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Palynology of the Permian Freshwater Deposit in West Timor Lelono, Eko Budi
Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral Vol 17, No 4 (2016): Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral
Publisher : Pusat Survei Geologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (10011.908 KB)

The Permian sediment is considered to be the oldest formation which occurs in West Timor. It derived from Australian continent which was collided in Late Neogene with the Banda volcanic arc in the Timor Island due to northward moving of this continent. It consists of carbonate (limestone) of Maubise Formation and clastic sediment of Bisane Formation (equivalent to Cribas and Atahoc Formations). This study focusses on the Bisane Formation which lithologically comprises thick calcareous sandstone (0.3 - 5 meters) with abundant marine macrofossils of Chrinoid and common mica. These facts suggest that the Bisane Formation was deposited during Permian age in the shallow marine environment. This interpretation supports the previous study to define shallow marine environment for the Permian sequence. However, this study found different lithology of the Bisane Formation in some locations which is composed of the intercalation of noncalcareous, dark gray to black shale and siltstone showing papery structure and rich of sulphur. Seven shale samples were collected randomly due to outcrop limitation. Stratigraphic range and paleoenvironment of key palynomorphs refer to some authors including Traverse (1988), Brugman et al. (1985), Feng et al. (2008), Jan (2014) and Jha et al. (2014). This paper reveals the result of palynological investigation performed on the noncalcareous black shales of the Bisane Formation. Palynological assemblage characterises Permo - Triassic age as indicated by the existence of striate-bisaccate pollen including Protohaploxypinus samoilovichii, P. fuscus, P. goraiensis, Striatopodocarpidites phaleratus, Pinuspollenites globosaccus and Lunatisporites pellucidus. However, the appearance of trilete-monosaccate spores of Plicatipollenites malabarensis and Cannanoropollis janakii defines that the mentioned shales have an age of Permian. The recovered pollen and spores are associated with the freshwater environment as supported by the disappearance of marine dinoflagellates and noncalcareous lithology. Considering tectonic event during Perm which is marked by rifting, it is possible that the analysed sediment is a product of early syn-rift sedimentation as proved by the occurrence of freshwater deposit (probably lacustrine deposit). If this is the case, the appearance of Permian black shale samples provides opportunity to discover new petroleum system in the Paleozoic sedimentary series of West Timor. KEY WORDSPalynology, Permian, Freshwater Sediment, West Timor

POLLEN RECORDS FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WESTERN INDONESIA AS THE EVIDENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES Lelono, Eko Budi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 40, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.51.3.46

In Southeast Asia, Oligocene climate is well known to be represented by dry/ seasonal climate. However, it was reported possible appearance of wet climate period during the expantion of dry condition. This work is aimed to confi rm the Oligocene climate which occurred in western Indonesia. Climate change is useful to understand the Oligocene stratigraphy of Western Indonesia. This study uses cutting samples from off shore exploration wells situated in West and East Java and West Natuna as well as on-shore Central Sumatera and West Java. Samples are processed using standard preparation methods to produce suitable pollen assemblage for quantitative analysis.This study proves that the Oligocene sediments yield rich pollen assemblages including those of environment and climate indicators. Abundant fresh water algae of Pediastrum and Bosedinia in Early Oligocene indicates the appearance of lacustrine sediments. This sediment was formed under dry/ seasonal climate as marked by rich grass pollen Monoporites annulatus in the absence or rare occurance of rain forest elements. Mean while, Late Oligocene is characterised by common brackish elements to indicate shifting paleoenvironment into transition to shallow marine. The climate was changing into wetter condition as evidenced by high appearance of Dacrydium and Casuarina as well as other rain forest palynomorphs. The wettest climate probably occured in Java region which refl ected a wet climate fringe to the eastern margin of Sundaland prior to the collision of the Australian and Asian Plates at the Oligo-Miocene boundary. However, in general, dry/ seasonal climate is the rule for most of the Oligocene in Western Indonesia.

