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All Journal Makara Journal of Technology
Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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A Study on Dielectric Properties of The Cellulose Derivative-NH4Br-Glycerol- Based The Solid Polymer Electrolyte System Rasali, Nur Muhitul Jalilah; Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin; Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 21, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The characterization of biopolymer-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has been carried out in this present work. Cellulose derivative was chosen due to its superior physical attributes. In this work, NH4Br-doped glycerol plasticized carboxyl methylcellulose-based SPEs were successfully prepared via the solution casting method. The conductivity and dielectric properties of the prepared films were investigated using the impedance analysis which presented ~1.91×10-3 Scm-1 (with addition of 6 wt% of glycerol). In addition, the studied SPE system shows a non-Debye behaviour without a single relaxation time. The findings of the research indicate that the complexes of NH4Br and glycerol in the cellulose derivative influence the ionic conductivity and dielectric properties of the SPE system.
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide for High-Performance Electrode of Supercapacitor Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin; Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin; Sahraoui, Bouchta
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 22, No. 3
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Molybdenum dichalcogenides have been reviewed from the perspectives of bandgap, conductivity, and oxidation states of transition metal. Researchers have concluded that a narrow-bandgap transition metal dichalcogenide with high conductivity could be achieved for the high-performance electrode of a supercapacitor.
Study of ZnO Nanospheres Fabricated via Thermal Evaporation for Solar Cell Application Alia Azmi, Fatin Farisha; Sahraoui, Bouchta; Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 23, No. 1
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A solar cell is a device that absorbs light energy to generate electrical energy. A typical example of a solar cell is the quantum dot solar cell (QDSC), which consists of three main components: (i) fluorophore: the component that absorbs light and generates excited state electrons and holes, (ii) photoelectrode: the component that transports the excited state electron and prevents recombination of excited state electrons and holes, and (iii) electrolyte: the component that re-plenishes the vacancy left by the excited electron in the hole. Despite the increasing number of research in the QDSC field, to date, a device with significant photovoltaic efficiency has not been developed. In this study, the mechanism of electron transport in a zinc oxide (ZnO) photoelectrode was investigated. Two ZnO layers were fabricated using thermal evaporation method at different vacuum pressures (5 × 10-4 and 5 × 10-5 Torr). Two solar cells were fabricated using ZnO as photoelectrode, lead sulphide as fluorophore, and a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol as electrolyte. The cell which utilized the ZnO fabricated under 5 × 10-5 Torr showed the highest efficiency ( = 0.98%), with fill factor = 22.07%, short circuit current = 2.85 mA/m2, and open circuit voltage = 80.719 mV.
A Study of the Electron Regeneration Efficiency of Solar Cells Fabricated Using CMC/PVA-, Alginate-, and Xanthan-based Electrolytes Shaafi, Nur Farha; Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin; Sahraoui, Bouchta
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 23, No. 2
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A photovoltaic (PV) mechanism consists of three important steps, i.e., (i) electron excitation upon absorption of photon with energy higher than the bandgap of fluorophore, (ii) excited-state electron injection from the fluorophore to the pho-toelectrode, and (iii) electron regeneration from the electrolyte to the fluorophore. An efficient electron regeneration could be achieved upon fulfillment of the requirements of energy alignment, i.e., lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of fluorophore (LUMOfluorophore) > redox potential of electrolyte > highest occupied molecular orbital of fluorophore (HOMOfluorophore). This study investigated the electron regeneration efficiency of excitonic solar cells fabricated using three polymer-based electrolytes, i.e., (i) 60% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blended with 40% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), (ii) alginate, and (iii) xanthan. The redox potentials of the electrolytes (Eo) were calculated using quantum chemical calculations under the framework of density functional theory. The compatibility of fluorophore and electro-lyte was analyzed in terms of the energy level alignment. The cells fabricated using the three polymer-based electrolytes were analyzed, with the CMC/PVA-based cell yielding the highest efficiency, η, of 1.39% under the illumination of the sun. The low η of the cells can be attributed to the incompatible Eo of the electrolytes, which exhibited a higher energy level than the LUMOfluorophore. The alginate- and xanthan-based cells exhibited inferior PV properties (i.e., open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and η) to that of the CMC/PVA-based cell. This finding can be attributed to the increment of energy offset between Eo and HOMOfluorophore.
Influence of NH4F in Dextran Based Biopolymer Electrolytes: Conductivity and Electrical Analysis Hamsan, Muhamad Hafiz; Zamani Kadir, Mohd Fakhrul; Aziz, Shujahadeen Bakar; Azha, Muhammad Amirul Solihin; Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 23, No. 3
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Dextran polymer host was doped with different concentrations of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) via casting technique. In this present work, dextran-NH4F film has been employed to investigate the ionic conductivity using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy from 50 to 5 MHz. The highest room temperature conductivity is achieved at (2.33 ± 0.76) × 10-3 S cm-1 with 40 wt.% NH4F. The electrolyte is found to obey Arrhenius rule at high temperature with activation energy of 0.21 eV. Dielectric analysis has been performed to obtain better understanding on the conductivity pattern. The dielectric parameters e.g. ɛreal, ɛimag, Mreal, and Mimag have been tested as a function of frequency at various temperature. The potential stability obtained for the highest electrolyte in this study is 1.58 V.
Co-Authors Alia Azmi, Fatin Farisha Azha, Muhammad Amirul Solihin Aziz, Shujahadeen Bakar Hamsan, Muhamad Hafiz Rasali, Nur Muhitul Jalilah Sahraoui, Bouchta Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin Shaafi, Nur Farha Zamani Kadir, Mohd Fakhrul