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HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEJADIAN BENCANA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DENGAN JUMLAH PENYAKIT PERNAPASAN DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH PADA TAHUN 2019 Wikananda, Naza Naratama; Subkhan, Mohammad; Levani, Yelvi; Laitupa, Afrita Amalia
Syifa'Medika Vol 12, No 1 (2021): Syifa' MEDIKA: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32502/sm.v12i1.2773

Kebakaran hutan telah menjadi bencana alam yang rutin di Kalimantan. Hal ini meningkatkan dampak polusi yang berkepanjangan. Salah satu dampak polusi yang paling utama adalah pengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan pernapasan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalaha untuk mencari hubungan antara kebakaran hutan dengan penyakit pernapasan. Mencari hubungan antara kebakaran hutan dengan penyakit pernapasan PPOK, Asma dan ISPA. Metode studi ini menggunakan cohort retrospective dengan total sampel. Data polusi yang diambil pada bulan september hingga november terdapat di dua tempat yaitu Kota Palangkaraya dan Kabupaten kotawaringin Timur. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya dan RSUD Dr. Murjani Sampit. Uji statistik menggunakan korelasi Spearmen dan tes Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil dari 277 responden didapatkan tidak ada korelasi antara peningkatan polusi dengan ketiga penyakit. Untuk antar penyakit dengan tingkat polusi signifikansinya adalah p=0,058 (PPOK), p=0,759 (Asma) dan p=0,594 (ISPA). Sebagai kesimpulan, tidak ada hubungan antara tiga penyakit pernapasan dengan peningkatan tingkat polusi yang diakibatkan oleh kebakaran hutan. Tetapi pada polusi tingkat berbahaya terdapat lonjakan yang berarti jika dilihat secara diagram. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dalam waktu yang lebih lama untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat.

The Level of Effectiveness Use of Quinoline Drugs in COVID-19: A Literature Review M.Dedi Dermawan Dermawan; Afrita Amalia Laitupa; Muslim Andala Putra; Nenny Triastuti
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v4i2.4998

ABSTRACT Chloroquine is the first line of medicine in the treatment of malaria. Besides being antimalaria, the chloroquine also can be used as the anti-inflammation in the medicine of arthritis rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus discoid. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is 4-aminoquinolin with hydroxylated chloroquine analog, having the same pharmacokinetic as chloroquine which is given orally in hydroxychloroquine sulfate form, processed by gastrointestinal absorption and very faster kidney elimination. The effectiveness of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine towards COVID-19 in the in vitro experiment showed it could inhibit the duplication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The chloroquine function is to stop COVID-19 infection with (EC50) 1,13 μM and (CC50) larger than 100 μM. Meanwhile, the hydroxychloroquine function is to inhibit the attachment and entry of the virus into the host’s cell by enzymatic activation which is the lysosome acidification disorder and antigen presentation as the result of pH increase. Based on the clinical study, the 10 of 12 patients who have lopinavir/ritonavir therapy by virology, the chloroquine group showed RT-PCR negative on day 7, 10, and 14 in compare to lopinavir/ritonavir that showed RT-PCR negative on day 14. On the 9th day, 60% of the patients of chloroquine group showed the CT scan of Lungs image normal instead of the lopinavir/ritonavir at 25%. In the day 14 based on the CT test result, the pulmonary improvement increased twice rather than chloroquine group (Rate Ratio 2.21). It proved that the chloroquine role showed the result of the medicine has a significant effect by cleaning the virus or other clinical matters. The purpose of this literature review is to know the effectiveness quinoline class of drugs which is chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 disease.Keywords: effectiveness, chloroquine, COVID-19Correspondence: dedydermawan555@gmail.com

The difference in severity and management between children and adult's cases of COVID-19 Mohammad Husin; Gina Noor Djalilah; R A Kaniraras; Afrita Amalia Laitupa
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 5, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v5i1.6229

AbstractCOVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has been started in Wuhan, China, and spread worldwide and resulting in many cases of death. COVID-19 attacks the respiratory tract acutely and infected both children and adults. The number of cases in children is less than in adults. By seeing from the clinical aspect, the COVID-19 case in children is milder. There are differences in immunology responses in children and adults where children have higher immunology response of COVID-19 than adults. Meanwhile, if the immunology response is slow in adults, it may cause them infected by COVID-19 with severe symptoms. There are some relations between immunization with immunology response to SARS-CoV-2 where children who already have BCG vaccination has lower infection rates of acute respiratory tract case. This study aims to know the difference between COVID-19 cases that infected adults and children seen in various aspects.Keywords : COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2, children, adult, severity, managementCorrespondence : mohammad_husin@yahoo.com

Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus Patients Against Covid-19 Jasmin Ananda Wulan; Afrita Amalia Laitupa; Kartika Prahasanti
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 5, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v5i2.4999

ABSTRACTCovid-19 patients with Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranked third after hypertension and cardiovascular disease with an estimated 36% of all Covid-19 cases. These patients have a risk of experiencing a higher complication possibility since their metabolic disorder can cause hyperglycemia to the patient. It is showed that the number of deaths reached 7,3%, which is higher than non-diabetes. The increase of DM patients caused by stress factors may trigger the onset of glucose in blood sugar, and the glucose variability became abnormal. This circumstance may cause a glycemic increase that causes the predisposition intensification of susceptible affected by Covid-19. Good management is truly needed for DM patients affected by Covid-19. It is hoped to reduce the risk factor, such as preventing complications and increasing life quality by regular medical check to have a good prognosis. Some research showed that Covid-19 patients with DM are essential in ICU and need more treatment attention as they may experience Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Diabetes mellitus patients' treatment strategy is to manage the blood glucose level, especially in post-prandial glucose. This literature aims to know the degree of serious illness of Covid-19 patients by the comorbidity of DM in this pandemic event. Keywords: Covid-19, Sars-Cov-2, Diabetes Mellitus, risk factors,Correspondence: jasminananda@gmail.com

Ventilasi dan Perfusi, serta Hubungan antara Ventilasi dan Perfusi: [Ventilation, Perfusion, and Its Correlation in Pulmonary Diagnostic] Afrita Amalia Laitupa; Muhammad Amin
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 2 No. 1 (2016): Januari 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Lung is a place for gas exchange where ventilation and perfusion occurs. Ventilation is the first step where sequential process of inhalation and exhalation take place. Meanwhile perfusion as the other step facilitates the gas exchange and tissue supply need. Blood flows through the lungs are equals as the amount of cardiac output where the factors that control cardiac output are mainly peripheral factors, also control pulmonary blood flow. In general condition, pulmonary blood vessels act as a passive tube, which can be increased with the increasing pressure and narrowed the pressure drop. Oxygen absorption level from lungs into bloodstream is a critical determinant for functional capacity, and an important factor wheter in normal conditions (including exercise) or even in illness state. Lung diffusion capacity is influenced by several geometric and functional factors. Gravitation influence systematic gradient in ventilation and perfusion distribution. Ventilation and blood flow variations at horizontal level also occur due to intrinsic anatomic variations and vascular geometry, as well as the differences in airway and vascular smooth muscle response which modifies the distribution. The change of integrity intrapleural chamber, hydrostatic pressure and osmotic imbalance, malfunction of surfactants, other intrinsic weakness of the branching system in the form of a progressive airway, and all the things that could potentially damage the structure of the lung can cause ventilation and diffusion dysfunction.

Hubungan Antara Kebiasaan Merokok terhadap Tingkat Keparahan Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis Nanda Sinya Dwi Putri; Afrita Amalia Laitupa; Syafarinah Nur Hidayah; Anik Purnawati
Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsms.v3i1.7023

Abstract. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease caused by exposure to exposure and causes airway limitations to enter and leave the lungs. In 2019, WHO reported 3.23 million COPD deaths and is the third leading cause of death in the world. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Indonesia is quite high which is caused by smoking activities, this is a problem in the surrounding environment. assume is one of the main risk factors for COPD and smoking activation is a habit in Indonesia. Writing this literature review uses databases from Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct in the form of full text articles and journals in English and Indonesian with the year of publication 2012-2022. Writing this literature review aims to determine whether there is a relationship between smoking habits and the severity of COPD. Based on scientific articles that have been reviewed, there are signs of a relationship between smoking and the severity of COPD disease. is thought to affect reduced oxygen levels in the body caused by harmful substances contained in cigarettes. The relationship between smoking and COPD is a dose response that is related to the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes consumed each day, which in turn will affect the severity of COPD. Abstrak. Penyakit paru obstruktif kronis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh paparan pajanan dan menyebabkan keterbatasan saluran napas untuk masuk dan keluar dari paru. Pada tahun 2019, WHO melaporkan 3,23 juta kasus kematian PPOK dan merupakan penyebab kematian nomer tiga di dunia. Penyakit paru obstruktif kronis di Indonesia cukup tinggi yang disebabakan oleh aktivitas merokok hal ini menjadi permasalahan di lingkungan sekitar. Merokok merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama terjadinya PPOK dan aktivatas merokok menjadi kebiasaan di Indonesia. Penulisan literature review ini menggunakan database dari Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct berupa artikel dan jurnal full text bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia dengan tahun penerbitan 2012-2022. Penulisan literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan kebiasaan merokok terhadap tingkat keparahan penyakit PPOK. Berdasarkan artikel-artikel ilmiah yang sudah di telaah menunjukan terdapat hubungan merokok dengan tingkat keparahan penyakit PPOK. Merokok dapat mempengaruhi berkurangnya kadar oksigen di dalam tubuh yang disebabkan oleh zat-zat berbahaya yang terkandung di dalam rokok. Hubungan merokok dengan penyakit PPOK adalah dose response yang berhubungan dengan durasi lama merokok dengan jumlah batang rokok yang dikomsumsi setiap hari sehingga nantinya akan mempengaruhi derajat keparahan penyakit PPOK.

