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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,355 Documents

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Spent Bleaching Earth Recovery of Used Motor-Oil Refinery Sabour, Mohammad Reza; Shahi, Mahsa
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Bleaching earth refers to natural or activated clay which has the capacity to adsorb colored materials and other impurities during oil purification processes. This research utilized the spent bleaching earth (SBE) in used motor oil purification process via thermal remediation (650 ËC) and acid washing methods (1 M HCl). Then, the activated spent bleaching earth (ASBE) was characterized. The results obtained from the BET analysis show the specific surface area and pore volume of the ASBE, activated virgin bleaching earth (AVBE) and virgin bleaching earth (VBE). These parameters are 100.38 m2g-1 and 0.23 cm3g-1 for the activated spent bleaching earth, 100.82 m2g-1 and 0.22 cm3g-1 for the activated virgin bleaching earth and 83.34 m2g-1 and 0.19 cm3g-1 for the virgin bleaching earth. The BJH analysis indicates that SBE activation increases mesopores in ASBE. In addition, results obtained from the XRD and FTIR tests illustrate that activation of SBE does not affect the physical and chemical properties of montmorillonite clay. Furthermore, SEM observations indicate surface morphology improvement in ASBE. Hence, activation of earth enhances its adsorption efficiency in comparison with virgin bleaching earth.

Absorption Characteristics of Lightweight Concrete Containing Densified Polystyrene Herki, Bengin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 8 (2017): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The environmental impacts of the construction industry can be minimised through using waste and recycled materials to replace natural resources. Results are presented of an experimental study concerning capillary transport of water in concrete incorporating densified expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a novel aggregate. A new environmentally friendly technique of densifying was used to improve the resistance to segregation of EPS beads in concrete. Twelve concrete mixes with three different water/cement ratios of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 with varying novel aggregate content ratios of 0, 30, 60 and 100% as partial replacement for natural aggregate by equivalent volume were prepared and tested. Total absorption, absorption by capillary action, and compressive strength was determined for the various concrete mixes at different curing times. The results indicated that there is an increase in total water absorption (WA) and capillary water absorption (CWA) and a decrease in compressive strength with increasing amounts of the novel aggregate in concrete. However, there is no significant difference between the CWA of control and concretes containing lower replacement level.

Comparative Study of Landsat and Aster Data by Morphometric Analysis Kumar, Sujit; Bhandary, Tapasi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2015): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this paper, a case-study is presented to differentiate between Landsat and Aster data by morphometric analysis. For this the Aster and Landsat digital elevation model (DEM) data of the same study area was taken and then both the data was delineated for the same (common) outlet. The major differences found in between Landsat and Aster data after delineation are in the number of first order stream, axial length of streams, average width and size of watershed. The case study presented will be useful in demonstrating the fact that Landsat DEM has better accuracy than Aster DEM for land cover areas when the DEM data characteristic are kept similar.

Laser Drilling of Small Holes in Different Kinds of Concrete Nagai, Kaori; Beckemper, Stefan; Poprawe, Reinhart
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Recently, in Japan, safety measures such as earthquake-resistant reinforcement work and tile-reinforcement work are increasing. Current concrete drilling methods have issues such as noise, vibration, dust, and reaction force. These methods are causing stress for the residents. Consequently, solutions are being sought for work taking place on skyscrapers and at facilities that cannot shut down during construction, such as hotels, schools, hospitals and geriatric facilities for instance.Â Â This study investigated how laser drilling change the conditions, depending on the type of concrete in order to determine the possibility of using laser drilling for tile-reinforcement work and repairing concrete on building exterior. The results confirmed that itâs possible to successfully drill holes for drilling diameters of 4 to 6 mm and depths of around 50 mm in concrete with a compressive strength within the range of 20 to 100 N/mm2 by adjusting laser conditions. In case of deep holes the CW-mode should be chosen. Furthermore, by controlling laser irradiation conditions, it is possible to change the shape of the holes. These different kinds of holes are suitable for different applications. It is expected that laser irradiation drilling will be applied to new construction methods.

Water Management Using System Dynamics Modeling in Semi-arid Regions Hamid Reza Nassery; Rouhollah Adinehvand; Abdalrahim Salavitabar; Reza Barati
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Quantitative control and safe exploitation of water resources are crucial components for the sustainable development of any region due to increasing water scarcity, especially in arid and semiarid regions. A proper water resources management program of the Tabriz plain is necessary because of the groundwater excessive exploitation and the surface water limitations. The present study aims to develop a system dynamics (SD) model not only to identify safe groundwater level fluctuations and exploitation but also to determine the amount of supply and deficits of municipal-industry and agricultural uses by considering various water management strategies. The integrated water resources including surface and groundwater resources were included in the analyses. The considered alternatives are the development of sewage collection networks, enhancement of agricultural efficiency, climate changes effects, artificial recharge and changes of the allocation of the surface and groundwater in supplying water needs. SD modeling application showed that if the current management policy was continued, the users will face a crisis of the water supply for various uses in the future. Increase in agricultural efficiency, reducing in groundwater extraction and artificial recharge in Tabriz plain must be considered to prevent the crisis. The current model provides a better understanding of the principal challenge of balancing supply and demand with regards to drastic changes of water resources in arid or semiarid regions.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Shear Retrofitting of RC Beams by Prefabricated UHPFRC Sheets Kian Aghani; Hassan Afshin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 5 (2016): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Different methods are used for retrofitting RC members. One of the new methods in this field is using externally bonded fiber-reinforced Concrete (FRC) sheets in order to increase RC member’s shear and flexural strength. In this study, applicability of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete sheets in shear and flexural retrofitting of RC beams was investigated. In total, eight RC beams (dimensions 10×20×150 cm) with two different bending capacity and lack of shear strength were used and were tested in 3-points bending test. Of these, four were control beams and four were retrofitted with laterally bonded UHPFRC sheets. Dimensions of the sheets used for retrofitting were (3×15×126 cm). Also FEM analysis was used to model the effect of The method. the results show that this method can be well used for retrofitting RC beams. In this method the way of connecting sheets to beam’s surfaces has a fundamental role in behavior of retrofitted beams.

