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TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA MENJADI BIODIESEL DENGAN KATALIS CAO DAN PENERAPAN BIODIESEL (B40) PADA ALAT FOGGING Maria Stefani Bethan; Edy Supriyo
Gema Teknologi Vol 21, No 2 (2021): October 2020 - April 2021
Publisher : Vocational School Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gt.v21i2.37297

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel from a transesterification reaction in which triglycerides are converted into FAME with alcohol. Previous research proved that coconut oil can be used as biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature (40-60oC), catalyst concentration of CaO 2-5%w/w) and methanol (20-40%w/w) on the yield of biodiesel produced. The yield were then compared with the biodiesel specification from Pertamina, i.e. density, viscosity, acid number, flash point and cetane number. The result of present work showed that the transesterification reaction between coconut oil and methanol with CaO catalyst have got a reaction conversion of 75% at 60oC, for 2 hours. For producing biodisel, the optimum conditions were achieved when using methanol 20% w/w and a concentration of CaO 2% w/w. The specification biodiesel were as followed: density 836 kg/m3, viscosity 3.09 mm2/sec, acid number 0.37 mgKOH/gr, flash point 62oC, and Cetane value 50.5. In the application, biodiesel (B40) from coconut oil on a fogging machine with a noise of 81.5 dB.

PENGARUH RASIO BAHAN BAKU TEPUNG KOMPOSIT (UBI KAYU, JAGUNG DAN KEDELAI HITAM) PADA KUALITAS PEMBUATAN BERAS ANALOG Isti Pudjihastuti; Edy Supriyo; Hafiz Rama Devara
Gema Teknologi Vol 21, No 2 (2021): October 2020 - April 2021
Publisher : Vocational School Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/gt.v21i2.32923

The increase population affects an increase in total of consumption of Indonesian people towards rice, which encourages Indonesia to import rice. One of the alternatives that can be done is by using potential non-rice raw materials such as tubers. In this study, the raw materials for composite flour from cassava (Manihot esculenta), corn (Zea mays) and black soybeans (Glycine Sojo) were used, which are the basic ingredient for analog rice. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of raw material composition on nutritional value (carbohydrate, protein, fat, water and ash content) analog rice compared to ordinary rice, examine the physico-chemistry (kamba density, water absorption and cooking time) of analog rice compare to paddy rice and also to define raw material composition and best temperature, organoleptic test covering color, aroma, texture and taste. The process of making analog rice consists of several stages of research, such as the stage of making composite flour, cooking the composite flour dough, making analog rice, drying analog rice and analyzing the results. The variables used were the ratio of flour composition and the effect of extrusion temperature. Based on proximate analysis on various compositions, obtained sample 5 (60% cassava flour, 15% corn flour and 25% black soybean flour) as analog rice with the best formulation. Based on the proximate analysis of the effect of temperature, the temperature was 75 °C as the optimum temperature for the extraction process. The results of the physical analysis of the best analog rice in this study showed that analog rice from a composite of cassava flour, corn flour and black soybean flour had a kamba density of 0.46 g / mL, a water absorption capacity of 60.52% and a cooking time of 46 minutes. In this sample, analog rice has a texture, aroma and appearance similar to rice in general, although analog rice from composite flour tends to have a savory taste arising from black soybeans.

Optimasi Pembuatan Kitosan Dari Limbah Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina fulica) Menggunakan Factorial Design 2 Pangkat 3 Intan Septiani; Edy Supriyo
METANA Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v18i1.46292

