry weight of bulb yield, and P uptake by shallots plant. The optimal dosage of P fertilizer for Bangkok and Kuning varieties on low and medium of soil-P status was still unknown yet, since the relation response curve of relationship between P fertilizer dosages and dry bulb yield was still linear. Meanwhile, in high of soil-P status, the response curve was quadratic for both Bangkok and Kuning varieties. The maximum dry bulb yield was obtained by 126.50 kg/ha P2O5 for Bangkok and 0 kg/ha P2O5 for Kuning. The higher of P fertilizer dosage applied, the higher of residual of P fertilizer detected in soil. The optimum dosage of P fertilizer for shallots production was different depend on variety and soil-P status.
Optimasi Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk NPK untuk Produksi Bawang Merah dari Benih Umbi Mini di Dataran Tinggi N Sumarni; R Rosliani; - Suwandi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p148-155

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Benih umbi mini bawang merah (shallots set) adalah benih umbi berukuran kecil (<3 g/umbi) yang dihasilkan dari biji botani bawang merah (True Shallot Seeds). Penggunaan benih umbi mini belum umum dilakukan pada budidaya bawang merah di Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jarak tanam dan dosis pemupukan NPK untuk produksi umbi bawang merah dari benih umbi mini di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.250 m dpl.) dengan jenis tanah Andisol, dari bulan Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan 12 perlakuan, yaitu tiga taraf jarak tanam (5 x 20 cm, 10 x 20 cm, dan 15 x 20 cm), yang dikombinasikan dengan empat taraf dosis pupuk NPK (½ ; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 dosis NPK standar), dan satu perlakuan kontrol yang menggunakan benih umbi konvensional (5 g/umbi) dengan jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dan 1,0 dosis pupuk NPK standar. Dosis NPK standar ialah N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, dan K2O 120 kg/ha. Benih umbi mini dan benih umbi konvensional yang digunakan ialah varietas Bima Brebes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tanaman yang berumbi (dapat dipanen) paling banyak (39,10%) terdapat pada perlakuan jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dan dosis pupuk NPK yang rendah (N 95 kg/ha, P2O5 46 kg/ha, dan K2O 60 kg/ha) menggunakan benih umbi mini dibanding perlakuan yang lain (14,66–33,22%). Perlakuan tersebut juga berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan menggunakan benih umbi konvensional (24,99%). Jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dengan dosis N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, dan K2O 120 kg/ha merupakan jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk NPK optimal untuk produksi umbi bawang merah asal benih umbi mini, yang menghasilkan bobot umbi kering eskip sebesar 35,48 g/tanaman. Penggunaan benih umbi mini dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas hasil umbi bawang merah, serta mengurangi (tonase) penggunaan benih umbi per satuan luas.  ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, and Suwandi 2012. Optimization of Plant Distance and NPK Dosage to Produce Shallots from Shallots Set in Highland. Shallots set is small seed bulb derived from true shallot seeds (TSS).  Using of the shallots set in shallots production is not common yet in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to find out the optimum plant distance in combination with NPK dosage to produce shallots bulb from shallots set in highland. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m asl.) on Andisol soil, from August to December 2009. A randomized complete block design with three replications was applied in the study. There were 12 treatments, viz. three levels of plant distance of 5 x 20 cm, 10 x 20 cm, and 15 x 20 cm that were combined with the application of four levels of standard dosage of NPK, viz. 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 NPK standard dosage, and one treatment as a control using bulb (5 g/set) with 15 x 20 cm planting distance,  and a NPK standard fertilization (N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha). Bima Brebes cultivar was used as a planting material source for developing TSS, mini bulbs, and bulbs as generally applied in conventional cultivation.  Research results revealed that the highest number of bulbed-plant harvested in the experiment 39.10% was recorded on shallots set cultivated using plant distance of 15 x 20 cm and NPK dosage of N 95 kg/ha, P2O5 46 kg/ha, and K2O 60 kg/ha compared to other treatments (14.66–33.22%). The treatment also gave higher results compared to conventional cultivation using bulbs (24.99%). The optimum plant distance and NPK dosage to produce shallots bulb from shallots set in highland was 15 x 20 cm and N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha that resulted in 35.48 g dry weight of shallots bulb per plant. The application of shallots set could increase the quantity and quality of shallots yield, and reduced quantity of bulbs needed per hectare.
Co-Authors - Suwandi - Suwandi K G Wiryawan R Rosliani R S Basuki R Tiuria S Fitriana S Suharti Y Ridwan Yusdar Hilman Yusdar Hilman