An Analogue Experiment on Pervious Concrete Subject to Dust Fall Blocking Lin, Qijian; Choufu, Liang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Increased urbanization comes with increased traffic volume which gradually decrease the draining effect of porous asphalt concrete through porosity blocking. This study aims to discuss clogging as a result of dust or sand and the subsequent changes at the permeability function after rainfall. Four groups of pervious concrete mixtures were prepared. Aggregates were coarse and fine bottom ashes from the refuse incinerator. Prior to conducting the experiments, the permeability in the groups ranged from 1399.75 ~ 1412.91 ml/15sec. We adopted the 2011 average monthly dust fall in Pingtung County and magnified it by 10 and 20 times to simulate natural dust fall and clump dust fall on the pavement. Ruling out other factors, our results suggest that natural dust fall has little influence on the water permeability of pervious concrete. Water permeability was reduced sharply when the natural dust fall was increased 15 times. Moreover, it never surpassed the 400 ml/15sec minimum of the Japanese porous pavement technical indicator.

Dynamic Response of Bridge-Ship Collision Considering Pile-Soil Interaction Hussein Yousif Aziz; HE Yun Yong; Baydaa Hussain Mauls
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

According to most countries’ norms, and to find the effect of the bridge collision the equivalent static method was designed for bridge-ship collision, ignoring the dynamic effects of shocks. It is sharply different from actual situation. So based on the theory of Winkler foundation, shearing strain theory of Timoshenko and potential energy variation functional principle of Hamilton, the simulation models of bridge piers was built considering the pile–soil interaction. Lateral transient vibration equation of bridge piers was concluded. Based on the theory of integral transform, the differential equation of the collision system and the boundary conditions were transformed with Laplace transformation; the analytical solution of the stress wave in frequency domain was concluded. And then the inversion of solution in frequency domain was carried out using Matlab based on the Crump inverse transformation. Finally the dynamic response law of displacement, normal stress and the shear stress of bridge piers were obtained.

A Numerical Investigation of Segmental Lining Joints Interactions in Tunnels-Qomrud Water Conveyance Tunnel Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi; Ali Mortazavi; Seyed Morteza Davarpanah; Hamid Zarei
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 7 (2016): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A comprehensive analysis of segmental lining joints can assist to guarantee a safe construction during tunnelling and serviceably stages. This paper has thoroughly investigated the interaction mechanism of precast concrete lining joints in tunnels. The Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC), a two-dimensional numerical program based on the distinct element method (DEM) for discontinuum modelling, was implemented to simulated a typical segmental lining model consisting of six segment rings. In the analyses, the typical segmental lining design parameters of Qomrud water conveyance tunnel, aimed to transfer 100 million cu. m. water from the origins of Dez River to central Iranian desert, were employed to fulfil the purpose of the research. In the conducted analyses, the worst-case scenario of the loading faced during the boring of Qomrud tunnel was considered. This was highly associated with the existence of the crushed zone dipping at 75 degree at the location of the key segment. The worst scenario based on the condition that concerns the crushed zone intersect segmental lining at the location of key segment has been taken into consideration. In this study, the load acting on the joints of the segments includes the gravity load from the tunnel overburden and the crushed zone stratum force that intersects tunnel with 75 slopes at the location of the key segment, the gravity force of the segments and the earth pressure. The numerical investigation has been used for the different coefficients of stress concentration of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and also different geological conditions of the saturated crushed zone under critical scenario.

Developing an ANN Based Streamflow Forecast Model Utilizing Data-Mining Techniques to Improve Reservoir Streamflow Prediction Accuracy: A Case Study Hamed Zamanisabzi; James Phillip King; Naci Dilekli; Bahareh Shoghli; Shalamu Abudu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study illustrates the benefits of data pre-processing through supervised data-mining techniques and utilizing those processed data in an artificial neural networks (ANNs) for streamflow prediction. Two major categories of physical parameters such as snowpack data and time-dependent trend indices were utilized as predictors of streamflow values. Correlation analysis of different models indicate that, for the period of January to June, using fewer predictors led to simpler modeling with equivalent accuracy on daily prediction models. This did not hold in all periods. For monthly prediction models, accuracy was improved compared to earlier works done to predict monthly streamflow for the same case of Elephant Butte Reservoir (EB), NM. Overall, superior prediction performance was achieved by utilizing data-mining techniques for pre-processing historical data, extracting the most effective predictors, correlation analysis, extracting and utilizing combined climate variability indices, physical indices, and employing several developed ANNs for different prediction periods of the year.

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