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All Journal Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia GIZI INDONESIA
Winda Irwanti, Winda
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Public Health

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Konsumsi rokok dan asupan zat gizi balita pada rumah tangga miskin Irwanti, Winda; Julia, Madarina; Prabandari, Yayi Suryo
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 9, No 3 (2013): Januari
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (152.915 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.15445

Abstract

Background: Eradication of poverty and starvation is still an agenda of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2015 due to the serious impact of poverty and starvation to human beings. Poverty and starvation are worsened by smoking habit of the Indonesian population. Expenditures used for cigarettes may bring bad impact to the health of toddlers, including lack of nutrient intake. However, until today it is not yet precisely known how much lack of nutrient intake in toddlers caused by cigarette consumption. Objective: To identify difference in nutrient intake of energy and protein of toddlers based on the amount of cigarettes consumed in poor household at Yogyakarta Municipality.Method: The study used cross sectional design. Subject consisted of 86 toddlers of two-five years living in poor household at Yogyakarta Municipality. Cigarette consumption, mother of toddlers and all members of the family were obtained from interview. Method to assess intake was multiple 24 hours food recall within four days, whereas interview was used to assess cigarette consumption. Statistical analysis was performed by using Two Sample Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, regression, and Chi-Square.Results: As much as 77.9% of poor household had at least one smoker. There was no significant difference in intake of energy and protein of toddlers living with smokers and non smokers, though percentage of expenditure for food was significantly lower in the household with smokers. This might be due to high consumption of food with high energy density at affordable price and protein at low price. Snacks were the third most consumed by toddlers and 40% of animal protein consumed were eggs.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in intake of energy and protein of toddlers living in the poor household with smokers and those living with non smokers, but percentage of expenditure for food significantly lower in household with smokers. 
HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI, ANEMIA, STATUS INFEKSI, DAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI Sudargo, Toto; Huriyati, Emy; Safitri, Lastiana; Irwanti, Winda; Nugraheni, Sri Ahadi
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 35, No 2 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (335.053 KB)

Abstract

Anak-anak yang tinggal di daerah  GAKI  mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami kelaparan dan rendahnya skor IQ.  Tujuan penelitian ini menjelaskan  hubungan status gizi, anemia, status infeksi, dan  asupan  zat  gizi  (energi,  protein,  karbohidrat,  lemak,  iodium,  vitamin  C,  vitamin  A,  Fe,  Zn,  dan Selenium), dengan fungsi kognitif    anak sekolah dasar (SD) yang tinggal di daerah GAKI, dan  mengetahui kandungan iodium pada tanah dan air di wilayah tersebut. Jenis studi observasional dengan desain crosssectional.  Subjek  penelitian  anak  SD  berusia  9-12  tahun  kelas  3,  4,  dan  5  dari  3  SD  di  daerah  endemik GAKI  Kecamatan  Kismantoro,  Kabupaten  Wonogiri,  Jawa  Tengah.  Status  GAKI  diukur  menggunakan metode  palpasi  dan  Urinary  Iodine  Excretion  (UIE),  status  gizi  dengan  indikator  TB/U,  status  anemia menggunakan Hemocue, status infeksi dengan wawancara pada orangtua, asupan zat gizi menggunakan multiple  food  recall  24  jam  (3  hari),  kandungan  iodium  dalam  tanah  dan  air  menggunakan  Inductive Coupled  Plasma-Mass  Spectrometry  (ICP-MS)  dan  fungsi  kognitif  menggunakan  Weschler  Intelligence Score for Children-Revised  (WISC-R).  Hasil menunjukkan  20 subjek (28,9%) mengalami  GAKI, 27 subjek (39,1%)  stunting,  17  subjek  (24,6%)  anemia,  11  subjek  (15,9%)  infeksi  (ISPA  dan  diare)  dan  57  subjek (82,6%)  mengalami  gangguan  fungsi  kognitif.  Analisis  bivariat  menunjukkan  tidak  terdapat  hubungan signifikan antara status  GAKI  dan infeksi dengan fungsi kognitif (p>0,05). Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status gizi dan anemia dengan fungsi kognitif (p<0,05).  Analisis multivariat asupan zat gizi energi, protein,  karbohidrat,  lemak,  iodium,  vitamin  C,  vitamin  A,  besi,  dan  selenium  memberikan  kontribusi sebesar  20,9%  dari  skor  IQ  total  anak  sekolah.  Hb,  UIE,  dan  asupan  zat  gizi  memberikan  kontribusi sebesar 24,1% dari skor IQ total anak sekolah. Hasil laboratorium menunjukkan  rerata  kandungan  iodiumtanah (2,49 ppm), dan dalam air (2,7ppb) berada di bawah standar. Jadi status gizi dan anemia, asupan zat gizi  berhubungan  dengan  fungsi  kognitif  anak  sekolah.  GAKI  dan  status  infeksi  tidak  berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif. Secara bersama Hb, UIE dan asupan zat gizi berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif. Rerata kandungan iodium pada tanah dan air di wilayah penelitian berada di bawah standar.Kata kunci: GAKI, status gizi, anemia, infeksi, fungsi kognitif
Co-Authors Emy Huriyati Lastiana Safitri, Lastiana Madarina Julia Sri Ahadi Nugraheni, Sri Ahadi Toto Sudargo Yayi Suryo Prabandari