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Pengaruh Ekspor, Impor, dan Investasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Sektor Pertanian Indonesia Suharjon, nFN; Marwanti, Sri; Irianto, Heru
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 35, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v35n1.2017.49-65

Abstract

EnglishPromoting agricultural sector is important for improving Indonesia economic performance. The objectives of the research are to determine the effects of levels and shocks of agricultural export, import, and investment on the growth (GDP) of the Indonesian agriculture sector. The research was conducted using quarterly time series data from 2000–2015. Vector Auto Regression analysis method was applied in this study. The causality analysis shows that the agricultural export, import, and investment levels do not significantly affect the agricultural GDP growth, but the agricultural GDP growth does significantly affect the level of agricultural export, import, and investment. The impulse response analysis shows that the investment response to GDP growth shocks is higher than that of export and import responses. The variance of decomposition analysis shows that the contribution of exports to agricultural GDP growth are larger than the contribution of imports and investments. This study concludes that the absolute value of the agricultural sector export, import, and investment do not affect the sector GDP growth rate, but the agricultural sector GDP growth rate affect the absolute value of the sector export, import, and investment in Indonesia.IndonesianMendorong pertumbuhan sektor pertanian Indonesia adalah penting untuk peningkatan kinerja perekonomian Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh besaran dan goncangan (shock) ekspor, impor, dan investasi sektor pertanian terhadap pertumbuhan (GDP) sektor pertanian Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data time series triwulanan dari tahun 2000–2015. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis Vector Auto Regression (VAR). Hasil analisis kausalitas menunjukkan bahwa ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian, namun pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian berpengaruh nyata terhadap ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian. Hasil analisis impulse response menunjukkan bahwa respons investasi terhadap goncangan pertumbuhan PDB lebih besar dibandingkan respons besaran ekspor dan impor, Analisis variance decomposition menunjukkan kontribusi ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan PDB lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kontribusi impor dan investasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa besaran absolut ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian, namun pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian berpengaruh nyata terhadap besaran ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian di Indonesia.
Keunggulan Komparatif dan Kinerja Ekspor Minyak Sawit Mentah Indonesia di Pasar Internasional prasetyo, agung; Marwanti, Sri; Darsono, nFN
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 35, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v35n2.2017.89-103

Abstract

EnglishThe average growth rate of Indonesia’s CPO  exports was 11.94% per year, far below those of Thailand, Malaysia, and Colombia with growth rates of 59.55%, 25.19%, and 20.35% per year respectively in the 2001–2015 period. That condition was worsened by higher tax enforcement on Indonesian CPO in EU countries in 2012 causing Indonesia shifted its exports to India, China, and Pakistan. This study aims to analyze comparative advantage of Indonesian CPO compared to Malaysia, Thailand, and Colombia using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis. The study also analyzes Indonesia’s CPO export performance in the world markets, especially in India, China, Pakistan, and Netherlands compared to other CPO producers using the Constant Market Share (CMS) approach. RCA analysis showed that Indonesia, Malaysia, Colombia, and Thailand had comparative advantage on CPO. Thailand had the highest RCA index followed by Malaysia, Colombia, and Indonesia. CMS analysis indicated that Indonesia’s CPO export performance was poorer than Malaysia in terms of growth rate, market distribution, and competitiveness, but was better in product composition. Increasing comparative advantage requires synergic policies which include establishing preferential trade agreement, constructing CPO stocking terminals in major importing countries, improving distribution and increasing market penetration.IndonesianRata-rata laju pertumbuhan ekspor minyak sawit mentah (Crude Palm Oil/CPO) Indonesia tahun 2001–2015 adalah 11,94% per tahun, jauh di bawah Thailand, Malaysia, dan Kolombia yang tumbuh masing-masing sebesar 59,55%, 25,19%, dan 20,35% per tahun. Kondisi ini diperburuk dengan pemberlakuan pajak tinggi atas CPO Indonesia di Uni Eropa pada tahun 2012 sehingga mendorong Indonesia mengalihkan fokus ekspor CPO ke India, China, dan Pakistan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keunggulan komparatif CPO Indonesia dibandingkan dengan Malaysia, Thailand, dan Kolombia dengan menggunakan analisis Revealed Comparatif Advantage (RCA) dan mengetahui kinerja ekspor CPO Indonesia di pasar dunia terutama di India, China, Pakistan, dan Belanda dibandingkan produsen CPO lainnya dengan menggunakan pendekatan Constant Market Share (CMS). Analisis RCA menunjukan bahwa Indonesia, Malaysia, Kolombia, dan Thailand sama-sama memiliki keunggulan komparatif pada CPO. Thailand memiliki nilai indeks RCA tertinggi diikuti oleh Malaysia, Kolombia, dan Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis CMS, kinerja ekspor CPO Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan Malaysia dalam aspek pertumbuhan, distribusi pasar, dan daya saing; tetapi lebih baik dalam aspek komposisi produk. Peningkatkan keunggulan komparatif CPO memerlukan kebijakan ekspor sinergis antara lain dengan mengadakan kesepakatan perdagangan preferensial, membangun fasilitas penampungan CPO di negara-negara importir utama, memperbaiki distribusi, dan meningkatkan penetrasi pasar.
Efisiensi Teknis Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi Sawah di Kabupaten Karanganyar, Provinsi Jawa Tengah Restie Novitaningrum; Suprapti Supardi; Sri Marwanti
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 37, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v37n2.2019.123-140

