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All Journal JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX
Robert Antonius Bara
Sam Ratulangi University

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Estimation of Carbon Stock in Mangrove Communities in Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency Ricky Andreas Ruru; Antonius Petrus Rumengan; Darus Sa'adah Johanis Paransa; Carolus Paulus Paruntu; Robert Antonius Bara; Ari B. Rondonuwu
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2023
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v11i1.43629

Abstract

Mangrove is an ecosystem consisting of a collection of trees and grows in the area around the coastline, living in conditions influenced by tides, muddy and sandy sediments. Has an important function in the effort to absorb carbon levels through the photosynthesis process which is better than other forest vegetation. The purpose of this study, namely to identify mangrove species, examine vegetation and determine the value of biomass and estimated carbon stock in Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. Data collection in this study used the line transect method with the transect position being on the left, middle and right of the mangrove ecosystem of Budo Village which was pulled along 100 meters per transect, then the quadrants were measured 10 m x 10 m using raffia rope to limit each quadrant with an interval of 10 m. m and the distance between transects is about 50 m. Based on the results of the study, found 4 types of mangroves, namely: Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, and Bruguiera gymnorrhyza. The highest density values and relative density of species were on transect 3 with a value of 900 trees/ha and 86.53% by Rhizophora apiculata. The species frequency and relative species frequency were highest in each transect owned by Rhizophora apiculata with values of 0.8 and 55.66%, respectively. The highest species cover was Rhizophora apiculata with a value of 2.56 cm/m with a relative species cover of 72.21%. The highest important value index was Rhizophora apiculata on transect 3 with a value of 214.31%. The highest biomass content was on transect 3 with a value of 592.27 tons/ha. The highest carbon content is on transect 3 with a value of 55.67 tons/ha.
Antibacterial Activity of Stylissa carteri Sponge Extract from Manado Bay, North Sulawesi Irpan Palungan; Robert Antonius Bara; Remy Emile Petrus Mangindaan; Kurniati Kemer; Stenly Wullur; Unstain N. W. J. Rembet
Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2022
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v10i1.36020

Abstract

Marine sponges contain secondary metabolites with unique chemical structures and very interesting pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and others to be developed as candidate drugs. The presence of bioactive metabolites in sessile nature such as sponges also reflects the ecological adaptation formed during a long evolutionary process as a defense mechanism of this organism with its environment in the form of resistance to predation, competition and infection factors against pathogenic bacteria, so this study aims to examine the antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of Stylissa carteri sponge fractions as well as testing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values. The method used in testing the antibacterial activity is the agar diffusion method (Disc Diffusion Kirby Bauer Method). The presence of antibacterial activity was indicated by the formation of a clear zone around the paper disc after incubation for 24 hours. The results showed that antibacterial activity of S. carteri sponge extract tested on Bacillus megaterium DSM32T bacteria revealed to be the strongest inhibition zone of 21 mm. Further testing on the extract fraction of S. carteri showed that the semipolar fractions showed strong activity against the B. megaterium while the polar fraction was categorized as moderate action, the non-polar fraction showed no activity against the bacteria. The determination of the MIC and MBC values was obtained at 500 ppm and 1000 ppm respectively.