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Sahraoui, Bouchta
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Transition Metal Dichalcogenide for High-Performance Electrode of Supercapacitor Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin; Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin; Sahraoui, Bouchta
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 22, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Molybdenum dichalcogenides have been reviewed from the perspectives of bandgap, conductivity, and oxidation states of transition metal. Researchers have concluded that a narrow-bandgap transition metal dichalcogenide with high conductivity could be achieved for the high-performance electrode of a supercapacitor.
Study of ZnO Nanospheres Fabricated via Thermal Evaporation for Solar Cell Application Alia Azmi, Fatin Farisha; Sahraoui, Bouchta; Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 23, No. 1
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A solar cell is a device that absorbs light energy to generate electrical energy. A typical example of a solar cell is the quantum dot solar cell (QDSC), which consists of three main components: (i) fluorophore: the component that absorbs light and generates excited state electrons and holes, (ii) photoelectrode: the component that transports the excited state electron and prevents recombination of excited state electrons and holes, and (iii) electrolyte: the component that re-plenishes the vacancy left by the excited electron in the hole. Despite the increasing number of research in the QDSC field, to date, a device with significant photovoltaic efficiency has not been developed. In this study, the mechanism of electron transport in a zinc oxide (ZnO) photoelectrode was investigated. Two ZnO layers were fabricated using thermal evaporation method at different vacuum pressures (5 × 10-4 and 5 × 10-5 Torr). Two solar cells were fabricated using ZnO as photoelectrode, lead sulphide as fluorophore, and a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol as electrolyte. The cell which utilized the ZnO fabricated under 5 × 10-5 Torr showed the highest efficiency ( = 0.98%), with fill factor = 22.07%, short circuit current = 2.85 mA/m2, and open circuit voltage = 80.719 mV.
A Study of the Electron Regeneration Efficiency of Solar Cells Fabricated Using CMC/PVA-, Alginate-, and Xanthan-based Electrolytes Shaafi, Nur Farha; Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin; Sahraoui, Bouchta
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 23, No. 2
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A photovoltaic (PV) mechanism consists of three important steps, i.e., (i) electron excitation upon absorption of photon with energy higher than the bandgap of fluorophore, (ii) excited-state electron injection from the fluorophore to the pho-toelectrode, and (iii) electron regeneration from the electrolyte to the fluorophore. An efficient electron regeneration could be achieved upon fulfillment of the requirements of energy alignment, i.e., lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of fluorophore (LUMOfluorophore) > redox potential of electrolyte > highest occupied molecular orbital of fluorophore (HOMOfluorophore). This study investigated the electron regeneration efficiency of excitonic solar cells fabricated using three polymer-based electrolytes, i.e., (i) 60% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blended with 40% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), (ii) alginate, and (iii) xanthan. The redox potentials of the electrolytes (Eo) were calculated using quantum chemical calculations under the framework of density functional theory. The compatibility of fluorophore and electro-lyte was analyzed in terms of the energy level alignment. The cells fabricated using the three polymer-based electrolytes were analyzed, with the CMC/PVA-based cell yielding the highest efficiency, η, of 1.39% under the illumination of the sun. The low η of the cells can be attributed to the incompatible Eo of the electrolytes, which exhibited a higher energy level than the LUMOfluorophore. The alginate- and xanthan-based cells exhibited inferior PV properties (i.e., open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and η) to that of the CMC/PVA-based cell. This finding can be attributed to the increment of energy offset between Eo and HOMOfluorophore.
Ionic Conductivity and Electrochemical Properties of Alginate–NN4NO3-Based Biopolymer Electrolytes for EDLC Application Mazuki, Norfatihah binti; Rasali, Nur Muhitul Jalilah; Sahraoui, Bouchta; Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 24, No. 1
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In this work, alginate doped with various contents of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) was prepared via casting by using distilled water as a solvent. Impedance studies on alginate–NH4NO3 SBE films were conducted via impedance spectroscopy. The lowest bulk resistance (Rb) showed that the maximum ionic conductivity of the sample containing 25 wt.% NH4NO3 at ambient temperature (303 K) was 5.56 × 10−5 S cm−1. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity was evaluated, and results confirmed that electrolytes followed an Arrhenius behavior. The highest conducting sample was fabricated into an electrical double-layer capacitor and characterized in terms of its electrochemical properties through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurement. CV analysis indicated that specific capacitance decreased as the scan rate increased. Conversely, GCD analysis showed that specific capacitance almost remained unchanged for up to 5000 cycles.
Influence of Lithium Bromide on Electrical Properties in Bio-based Polymer Electrolytes Fuzlin, Ahmad Faizrin; Sahraoui, Bouchta; Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 24, No. 3
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This research presents the influence of lithium bromide (LiBr) on the electrical properties of alginate in bio-based polymer electrolytes (BBPEs) system. Bio-based alginate was prepared using the solution casting technique with various LiBr compositions. The ionic conductivity and electrical properties of the prepared BBPEs samples were studied using electrical impedance spectroscopy over a frequency range of 50 Hz–1 MHz. A maximum ionic conductivity of 7.46 × 10−5 S cm-1 was obtained for a sample containing 15 wt. % lithium bromide-doped alginate BBPEs at ambient temperature (303 K). The electrical analysis revealed that the most conductive sample based on alginate-LiBr BBPEs has optimum dielectric constant and loss, which significantly increases as temperature increases. The dielectric properties show that all alginate-LiBr BBPEs are in non-Debye behavior conditions, where no single relaxation occurs in the present system.
Co-Authors Alia Azmi, Fatin Farisha Fuzlin, Ahmad Faizrin Mazuki, Norfatihah binti Muzakir, Saifful Kamaluddin Rasali, Nur Muhitul Jalilah Samsudin, Ahmad Salihin Shaafi, Nur Farha