Abstract

EnglishA way to increase rice productivity and production is to increase efficiency by technological innovation. Integrated Crop Management (ICM) is an approach to improve the efficiency of rice farming by integration of technological components that are applied according to local specific condition. This study aims to analyze technical efficiency and inefficiency of integrated crop management implementation in rice farming. The study was conducted in Jaten Subdistrict, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province, in 2017. Primary data was collected from samples of 51 farmers that implemented the ICM and 42 farmers that did not use ICM. Data were analyzed using stochastic frontier production function that was estimated with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. The results show that rice farms have been technically efficient in general. The technical efficiency of ICM adopters in the range of 71,41-98,14% with average 94,04%, higher than those of non ICM adopters in the range of 68,50-96,96% with average 91,72%. There is a room for increasing efficiency. Formal education and ICM adoption increase technical efficiency. Farmer's ability to implement PTT can be improved through extension and training programs.IndonesianSalah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan produksi padi adalah dengan meningkatkan efisiensi melalui inovasi teknologi. Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) merupakan sebuah pendekatan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usaha tani padi dengan integrasi komponen-komponen teknologi yang diterapkan sesuai spesifik lokasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi dan sumber inefisiensi teknis pada penerapan PTT usaha tani padi sawah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Jaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, pada 2017. Data primer dikumpulkan dari 51 petani yang menerapkan PTT dan 42 petani yang tidak menerapkan PTT. Analisis data menggunakan fungsi produksi stokastik frontier yang diduga dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani padi sawah umumnya sudah efisien secara teknis.  Nilai efisiensi teknis usaha tani dengan penerapan PTT berkisar 71,41-98,14% dengan rata-rata 94,04%, lebih tinggi daripada usaha tani tanpa penerapan PTT yang formal berkisar 68,50-96,96% dengan rata-rata 91,72%. Masih ada peluang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi teknis. Pendidikan dan penerapan PTT berpengaruh positif terhadap efisiensi teknis. Kemampuan petani dalam menerapkan PTT dapat ditingkatkan melalui program penyuluhan dan pelatihan.
DISPARITAS GENDER DALAM PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA RAMAH LINGKUNGAN (Gender Disparities in Ecologically Friendly-Tourism Development) Ismi Dwi Astuti Nurhaeni; Rara Sugiarti; Sri Marwanti; Ryza D Pratiwi
PALASTREN Jurnal Studi Gender Vol 10, No 1 (2017): PALASTREN
Publisher : STAIN Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/palastren.v10i1.2280