POLLEN RECORD OF THE PERMIAN MARINE SEDIMENTS FROM WEST TIMOR Lelono, Eko Budi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 40, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.51.2.42

This is the fi rst publication to present palynological study on the Permian marine sediments of West Timor. This is aimed to evaluate its palynomorph content. Similar studies have been performed on the Permian sediments which mostly focus on non-marine sediments. 15 surface samples were collected from Lilana river outcrop which comprises the alternation of calcareous shale and sandstone. This outcrop is assumed to represent some parts of Bisane Formation. Standard preparation methods were employed to extract palynomorphs including acid maceration and oxidation. This study applies quantitative method which requires counting of palynomorphs in each sample. This study provides low to moderate pollen recovery which mostly consists of striate and non-striate bisaccates as well as trilete monosaccates. The age restricted taxa appearing in the non-marine sediments also present in the studied samples to mark Permian age such as Protohaploxypinus samoilovichi, Lunatisporites pellucidus, Falcisporites australis, Plicatipollenites malabarensis and Cannanoropollis janakii. On the other hand, common occurrence of marine dinofl agellates of Dapsilidium langii and Veryhachim reductum combined with abundant macrofossil of chrinoids confi rm a shallow marine paleoenvironment. Common green algae of Tasmanites sp. is a firmed evidence for the appearance of potential source rock of hydrocarbon within the Permian shallow marine sediments of West Timor.

DRY CLIMATE EXPANSION ON THE PLEISTOCENE OF INDONESIA AS RECORDED IN ITS POLLEN ASSEMBLAGE Lelono, Eko Budi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 41, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.41.1.69

Most researchers agree that Pleistocene is characterised by glacial and inter glacial periods which are strongly related to dry/ cool and wet/ warm climates. Apparently these are refl ected on their pollen records. The period of dry climate (glacial climate) is characterised by abundant Gramineae pollen, whilst the period of wetter climate (interglacial climate) is indicated by an increase of coastal and mangrove palynomorphs, but greatly reduced frequencies of Gramineae pollen. On the contrary, previous works on the Pleistocene sediments of Java indicated high abundance of grass pollen along this age marking drier climate condition. This paper publishes the study which is intended to evaluate paleoclimate of Java and other area of Indonesia during Pleistocene. For this purpose, some well samples from East Java and Papua were collected. Standar laboratory preparation was employed to extract pollen from the cutting samples. This study applies quantitative method which allows detail climate change interpretation. This study shows that Pleistocene of East Java is characterised by abundant grass pollen of Monoporites annulatus which may correspond to the period of expansion of savanna vegetation coinciding with glacial period. More over, it is indicated by abundant charred Gramineae cuticles which derive from burning grass. This might have been caused by extreme heat which could relate to the volcanic activities existed in East Java. Slightly different record appears in Papua which shows repetition of dry/ wet condition or low/ high sea level. The moist climate related to the phase of sea level rise is marked by abundant brackish pollen which possibly represented interglacial period. It is also supported by the increase of peat swamp and freshwater palynomorphs. On the other hand, dry climate representing glacial period is defined by significant decrease of these brackish and freshwater elements.

Perkembangan Fasies Sedimen Formasi Mamberamo Berumur Miosen Akhir-Pliosen di Cekungan Papua Utara Mamengko, David Victor; B.Sendjadja, Yoga; Mulyana, Budi; Panggabean, Hermes; Haryanto, Iyan; Lelono, Eko Budi; Musu, Juwita Trivianty; Panuju, Panuju
Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral Vol 20, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral
Publisher : Pusat Survei Geologi

North Papua Basin is a fore arc basin located in northern coastal of Papua Island. This basin filled by Middle-Upper Miocene turbidite sediment and overlied by Upper Miocene – Quarternary clastic sediment. Upper Miocene – Quaternary clastic sediments (Mamberamo Formation) composed by interbedding conglomerate, sandstone and shale as molasses deposit. A detailed stratigraphic study was performed to identify facies and its association of the Mamberamo Formation to that give a new perspective on the characteristics and development of facies succession of Lower Mamberamo Formation. Result shows that the Lower Mamberamo Formation consists of three facies: A) cross bedding sandstone (subtidal), B) heterolothic silty shale (intra-tidal), C) carbonaceous shale (supra-tidal) deposited on Late Miocen to Plio-Pleistocene during centra range orogeny (syn-orogeny) as molasses deposits.Keywords: Fore arc basin, North Papua Basin, Mamberamo Formation, molasse deposits.

