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Antimicrobial proteins of Snail mucus (Achatina fulica) against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Herluinus Mafranenda DN; Indah Listiana Kriswandini; Ester Arijani R
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Achasin and mytimacin-AF are proteins of snail mucus (Achatina fulica) which have antimicrobial activity. Snail mucus is suspected to have other proteins which have antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans the oral pathologic bacteria. Purpose: The study were aimed to characterize the proteins of snail mucus (Achatina fulica) that have antimicrobial activities to Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and to compared the antimicrobial effect of achasin and mytimacin-AF. Methods: The sample of study was the mucus of snails which were taken from Yogyakarta Province. The isolation and characterization of protein were conducted by using SDS-PAGE method, electroelution, and dialysis. Nano drop test was conducted to determine protein concentration. The sensitivity test was conducted by using dilution test, and followed by spectrophotometry and paper disc diffusion tests. Results: The study showed that proteins successfully characterized from snail mucus (Achatina fulica) were proteins with molecular weights of 83.67 kDa (achasin), 50.81 kDa, 15 kDa, 11.45 kDa (full amino acid sequence of mytimacin-AF) and 9.7 kDa (mytimacin-AF). Based on the dilution test, Achasin had better antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans, while mytimacin-AF had better antimicrobial activities against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. But the paper disc diffusion test result showed that Achasin had antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, while mytimacin-AF had no antimicrobial activities. Conclusion: The proteins with molecular weights of 50.81 kDa, 15 kDa, 11.45 kDa were considered as new antimicrobial proteins isolated from snail mucus. Achasin, had better antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans, while mytimacin-AF had better antimicrobial activities against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.Latar belakang: Achasin dan mytimacin-AF adalah protein lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Lendir bekicot diduga memiliki protein lain yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans bakteri patologis oral. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi protein lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Aggretibacter actinomycetemcomitans, dan membandingkan efek antimikroba protein achasin dan mytimacin-AF. Metode: Sampel penelitian adalah lendir bekicot yang diambil dari Provinsi Yogyakarta. Isolasi dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode SDS-PAGE, elektro-elusi, dan dialisis. Nano drop test dilakukan untuk menentukan konsentrasi protein. Uji sensitivitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji dilusi, dan diikuti oleh spektrofotometri dan tes difusi kertas cakram. Hasil: Protein dari lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) yang ditemukan adalah protein dengan berat molekul 83,67 kDa (achasin), 50,81 kDa, 15 kDa, 11,45 kDa (urutan asam amino penuh mytimacin-AF) dan 9,7 kDa (mytimacin- AF). Berdasarkan uji dilusi, Achasin memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih baik terhadap Streptococcus mutans, sedangkan mytimacin-AF memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih baik terhadap Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Namun hasil uji difusi cakram kertas menunjukkan bahwa Achasin memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Aggegatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, sementara mytimacin-AF tidak memiliki kegiatan antimikroba. Simpulan: Protein dengan berat molekul 50,81 kDa, 15 kDa, 11,45 kDa merupakan protein antimikroba baru diisolasi dari lendir bekicot. Achasin, memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih baik terhadap Streptococcus mutans, sedangkan mytimacin-AF memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang lebih baik terhadap Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

Potency of probiotic therapy for dental caries prevention Indah Listiana Kriswandini
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 41 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Probiotic therapy is one of the therapies to prevent dental caries prospectively. Such therapy has been used in the medical area but not in dentistry. Probiotic therapy is important to be done since this therapy study ecosystem in oral cavity which has many commensal bacteria more detail. The probiotic material used to prevent dental caries is the microorganism which counter microorganism causing dental caries and its virulent product (acid lactic). Veillonella sp. use lactic acid as the end product of S. mutans which cause the dental caries. The principle of probiotic therapy is the comensalism symbiosis found in oral cavity ecosystem. Veillonella sp could be added to anticipate the lactic acid which cause enamel demineralization. Hopefully dentist will apply probiotic therapy, so there will be more study of Veillonella sp. as probiotic material for dental caries prevention. Further research on Veillonella sp in probiotic therapy and Immunology need to be done to achieve the balance of ecosystem.