Abstract

This article explores gender disparities in ecologically friendly-tourism development, including the involvement, competence, internal and external barriers of women and men.  The data were collected using survey on 400 respondents, consisting of women and men and focus group discussion with 18 informants. The data analysis uses analysis of gender disparities on planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the stage of ecologically friendly- tourism development. The finding shows that gender disparities happen in ecologically friendly- tourism development, in which women are still marginalized in terms of their involvement, competency, internal and external barriers.   The highest gender disparities on the involvement of women and men in ecologically friendly-tourism development occurred in the implementation.  Women’s competence is lower than that of men, and women‘s barrier are higher than that of men.    Accordingly, gender mainstreaming in developing environmentally-friendly tourism should be empowered through gender based-financial allocation, especially for eliminating gender stereotip and improving human resources capacities in developing environmentally-friendly tourism.
Pengaruh Ekspor, Impor, dan Investasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Sektor Pertanian Indonesia nFN Suharjon; Sri Marwanti; Heru Irianto
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 35, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v35n1.2017.49-65

Abstract

EnglishPromoting agricultural sector is important for improving Indonesia economic performance. The objectives of the research are to determine the effects of levels and shocks of agricultural export, import, and investment on the growth (GDP) of the Indonesian agriculture sector. The research was conducted using quarterly time series data from 2000–2015. Vector Auto Regression analysis method was applied in this study. The causality analysis shows that the agricultural export, import, and investment levels do not significantly affect the agricultural GDP growth, but the agricultural GDP growth does significantly affect the level of agricultural export, import, and investment. The impulse response analysis shows that the investment response to GDP growth shocks is higher than that of export and import responses. The variance of decomposition analysis shows that the contribution of exports to agricultural GDP growth are larger than the contribution of imports and investments. This study concludes that the absolute value of the agricultural sector export, import, and investment do not affect the sector GDP growth rate, but the agricultural sector GDP growth rate affect the absolute value of the sector export, import, and investment in Indonesia.IndonesianMendorong pertumbuhan sektor pertanian Indonesia adalah penting untuk peningkatan kinerja perekonomian Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh besaran dan goncangan (shock) ekspor, impor, dan investasi sektor pertanian terhadap pertumbuhan (GDP) sektor pertanian Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data time series triwulanan dari tahun 2000–2015. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis Vector Auto Regression (VAR). Hasil analisis kausalitas menunjukkan bahwa ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian, namun pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian berpengaruh nyata terhadap ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian. Hasil analisis impulse response menunjukkan bahwa respons investasi terhadap goncangan pertumbuhan PDB lebih besar dibandingkan respons besaran ekspor dan impor, Analisis variance decomposition menunjukkan kontribusi ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan PDB lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kontribusi impor dan investasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa besaran absolut ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian, namun pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian berpengaruh nyata terhadap besaran ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian di Indonesia.
Keunggulan Komparatif dan Kinerja Ekspor Minyak Sawit Mentah Indonesia di Pasar Internasional agung prasetyo; Sri Marwanti; nFN Darsono
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 35, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v35n2.2017.89-103