Zonasi Polen Tersier Indonesia Timur Lelono, Eko Budi
Lembaran publikasi minyak dan gas bumi Vol 41, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : PPPTMGB "LEMIGAS"

Wilayah Indonesia yang tersusun dari berbagai lempeng kerak bumi ternyata berpengaruh terhadap jenis flora yang hidup di kepulauannya sepanjang waktu geologi. Kawasan yang berasal dari Lempeng Asia, dihuni tumbuhan khas Asia, sedangkan kawasan yang terbentuk dari Lempeng Australia, ditumbuhi tanaman yang punya kekerabatan dengan tumbuhan Australia. Sebagai konsekuensinya palinomorf yang dihasilkannya pun beragam sesuai asal lempeng-lempeng tersebut. Oleh karenanya zonasi polen satu daerah dapat berbeda dengan daerah lain. Di kawasan timur Indonesia, hal ini terbukti dengan adanya perbedaan zonasi polen Tersier antara Sulawesi dan Papua. Zonasi polen Sulawesi mirip dengan zonasi polen Jawa yang dipublikasikan oleh Rahardjo, dkk (1994). Hal ini disebabkan karena Sulawesi, terutama bagian baratnya merupakan bagian dari Daratan Sunda (Sundaland), sehingga tumbuhannya adalah khas Asia. Sebaliknya Papua yang merupakan bagian dari Lempeng Australia didominasi oleh tumbuhan yang berasal dari Australia. Zonasi polen Tersier Indonesia Timur yang pernah dipublikasikan adalah untuk Sulawesi dan Papua (Lelono, dkk., 1996). Meskipun demikian zonasi tersebut masih harus disempurnakan karena perconto batuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian belum mewakili batuan sedimen yang terbentuk di kedua pulau tersebut, akibat keterbatasan waktu penelitian. Selain zonasi polen Tersier, dibutuhkan pula zonasi polen umur pra-Tersier, bahkan jika mungkin disusun biostratigrafi pra-Tersier untuk kawasan timur Indonesia karena belum ada yang melakukannya, disamping umumnya sedimen pra-Tersier menjadi target utama eksplorasi migas di kawasan timur Indonesia.

SOUTH NATUNA BASIN RECONFIGURATION BASED ON RECENT SEISMIC AND GRAVITY SURVEYS Padmawidjaja, Tatang; Iskandar, Yusuf; Wibowo, Andy Setyo; Lelono, Eko Budi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 42, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : PPPTMGB "LEMIGAS"

The Geological Survey Center has conducted a seismic survey in the southern Natuna Sea region to obtain geological information below relating to the potential energy resources of the area. The area research is located in the western part and outside the Singkawang Basin area (BG, 2008), which is separated by a Metamorf ridge. 2D seismic survey results show 3 different rock units, namely shallow marine sedimentary rocks, tertiary sedimentary rocks and pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks, with pre-Tertiary sediment depths of less than 2000 ms. Interpretation of seismic data shows the pattern of graben structures that form sub-basins. strong refl ectors seen in seismic record can distinguish pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift deposits. There are 2 wells, namely Datuk 1X and Ambu 1X. Datuk 1X has a depth of 1187 meters, and The Ambu 1X has a depth of 880 meters that is crossed by a seismic line. Both drilling has obtained Tertiary aged sandstone that covers pre-Tertiary bedrock.Gravity anomaly data in the seismic region shows anomaly values between 10 to 54 mgal which form the anomaly ridge and basinThe ridge anomaly extends as an anticline, while the anomaly basin also rises to form a syncline. Sincline and anticline trending southwest - southeast, with widening and narrowing patterns.Based on its geological model, the depth of the sediment is relatively shallow between 1500 to 2000 meters. While the integration between seismic, gravity and geomagnetic data shows the discovery of new basins that have never been described before.Finally, the integration of seismic and gravity data succeed discovers a new basin which has never been delineated before. In addition, it shows the continuity of the regional geological structure spanning from the studied area to the West Natuna Basin which is well known to be rich in hydrocarbon potential.

PERMO-TRIASSIC PALYNOLOGY OF THE WEST TIMOR Lelono, Eko Budi; Nugrahaningsih, L.; Kurniadi, Dedi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 39, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : PPPTMGB "LEMIGAS"