The periodontal pain paradox: Difficulty on pain assesment in dental patients (The periodontal pain paradox hypothesis) Haryono Utomo; Indah Listiana Kriswandini; Diah Savitri Ernawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 39 No. 4 (2006): December 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

In daily dental practice, the majority of patients’ main complaints are related to pain. Most patients assume that all pains inside the oral cavity originated from the tooth. One particular case is thermal sensitivity; sometimes patients were being able to point the site of pain, although there is neither visible caries nor secondary caries in dental radiograph. In this case, gingival recession and dentin hypersensitivity are first to be treated to eliminate the pain. If these treatments failed, pain may misdiagnose as pulpal inflammation and lead to unnecessary root canal treatment. Study in pain during periodontal instrumentation of plaque-related periodontitis revealed that the majority of patients feel pain and discomfort during probing and scaling. It seems obvious because an inflammation, either acute or chronic is related to a lowered pain threshold. However, in contrast, in this case report, patient suffered from chronic gingivitis and thermal sensitivity experienced a relative pain-free sensation during probing and scaling. Lowered pain threshold which accompanied by a blunted pain perception upon periodontal instrumentation is proposed to be termed as the periodontal pain paradox. The objective of this study is to reveal the possibility of certain factors in periodontal inflammation which may involved in the periodontal pain paradox hypothesis. Patient with thermal hypersensitivity who was conducted probing and scaling, after the relative pain-free instrumentation, thermal hypersensitivity rapidly disappeared. Based on the successful periodontal treatment, it is concluded that chronic gingivitis may modulate periodontal pain perception which termed as periodontal pain paradox

Synergistic effect of the combination of Cinnamomum burmanii, vigna unguiculata, and papain exracts derived from carica papaya latex against C. albicans biofilms degradation Muhammad Luthfi; Indah Listiana Kriswandini; Fitriah Hasan Zaba
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 2 (2016): June 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection commonly occurs on host with immunodeficiency, organ transplantation, leukopenia, or radiation therapy. Biofilms are structures that protect C. albicans from antifungals treatments. C. albicans biofilms display multidrug resistance to antifungal agents. Purpose: This study aimed to know whether the combination of Cinnamomum burmannii, Vigna unguiculata, and Papain extracts derived from Carica papaya latex has inadequate inhibitory effects against C.albicans biofilms compared to the combination of Cinnamomum burmannii and Vigna unguiculata extracts. Method: C. albicans. growing on SDA were dissolved in 1 McFarland of sterile aquadest. Micro-plate was filled with 180 µL of SDB, glucose 8%, and 20 µL of C. albicans. Suspension was incubated at 37oC overnight. Extracts were added and incubated for 24 hours. Then, each well was washed with distilled water, and stained with crystal violet 0.1% for 15 minutes. Afterward, each well was washed with distilled water and immediately stained with acetic acid. After 15 minutes of staining, the suspension was transferred to a new well, then measured with micro-plate reader at 595 nm. Results: The combination of Cinnamomum burmanii and Vigna unguiculata extracts had adequate inhibitory effects which is equal to 60.75%. Inhibition increased to 72.09%, 79.06%, and 79.50% after Papain derived from Carica papaya latex was added on concentrations of 138 mg/mL, 276 mg/mL, and 552 mg/mL. Conclusion: The combination of Cinnamomum burmanii (0.25µg/mL), Vigna unguiculata (200 µg/mL), and Papain (276 µg/mL) extracts showed an optimum synergic inhibition for C. albicans biofilms.

Characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules Deby Kania Tri Putri; Indah Listiana Kriswandini; Muhammad Luthfi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 4 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Dental caries is a major problem in oral cavity. If dental caries causes cavity, the structure of dental hard tissue will not be reversible because of damage in the structure of the hard tissue. The early pathogenesis mechanism of dental caries is an adhesion interaction between cariogenic Streptococcus mutans microorganisms and tooth surface pellicles. The attachment involves a specific molecular component interaction between the bacterial complement molecules and the surface of the host. Streptococcus sanguis as a dominant ecology at the beginning of bacterial plaque aggregation will colonize the tooth surface earlier than S. mutans. The surface of bacterial cells can express some adesin. The bacteria also can express receptors for adhesins of other bacteria. Specific receptors for adhesions of S. Mutans bacteria are not only found in the pellicles, but also present in pioneer bacteria, such as S. sanguis. Adhesion between those bacteria is called as coagregation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules. Method: This study used a sonication method for protein isolation of S. mutans and S. sanguis bacterial biofilms, as well as electrophoresis method using 12 % SDS-PAGE gel and Western Blot analysis. Result: Results of the protein profile analysis of S. mutans biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 17 bands, each of which molecular weights was 212, 140, 81, 65, 61, 48, 45, 44, 40, 39, 33 , 25, 23, 19, 17, 12, and 11 kDa. On the other hand, results of the protein profile analysis of S. sanguis biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 15 bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, 65, 61, 48, 46, 40, 37, 29, 25, 23, 21, 17, 15, and 12 kDa. And, results of the analysis of S. sanguis receptor molecules using Western blot showed that there were three bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, and 40 kDa. Conclusion: S. sanguis bacteria have specific receptor molecules for S. mutans bacteria with the molecular weight of 130, 85, and 40 kDa.