Abstract

EnglishThe average growth rate of Indonesia’s CPO  exports was 11.94% per year, far below those of Thailand, Malaysia, and Colombia with growth rates of 59.55%, 25.19%, and 20.35% per year respectively in the 2001–2015 period. That condition was worsened by higher tax enforcement on Indonesian CPO in EU countries in 2012 causing Indonesia shifted its exports to India, China, and Pakistan. This study aims to analyze comparative advantage of Indonesian CPO compared to Malaysia, Thailand, and Colombia using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis. The study also analyzes Indonesia’s CPO export performance in the world markets, especially in India, China, Pakistan, and Netherlands compared to other CPO producers using the Constant Market Share (CMS) approach. RCA analysis showed that Indonesia, Malaysia, Colombia, and Thailand had comparative advantage on CPO. Thailand had the highest RCA index followed by Malaysia, Colombia, and Indonesia. CMS analysis indicated that Indonesia’s CPO export performance was poorer than Malaysia in terms of growth rate, market distribution, and competitiveness, but was better in product composition. Increasing comparative advantage requires synergic policies which include establishing preferential trade agreement, constructing CPO stocking terminals in major importing countries, improving distribution and increasing market penetration.IndonesianRata-rata laju pertumbuhan ekspor minyak sawit mentah (Crude Palm Oil/CPO) Indonesia tahun 2001–2015 adalah 11,94% per tahun, jauh di bawah Thailand, Malaysia, dan Kolombia yang tumbuh masing-masing sebesar 59,55%, 25,19%, dan 20,35% per tahun. Kondisi ini diperburuk dengan pemberlakuan pajak tinggi atas CPO Indonesia di Uni Eropa pada tahun 2012 sehingga mendorong Indonesia mengalihkan fokus ekspor CPO ke India, China, dan Pakistan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keunggulan komparatif CPO Indonesia dibandingkan dengan Malaysia, Thailand, dan Kolombia dengan menggunakan analisis Revealed Comparatif Advantage (RCA) dan mengetahui kinerja ekspor CPO Indonesia di pasar dunia terutama di India, China, Pakistan, dan Belanda dibandingkan produsen CPO lainnya dengan menggunakan pendekatan Constant Market Share (CMS). Analisis RCA menunjukan bahwa Indonesia, Malaysia, Kolombia, dan Thailand sama-sama memiliki keunggulan komparatif pada CPO. Thailand memiliki nilai indeks RCA tertinggi diikuti oleh Malaysia, Kolombia, dan Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis CMS, kinerja ekspor CPO Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan Malaysia dalam aspek pertumbuhan, distribusi pasar, dan daya saing; tetapi lebih baik dalam aspek komposisi produk. Peningkatkan keunggulan komparatif CPO memerlukan kebijakan ekspor sinergis antara lain dengan mengadakan kesepakatan perdagangan preferensial, membangun fasilitas penampungan CPO di negara-negara importir utama, memperbaiki distribusi, dan meningkatkan penetrasi pasar.
Efisiensi Teknis Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi Sawah di Kabupaten Karanganyar, Provinsi Jawa Tengah Restie Novitaningrum; Suprapti Supardi; Sri Marwanti
Jurnal Agro Ekonomi Vol 37, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (614.404 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jae.v37n2.2019.123-140

Abstract

EnglishA way to increase rice productivity and production is to increase efficiency by technological innovation. Integrated Crop Management (ICM) is an approach to improve the efficiency of rice farming by integration of technological components that are applied according to local specific condition. This study aims to analyze technical efficiency and inefficiency of integrated crop management implementation in rice farming. The study was conducted in Jaten Subdistrict, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province, in 2017. Primary data was collected from samples of 51 farmers that implemented the ICM and 42 farmers that did not use ICM. Data were analyzed using stochastic frontier production function that was estimated with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. The results show that rice farms have been technically efficient in general. The technical efficiency of ICM adopters in the range of 71,41-98,14% with average 94,04%, higher than those of non ICM adopters in the range of 68,50-96,96% with average 91,72%. There is a room for increasing efficiency. Formal education and ICM adoption increase technical efficiency. Farmer's ability to implement PTT can be improved through extension and training programs.IndonesianSalah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan produksi padi adalah dengan meningkatkan efisiensi melalui inovasi teknologi. Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) merupakan sebuah pendekatan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usaha tani padi dengan integrasi komponen-komponen teknologi yang diterapkan sesuai spesifik lokasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi dan sumber inefisiensi teknis pada penerapan PTT usaha tani padi sawah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Jaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, pada 2017. Data primer dikumpulkan dari 51 petani yang menerapkan PTT dan 42 petani yang tidak menerapkan PTT. Analisis data menggunakan fungsi produksi stokastik frontier yang diduga dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani padi sawah umumnya sudah efisien secara teknis.  Nilai efisiensi teknis usaha tani dengan penerapan PTT berkisar 71,41-98,14% dengan rata-rata 94,04%, lebih tinggi daripada usaha tani tanpa penerapan PTT yang formal berkisar 68,50-96,96% dengan rata-rata 91,72%. Masih ada peluang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi teknis. Pendidikan dan penerapan PTT berpengaruh positif terhadap efisiensi teknis. Kemampuan petani dalam menerapkan PTT dapat ditingkatkan melalui program penyuluhan dan pelatihan.
Pemberdayaan Kemandirian Pangan Berbasis Urban Farming di Kawasan Padat Penduduk Kota Surakarta Jawa Tengah Umi Barokah; Wiwit Rahayu; Darsono Darsono; Sri Marwanti; Minar Ferichani; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Susi Wuri Ani
PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol 6 No 2 (2021): PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/pengabdianmu.v6i2.1689