Fifteen surface samples were examined to analyze palynology of the Permo-Triassic sediments ofÂ West Timor. The studied samples were collected from the clastic sediment of Bisane Formation which isÂ considered to be the oldest formation. It derives from the Australian continent (Gondwana) following thecollision with the Banda volcanic arc. The Bisane Formation generally comprises thick calcareous sandstoneÂ (0.3-5 meters) with shale alternation and abundant marine microfossil of Chrinoid. The appearance ofÂ Chrinoid may indicate Permian age and shallow marine environment. Meanwhile, other Bisane sedimentÂ shows different lithology in which it is composed of the intercalation of non-calacreous, dark gray to blackÂ shale and siltstone showing papery structure and rich in sulphur. Generally, palynological assemblage of theÂ studied samples characterises Permo-Triassic age as indicated by the existence of common striate-bisaccate pollen including Protohaploxypinus samoilovichii, P. fuscus, P. goraiensis, Striatopodocarpidites phaleratus, Pinuspollenites globosaccus and Lunatisporites pellucidus. However, the appearance of trilete-monosaccate spores of Plicatipollenites malabarensis and Cannanoropollis janakii within the non-calcareous shale samples deô€‚¿ nes the age as Permian or older for these samples. Interestingly, marine dinoô€ƒ€ agellates appear to mark calcareous samples suggesting the inô€ƒ€ uence of a marine environment. They disappear from the non-calcareous samples indicating a freshwater environment. By integrating this palynological analysis and Permian tectonic event which is marked by rifting, it can be interpreted that the non-calcareous samples were formed during early syn-rift as evidenced by the occurrence of freshwater deposit (may be lacustrine). Subsequently, following sea level rises during post rift, the depositional environment shifted to shallow marine as indicated by the existence of calcareous Permo-Triassic samples. If this is the case, the appearance of Permo-Triassic sediments provides an opportunity to ô€‚¿ nd a new petroleum system in the Paleozoic series of West Timor. Source rock is represented by black shale, whereas reservoir is represented by thick sandstone.

PALYNOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE JAMBI SUB-BASIN, SOUTH SUMATRA Setyaningsih, Christina Ani; Lelono, Eko Budi; Firdaus, Iskandar
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 38, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : PPPTMGB "LEMIGAS"

The palynological study of the Jambi Sub-basin, South Sumatera is carried out to construct biostratigraphyÂ of the identifi ed formation. The palynological analysis provides an age interpretation as well as environmentÂ of depositional interpretation. The study uses outcrop samples which were collected from MeranginÂ River, Muara Jernih and Mengupeh areas. The age of the studied sediment ranges from Early to MiddleÂ Miocene. The top Middle Miocene age is identifi ed by the occurrence of pollen Florschuetzia levipoli andÂ Florschuetzia meridionalis, whilst the base of Early Miocene is marked by the appearance of nannoplanktonÂ Sphenolithus compactust. The studied sediment cropping out at the Merangin River and Muara JernihÂ area interpreted as Talang Akar Formation was deposited in a lower delta plain to delta front during EarlyÂ Miocene. In the Mengupeh area, this sediment shifted landward into upper delta plain to lower delta plainÂ environment during Middle Miocene.

Palinomorf Eosen dari Selat Makasar Lelono, Eko Budi
Lembaran publikasi minyak dan gas bumi Vol 41, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : PPPTMGB "LEMIGAS"

Analisis palinologi yang dilakukan terhadap percontoh serbuk bor yang diambil dari Sumur O interval kedalaman 8100-11850 yang ditajak di Selat Makasar memperlihatkan keragaman dan kelimpahan palinomorf rendah (bagian bawah interval) sampai sedang (bagian atas inter- val). Palinomorf yang ditemukan mencirikan umur Eosen seperti Proxapertites operculatus, Proxapertites cursus, Palmaepollenites kutchensis, Diporoconia iszkaszestgyorgyi dan Cicatricosisporites eocenicus. Dibandingkan dengan Formasi Nanggulan di Yogyakarta, kelimpahan dan keragaman palinomorf Sumur O relatif rendah. Palinomorf yang dijumpai melimpah pada Formasi Nanggulan seperti aff. Beaupreadites matsuokae, Palmaepollenites kutchensis dan Dicolpopollis malesianus memperlihatkan kelimpahan rendah di Sumur O. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena percontoh sedimen di Sumur O interval 8100-11850 berada pada level stratigrafi lebih muda dari pada Formasi Nanggulan yang berumur Eosen Tengah. Diperkirakan percontoh sedimen yang diteliti berumur Eosen Akhir. Interpretasi ini didukung oleh kemunculan polen Proxapertites operculatus (fine reticulate) yang juga muncul pada Formasi Bayah umur Eosen Akhir di Jawa Barat. Selain itu, kelimpahan sedang polen Restioniidites punctulosus mengindikasikan terbentuknya iklim kering yang menandai umur Eosen Akhir seperti terjadi di Jawa, Eropa Barat dan Amerika Utara.

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