Kitosan merupakan padatan yang berwarna putih kecoklatan, bersifat nontoksit, biodegradable dan biocompatible. Mengolah cangkang bekicot menjadi kitosan melalui tiga proses yaitu deproteinasi yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan protein, demineralisasi untuk menghilangkan mineral, dan deasetilasi untuk menghilangkan gugus asetil yang masih terikat pada kitosan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mutu kitosan yang dihasilkan dari cangkang bekicot dan pengaruh waktu (160 dan 180 menit), rasio (1 : 6,5 dan 1 : 7,5) dan suhu (85oC dan 95oC) pada proses deasetilasi terhadap % kadar air yang dihasilkan dan dilakukan proses optimasi dengan variasi waktu deasetilasi untuk menentukan % kadar air kitosan cangkang bekicot. Dari penelitian pembuatan kitosan dari cangkang bekicot didapatkan kondisi optimum proses deasetilasi pada waktu 160 menit, rasio kitin : NaOH 1 : 6,5 dan suhu 95oC dengan kadar air sebesar 2,2%. Kitosan yang didapatkan memiliki kadar abu sebesar 95,19%, berwarna putih, kitosan yang terbentuk sebesar 9,98% dan kitosan yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai pengawet bakso dengan masa simpan selama 3 hari. Chitosan is solid with brownish-white color, non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Processing snail shells into chitosan go through three processes, namely deproteination which aims to remove protein, demineralization to remove minerals, and deacetylation to remove acetyl groups. This research was conducted to determine the quality of chitosan produced from snail shells and effect of time (160 and 180 minute), ratio (1:6,5 and 1:7,5) and temperature (85oC and 95oC) in the deacetylation process to the % water content and an optimization process with time variations in deacetylation time to determine the % water content of snail shell chitosan. From the research making chitosan from snail shell it was found that the optimum conditions for the deacetylation process were 160 minutes, the ratio of chitin: NaOH 1:6.5, and a temperature of 95oC with a water content of 2.2%. The chitosan obtained has an ash content of 95.19%, is white, the chitosan formed is 9.98% and the resulting chitosan can be used as a meat ball preservative with a shelf life of 3 days.

OPTIMASI PRODUKSI PROTEIN SEL TUNGGAL DARI BAGASE TERHIDROLISA DENGAN FERMENTASI OLEH SACCAROMYCES CEREVICEAE Isti Pudjihastuti; Margaretha T S; Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih; Edy Supriyo
METANA Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

The Came pulp (bagase) were main contained cellulose, through process delignification and hidrolized can be used to growting sacaromyces cereviceae yeast as fermented media, so can produced biomass microbial as known as single cell protein (SCP).Design experiment was random block with treatment nutrient added as long as fermented process. The measured parameter were protein contained in microbial biomass with Kehjdahl method. Optimum result were formed to 8 days fermentation and nutrient added (NH4)2SO4:1 gr,MgSO47H2O : 0,5 gr, molase (tetes) 20% : 2 ml to media 50 gr. Key word: bagase, Saccaromyces Cereviceae,SCP

Biokatalisator Lipase Dedak Padi Untuk Proses Asidolisis Minyak Tuna Dan Asam Laurat Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih; Edy Supriyo; R.T.D. Wisnu Broto
METANA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Lipid terstruktur dengan medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) pada posisi luar dan polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) pada posisi sn-2 memiliki nilai gizi dan absorbsi yang sangat baik. Dalam penelitian ini lipid terstruktur disintesis secara langsung melalui asidolisis enzimatis antara minyak ikan dan asam laurat. Reaksi dikatalisis oleh lipase dedak padi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari perilaku dari reaksi asidolisis enzimatik minyak ikan tuna dan asam laurat, dengan kajian pengaruh biokatalis lipase dedak padi terhadap hasil asidolisis. Target yang ingin dicapai berupa data-data teknis laboratorium untuk perancangan, scale-up dan pengoperasian proses yang meliputi kinetika reaksi, studi produktifitas asam lemak, kondisi operasi yang optimum dan analisa tekno-ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi lipase dan suhu reaksi optimum berturut-turut 10% dan 50oC. Rasio mol optimum minyak ikan dan asam laurat adalah 1:10, dihasilkan inkorporasi asam laurat mencapai 62,8 mol%. Pada waktu inkubasi 12 jam, trigliserida menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu inkubasi, sedangkan digliserida meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu inkubasi. Pada suhu reaksi di atas 50oC, trigliserida menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya suhu reaksi. Metode interesterifikasi ini cukup efektif untuk mensintesis lipid terstruktur spesifik. Lipase dapat digunakan dengan baik untuk sintesa Lipid Terstruktur dari minyak ikan tuna dengan asam laurat. Kondisi optimum reaksi adalah pada suhu 50oC, konsentrasi lipase 10%, perbandingan ratio substrat (Minyak ikan tuna : asam laurat) 1:10 selama 12 jam. Profil gliserida dari hasil asidolisis enzimatis adalah 78,1 % trigliserida, 32,2 % digliserida dan 11,9% monogliserida Lipase Rice Bran Biocatalystator For Asidolysis Process Tuna Oil And Lauric Acid Lipid structured with medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) in the outer position and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in sn-2 position has excellent nutritional value and absorption. In this study structured lipids were synthesized directly through enzymatic acididisation between fish oil and lauric acid. The reaction was catalyzed by a specific lipase of 1.3 from the tertiary carotid rugose. The aim of this study was to study the behavior of enzymatic acidic reactions of tuna and lauric acid oils, with the study of the effect of rice bran biocatalyst on acidic acid yield. The targets to be achieved are technical laboratory data for design, scale-up and operation of processes including reaction kinetics, fatty acid productivity studies, optimum operating conditions and techno-economic analysis. The results showed that the optimum lipase concentrate and temperature of the reaction were 10% and 50oC, respectively. The mole ratio of fish oil and lauric acid was 1:10 in which the incorporation of lauric acid was 62,80% (mol). Incubation time, 12 h, triglyceride decreased with an increase in incubation time. In contrast, the diglyceride increased with an increase in incubation time. At temperature higher than 50oC, triglyceride decreased with an increase in reaction temperature. The methode of interesterification was proven to be effective in synthezed specific structured lipids. Lipase rice brand, can be used successfully for the synthesis of structured lipids from tuna oil with lauric acid. Optimum reaction temperature is 50oC, lipase concentration of 10%, the ratio of substrate ratio (tuna fish oil: lauric acid) 1:10 for time incubation 12 hours. Profile gliseride from results acidolysis enzymatic triglycerides were 78.1%, 32.2% 11.9% diglycerides and monoglycerides.

TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI LIMBAH SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN LEMPONGSARI, KODYA SEMARANG DENGAN KOMPOSER EM-4 Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih; Edy Supriyo
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract In Semarang limited landfill waste,new problems.If problems not handled and managed properly,an increase of waste that occur each year could shorten justify the air.In addition,the waste can the quality of natural resources,causing floods,and cause some diseased. Research to be conducted has several specific objectives,as follomposer EM-4.Minimizing the volume of waste in Semarang environment develop a network tool composter for organic fertilizer production of large-scale environmental and examine the addition of decomposers EM-4 the formation of humus to improve the productivity of organic fertilizer in environmentally friendly, operating condition optimization weathering process household waste using waste decomposer EM-4. Composter network of productivity environmentally friendly is expected to replace the function of inorganic fertilizers Research results:the best is on addition EM-4 8 ppm,with the following results:value ratio C/N 14,77;P2O5 1,24%;K2O 0,42% SNI: ratio C/N 10-20 ;0,1% min P2O5 ;0,2%min K2O Keyword: EM-4 composer,liquid compost organic,organic waste

Optimization of clove flower oil extraction (Syzgium aromaticum L.) With Factorial Design Method Muhammad Asror Muwaffaq; Edy Supriyo
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Volume 3, Issue 2, Year 2021 (October 2021)
Publisher : Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Diponegoro

Solid-liquid extraction or commonly called leaching is the removal of the solute fraction (solute) from a solid to a liquid solvent. This extraction has become a widespread oil extraction process due to the high percentage of oil produced. Soxhletation method is an extraction method that contacts a solid and a liquid by dissolving it in the liquid phase at reflux. Clove oil is an essential oil that can be produced from distillation method on parts of the clove plant, especially the leaves and flowers of cloves. All parts of the clove plant contain oil, but the flowers contain the most oil. Because the leaves and twigs of cloves also produce oil, they also become a side income for clove farmers who harvest clove flowers for cigarettes. One of the most important ingredients in clove oil is eugenol, eugenol has many benefits from antiseptic to stimulant. Isopropyl alcohol is a unwell-known solvent specially to essential oil solvent, isopropyl alcohol is a solvent that can be recovered back into a solvent form usually using distillation method. The selection of isopropyl alcohol as a solvent is based on its high boiling point compared to other solvents and has elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that can dissolve polar molecules and their alkyl groups.