The increase of VEGF expressions and new blood vessels formation in Wistar rats induced with post-tooth extraction sponge amnion Moh. Basroni Rizal; Elly Munadziroh; Indah Listiana Kriswandini
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 1 (2018): March 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Tooth extraction is the process of removing a tooth from the oral cavity potentially triggering a wound healing response in the body. As a result, many methods have been applied to improve the wound healing process, especially in wounds resulting in complications. One such method involves the application of amniotic membrane which has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fibrosis, anti-scarring properties with low immunogenicity, epithelialization effects, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). It also contains collagen, various growth factors, transferrin, fibronectin, nidogen, proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and laminin. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of sponge amnion on the number of VEGF expressions and new blood vessels in post-tooth extraction wounds of Wistar rats. Methods: Sponge amnion was produced by mixing freeze-dried amnion membrane from the Tissue Bank at RSUD Dr. Soetomo with 1% gelatin before freeze drying the mixture. Wistar rats were then divided into two groups. In Group 1, referred to as the control group, the post-extraction wounds of the rats received no treatment. Meanwhile, in Group 2, the treatment group, the subjects’ post-extraction wounds were treated with sponge amnion. The rats of both groups were sacrificed on day 3 to allow observation of the number of VEGF expressions and new blood vessels. A statistical analysis test, a t-test, was subsequently conducted. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of new blood vessels in the control group and that of the treatment group with a p value of 0.018 (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference in VEGF expression between the two groups with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Sponge amnion can generate a number of VEGF expressions and new blood vessels in the post-extraction wounds of Wistar rats.

Density of Streptococcus mutans biofilm protein induced by glucose, lactose, soy protein and iron Indah Listiana Kriswandini; Indeswati Diyatri; Intan Amalia Putri
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 52 No. 2 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Caries constitute an infectious disease that result from the interaction of bacteria with the host and the oral environment. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) represents the main bacterium that causes caries. The ability of S. mutans to form biofilms in the oral cavity is influenced by daily nutrient intake. This study of bacterial biofilm proteins can be used in the manufacture of kits for the detection of infectious diseases such as caries in the oral cavity. A biomarker is required for the manufacture of the detection kit. Consequently, research must first be conducted to determine the molecular weight and density of S. mutans biofilm proteins induced by several different daily nutrients, namely; 5% glucose, 5% lactose, soy protein and 5% iron. Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the density of S. mutans biofilm protein induced by 5% glucose, 5% lactose, soy protein, and 5% iron. Methods: The density of the S. mutans biofilm protein bands induced were measured using EZ Imager Gel DocTM software. Results: A band of biofilm protein (61.7 kDa) was obtained from S. mutans induced by 5% glucose, four bands of biofilm protein (180 kDa; 153,9 kDa; 43,9 kDa; 37,5 kDa) from 5% lactose induction and seven bands of biofilm protein (157,9 kDa; 86,6 kDa; 66,5 kDa; 50,1 kDa; 37,9 kDa; 32,3 kDa; 29,4 kDa) from soy protein induction. In contrast, S. mutans induced by 5% iron did not show any protein bands. The proteins that result from each inducer are of differing densities. Conclusion: The protein bands from each inducer are of different densities which can be used in the further test to make a biomarker for dental caries detection kits.

The Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan from Haruan (Channa striata) Fish Scales on the Growth of Streptococcus sanguinis Wijayanti Diah Wasi Hutami; Deby Kania Tri Putri; Amy Nindia Carabelly; Indah Listiana Kriswandini; Ariyati Retno Pratiwi; Muhammad Luthfi
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol 3 No 2 (2020): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32793/jida.v3i2.450

Introduction: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral lesion in Banjarmasin, with a prevalence of 45.42%. Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) is thought to be one of the factors causing RAS. One natural ingredient that is often used by the people of South Kalimantan is the Haruan fish. The high Haruan fish consumption will eventually leave fish scales that have the potential to pollute the environment if not addressed immediately. Fish scales contain chitin, which when deacetylated produces chitosan, which has antibacterial properties. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the chitosan from the scales of the Haruan fish (Channa striata) at inhibiting S. sanguinis growth. Methods: This study used a randomized pretest-posttest with control group design using five treatments. The five treatments were subjected to liquid dilution using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method to obtain minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a solid dilution test using the Total Plate Count method to obtain minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The results showed that Haruan scale chitosan proved to be effective as an antibacterial against S. sanguinis, with a MIC of 1.25% and a minimum lethal concentration of 2.5%. One-Way Anova test results showed significance for the MIC test (p = 0,000) and MBC test (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Chitosan from Haruan fish scales is both inhibitory and lethal to S. sanguinis.

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