Literature Review: Pengaruh Pegagan terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Aliffia Ayu Kusumaningrum; Nova Primadina; Afrita Amalia Laitupa; Nenny Triastuti
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 3, No 7 (2023): Volume 3 Nomor 7 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

ABSTRACT Burns are injuries caused by the passage of energy from a heat source to the body's tissue under the skin. Each year, 265,000 people die from burns globally, according to WHO (2014). Both traditional and conventional medicine have been used to treat burns, but the price of conventional drugs is relatively high, resulting in inefficient use and side effects such as scar tissue formation, whereas traditional medicine is feared for infection and decreased drug effectiveness due to improper processing. The purpose of this Literature Review is to assess the effect of Centella asiatica on burn healing in general, as well as to investigate the healing quality of burns and the content of Centella asiatica compounds that can cure burns in particular.The search engines Garuda, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, and PubMed are used to access and collect data for the study. The search strategy is full-text articles in English and Indonesian from 2012 to 2022. According to comparative research, gotu kola has an anti-inflammatory impact that inhibits inhibition of the proliferative process, and saponin content can speed the creation of connective tissue from collagen type I to type III and avoid scar formation. If there is too much type I collagen, it will burn, asiaticoside will act as an antioxidant, and madecoside will act as an antibacterial. Asiatica has the capacity to cure second degree A (superficial) burns, especially when the leaves are applied. The extract required is sorted by speed, percentage of healing, and medicinal gel administration (HPMC) 96% ethanol gel extract, 70% ethanol extract, 2% Gotu Kola herb, and 2% ethanol extract 96% ethanolic extract gel of Pegagan herb 6% with 8% HPMC concentration, and 96% herb ethanol extract Gotu Kola 6% in the form of Carbopol 934 gel. Keywords: Centella Asiatica Extract, Burn Healing, Gotu Kola Effect ABSTRAK Luka bakar adalah kerusakan jaringan bawah kulit tubuh yang diakibatkan oleh pengalihan energi dari suatu sumber panas kepada tubuh. WHO (2014) memperkirakan 265.000 orang meninggal disebabkan luka bakar setiap tahun di dunia. Pengobatan luka bakar sudah banyak beredar baik secara tradisional maupun obat konvensional namun harganya relatif mahal untuk obat konvensional menyebabkan penggunaan tidak maksimal serta memiliki efek samping seperti pembentukan jaringan parut sementara obat tradisional ditakutkan terjadinya infeksi dan penurunan efektivitas obat akibat pengolahan tidak tepat. Literature Review ini bertujuan secara umum untuk mengetahui pengaruh pegagan terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar dan secara khusus, untuk menganalisa kualitas penyembuhan luka bakar dan melihat kandungan senyawa pegagan yang bisa menyembuhkan luka bakar. Studi menggunakan metode pengambilan dan pengumpulan informasi melalui mesin pencarian Garuda, Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan PubMed. Algoritme pencarian yang digunakan berupa artikel teks lengkap, berbahasa Inggris maupun bahasa Indonesia dari tahun 2012-2022. Berdasarkan artikel-artikel perbandingan diketahui bahwa penelitian pegagan pada luka bakar memiliki efek sebagai penyembuh luka bakar dengan kandungan flavonoid sebagai anti-inflamasi yang mencegah terhambatnya proses proliferasi, kandungan saponin bisa mempercepat pembentukan jaringan ikat dari kolagen tipe I ke tipe III dan mencegah pembentukan bekas luka bakar jika jumlah kolagen tipe I terlalu banyak, asiatikosida sebagai antioksidan, dan madekosida sebagai antibakteri . Tanaman obat Pegagan memiliki efek penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II A (dangkal) terutama penggunaan bagian daunnya, Ekstrak yang dibutuhkan jika diurut dari kecepatan, persentase kesembuhan, pengaplikasiannya jatuh kepada dasar obat gel (HPMC) ekstrak Etanol 70% Herba Pegagan 2%, Gel ekstrak etanol 96% herba Pegagan 5% dengan konsentrasi Carbopol 940 1%, Ekstrak etanol 70% herba Pegagan 3% dengan konsentrasi Gel Carbopol 940 1%, Gel ekstrak etanol 96% herba Pegagan 6% dengan konsentrasi HPMC 8%, Ekstrak Etanol 96% Herba Pegagan 6% dalam bentuk gel Carbopol 934, dan senyawa dalam tanaman obat Pegagan dapat menyembuhkan luka bakar adalah flavonoid, saponin, dan asiatikosida dengan fungsi masing-masingnya Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Pegagan, Penyembuhan Luka Bakar, Efek Pegagan