Abstract

One of the problems faced in providing food from production to urban households is limited land. This also happened in the city of Surakarta. PKK RT 03 RW XVI, Gendingan Jebres village, Jebres Subdistrict, Surakarta City is a group of women who live in densely populated settlements. The problem faced by households in fulfilling family food is dependence on purchases due to limited land for food production. One solution to overcome this problem is to develop urban agricultural activities to support food self-sufficiency. It's just that PKK members do not have knowledge of urban farming, how to apply it, and the infrastructure is limited. Therefore, this community service activity is carried out to solve this problem by conducting counseling and training on urban farming, providing assistance with production facilities in the form of seeds, seedlings, polybags, wall bags, pots, and planting media. In addition, there was also assistance in implementing urban farming for women members of the PKK. Community service activities that have been carried out have made women members of the PKK RT 03 RW XVI, Gendingan Jebres Village, Jebres subdistrict, Surakarta City have knowledge and skills related to urban farming, have urban farming infrastructure so they can implement urban farming in their environment.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA GULA MERAH KELAPA (Studi Kasus Di Desa Medono Kecamatan Kaliwiro Kabupaten Wonosobo) Mugiono Mugiono; Sri Marwanti; Shofia Nur Awami
MEDIAGRO Vol 10, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (211.403 KB) | DOI: 10.31942/mediagro.v10i2.1586

Abstract

Sugar is one of the staple food of Indonesia's population. Coconut sugar agro-industry currently has a pretty good prospect and to increase household income. One of the coconut sugar producing areas located in the Medono Village, Kaliwiro District, Wonosobo Regency. This study aims to determine the total cost of one month of production and revenue from the business of making coconut sugar, knowing one month production revenues from the business of making coconut sugar and determine the feasibility of the business of making coconut sugar in Medono Village Kaliwiro District Wonosobo Regency. Research using descriptive analytical methods and sampling in this study with sampling purpose, it obtained receipts of Rp 803,763.50 and income of Rp 456,097.96 per month. Based on the analysis of the feasibility of the R/C obtained value of R/C of 2,3 means that the business is economically feasible to be developed. Value for one month production, unit BEP has a number of 57 kilograms and revenue BEP of Rp. 39,212.00.   Keywords: Coconut sugar, farmers, revenue
ANALISIS USAHA RANGKAIAN BUNGA (Studi Kasus Pada Florist Kalisari Semarang) Niken Widyaningsih; Sri Marwanti; Shofia Nur Awami
MEDIAGRO Vol 10, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (220.492 KB) | DOI: 10.31942/mediagro.v10i1.1579

Abstract

The purpose of research to find out how much it costs, net gains and factors affecting net income at Florist Kalisari Semarang. The sampling method used is a sampling technique (purposive sampling), the sample is 31 entrepreneurs flower arrangements. Methods of data collection using primary data and secondary data, while the method of data analysis using descriptive analysis and multiple regression. Total cost in this study is a fixed cost and variable cost. The average fixed cost Rp 5.701.172,00 and the average variable cost Rp 15.418.063,00. The average business revenue Rp 24.720.000,00 with the average amount of the total cost Rp 21.112.140,00 per month of February. The average net revenue earned Rp 3.607.860,00 at the “kios” with an average area of 32,20 m2. The use of production factors were obtained an average production of 124 units as flower arrangements. Regression analysis showed that all of the variables, the cost equipment depreciation and investment real positive effect on business net receipts flower arrangements while labor costs are significantly negative.   Keywords: Agriculture, bussines analysis, florist business analysis