Optimisation of Tapioca Oxidative Reaction by Ozone Treatment: Effect of pH, Process Time and Temperature Siswo Sumardiono; Isti Pudjihastuti; Edy Supriyo; Anggun Puspitarini Siswanto
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Volume 2, Issue 1, Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Diponegoro

Modification of cassava starch was produced by oxidation using ozone treatment. The oxidized starch is used in the paper processing in the pulp and paper industries. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of reaction conditions (pH and temperature) in produced oxidized starch. The oxidative reaction of cassava starch was using ozone as an oxidator while the operating condition was at temperatures of 30, 35, 40 and 45 oC in atmospheric pressure. The fixed variables were weight of cassava starch 80 grams, and volume of aquadest 200 ml. The change variables are reaction time (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes) and pH solution (6, 7, 8 and 9). The product of oxidized starch was analyzed for carboxyl group according to JEFA method, swelling power according to Leach method and solubility according to Kainuma method. The result of this research shows with an increasing of pH reaction and reaction time, the carboxyl group and solubility increased, but swelling power decreased. The best condition was obtained at the pH of 9 with 60 minutes of reaction time.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Calcium-Fortified Analog Rice from Composite Flour (Cassava, Corn, and Snakehead Fish) for Osteoporosis Prevention Siswo Sumardiono; Isti Pudjihastuti; Edy Supriyo; Rizka Amalia
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Volume 2, Issue 2, Year 2020 (October 2020)
Publisher : Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Diponegoro

In this study, composite flour made from cassava and corn flour were processed for producing analog rice. To meet the calcium needs for the elderly andto optimize the potential of cassava, corn, and snakehead fish, the analog rice will be fortified with calcium from cork fish. The aim of this work are to study the effect of composite flour composition and the extruxtion temperature on the physico-chemical properties of calcium-fortified analog rice. The parameter process studied were mocaf flour:snakehead fish flour (MF/SFF) mass ratio (100:0; 97:3; 94 6; 91:9; and 88:12) and extrusion temperature ranging from 50oC, 70oC, and 90oC. The physico-chemical properties including bulk density, cooking time, proximate, calcium levels and its organoleptic were analyzed. The results showed that at 91:9 MF/SFF mass ratio and the extrusion temperature at 70oC obtain the best effect on the nutrient content of analog rice which contain 14.34% of water, 0.85% of ash, 71.829% of carbohydrate, 11.236% of protein, 1.12% of fat , 1,113 ppm of calcium, and 2.427% of dietary fibre.

Optimasi Konsentrasi Selulosa pada Pembuatan Biodegradable Foam dari Selulosa dan Tepung Singkong Aulya Akmala; Edy Supriyo
Pentana: Jurnal Penelitian Terapan Kimia Vol 1, No 1 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (599.382 KB)

Biodegradable foam adalah bahan kemasan alami pengganti Styrofoam berbahan baku utama tepung tapioka (pati: 81,60%) memiliki kemampuan untuk mengembang yang baik, namun memiliki kelemahan pada kemampuan menahan air. Penambahan bahan aditif alfa selulosa, PVAc, dan magnesium stearate berfungsi untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas strukturnya. Proses pembuatan biofoam menggunakan metode baking. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, biofoam berbahan pati tapioka dan alfa selulosa mempengaruhi sifat fisik dan morfologi pada produk. Kondisi optimum biofoam terdapat pada rasio alfa selulosa 8%, dengan nilai daya serap air 26,30% dan nilai sifat biodegradasi 29,39%. Alfa selulosa memiliki struktur ikatan gugus fungsi C=C aromatik dan C=O karbonil hidrofilik untuk mengikat molekul air dari sekitar lingkungan sehingga memudahkan terjadinya degradasi serta bahan pengisi untuk menutupi rongga pada biofoam pati yang mengalami ekspansi, sehingga mengurangi nilai daya serap air. Variasi kondisi operasi berpengaruh pada visual dan tekstur biofoam yang dihasilkan dengan kondisi optimum temperatur operasi 70oC dan waktu operasi 90 menit. Hasil analisis morfologi menunjukkkan pati tapioka dan alfa seluloa yang terdistribusi dengan baik namun proses gelatenisasi kurang merata menyebabkan pati tidak terbentuk pasta dengan baik dan ikatan antarfasa antara bahan pengisi alfa selulosa dan matriks berupa pati tapioka dan PVAc masih kurang.

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