Gambaran Faktor Risiko Lanjut Usia Terhadap Kematian Pasien COVID-19 Yoga Eko Saputra; Kartika Prahasanti; Afrita Amalia Laitupa; Detti Nur Irawati
JURNAL PANDU HUSADA Vol 2, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jph.v2i2.6402

Dunia saat ini dikejutkan dengan wabah virus baru COVID-19 yang bermulai dari Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei yang menyebar dengan cepat hingga berbagai negara. Menanggapi masalah ini WHO menetapkan COVID-19 sebagai pandemi global. Virus ini dapat ditularkan dari manusia ke manusia dan telah menyebar secara luas di China dan lebih dari 190 negara dan teritori lainnya. Sampai tanggal 29 Maret 2020, terdapat 634.835 kasus dan 33.106 jumlah kematian di seluruh dunia. Sementara di Indonesia dilaporkan ditemukan sejumlah 2 kasus pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020 dan merupakan tingkat kematian tertinggi di Asia Tenggara. Kematian akibat COVID-19 dapat terjadi pada bayi hingga lanjut usia. Lanjut usia tetap menjadi faktor risiko kematian utama dibandingkan dengan usia yang lain dikarenakan beberapa faktor seperti gangguan kognitif, gangguan perilaku, dan sebagainya. Lanjut usia juga sering dikaitkan dengan penyakit komorbid seperti hipertensi dan diabetes. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko lanjut usia terhadap kematian pasien dengan COVID-19 .

Pemberian Terapi Vitamin C pada COVID-19 Mohammad hasan; Yelvi Levani; Afrita Amalia Laitupa; Nenny Triastuti
JURNAL PANDU HUSADA Vol 2, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jph.v2i2.5754

Abstrak: Vitamin C merupakan salah satu nutrisi yang tidak bisa disintesis oleh manusia. Fungsi Vitamin C dalam tubuh sangat banyak, salah satunya sebagai antioksidan dan efek pada sistem imun. Vitamin C terbukti dapat melawan virus karena sebagai imunomodulasi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi interferon dan mengatur sintesis sitokin proinflamasi. Vitamin C berhasil mencegah dan mengurangi pasien ICU pada ISPA. Vitamin C juga mepercepat kesembuhan pada penyakit flu. Pemberian terapi vitamin C diharapkan membantu dalam menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada COVID-19. Vitamin C pada tubuh pasien COVID-19 juga menurun, sehingga sangat dibutuhkan terapi vitamin C. Vitamin C dapat sebagai imunosupresan yang akan menghambat cytokin storm pada pasien COVID-19. Vitamin C dalam pasien yang terinfeksi virus dapat menghambat ROS. Pemberian vitamin C dengan dosis tinggi dapat membantu penyembuhan dalam dengan sepsis. Dokter di China melaporkan 50 pasien COVID-19 dengan pemberian vitamin C berhasil sembuh. Hal ini dapat membuktikan vitamin C dapat dijadikan terapi pada pasien COVID-19. Tujuan pembuatan literature review ini untuk mengatahui efektivitas vitamin C pada pasien COVID-19.Kata kunci: Vitamin C, Terapi, COVID-19Abstract: Vitamin C is one of the nutrition that cannot be synthesized by human. There are so many function of Vitamin C for our body, one of them is become an antioxidant and affects immune system. Vitamin C has been proofed can against virus as immunomodulation, so that can increase the production of interferon and arrange the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Vitamin C is succeeded in preventing and reducing ISPA patient from ICU. It also fasten the flu disease recovery. The Vitamin C therapy administration is expected can help decreasing morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patient. The amount of Vitamin C in patient's body is also decreasing. For the reason, the Vitamin C therapy is needed. Vitamin C can also be immunosuppressants than will inhibit cytokin storm of COVID-19's patient. The Vitamin C present's in COVID-19's patient body is to inhibit ROS. The high dose of Vitamin C administration can help the inside recovery by sepsis. Some

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