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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,355 Documents

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Risk Response Selection in Construction Projects Hafeth I. Naji; Rouwaida Hussein Ali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 12 (2017): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Risk and its management is important for the success of the project, the risk management, which encompassed of planning, identification, analysis, and response has an important phase, which is risk response and it should not be undermined, as its success going to the projects the capability to overcome the uncertainty and thus an effective tool in project risk management, risk response used the collective information in the analysis stage and in order to take decision how to improve the possibility to complete the project within time, cost and performance. This stage work on preparing the response to the main risks and appoint the people who are responsible for each response. When it's needed risk response may be started in quantitative analysis stage and the repetition may be possible between the analysis and risk response stage. The aim of this research is to provide a methodology to make the plane for unexpected events and control uncertain situations and identify the reason for risk response failure and to respond to risk successfully by using the optimization method to select the best strategy. The methodology of this research divided into four parts, the first part main object is to find the projects whose risk response is failed, the second part includes the reasons for risk response Failure, the third part includes finding the most important risks generated from risk response that leads to increasing the cost of construction projects, the fourth part of the management system is selecting the optimal risk response strategy. An optimization model was used to select the optimal strategy to treat the risk by using Serval constraints such as the cost of the project, time of the project, Gravitational Search Algorithm and particle swarm used. The result of the risk response selection shows that The investment (contractor, bank) strategy shows a very good strategy as it saves the cost about 30%, while the Mitigate (pay for advances with interest 0. 1) Strategy show saving the cost 40% and giving land to contractors show saving the cost 40% finally the BIM strategy show saving the cost 25%. The risk response is an important part and should give a great attention and it must be used sophisticated method to select the optimal strategy, the two techniques both show high efficiency in selecting the strategy but Gravitational Search Algorithm show better performance.

Artificial Neural Network-Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (ANN-COA) for Optimal Control of Khorramabad Wastewater Treatment Plant, Iran Samaneh Khademikia; Ali Haghizadeh; Hatam Godini; Ghodratollah Shams Khorramabadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 11 (2016): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this study a hybrid estimation model ANN-COA developed to provide an accurate prediction of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). An effective strategy for detection of some output parameters tested on a hardware setup in WWTP. This model is designed utilizing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) to improve model performances; which is trained by a historical set of data collected during a 6 months operation. ANN-COA based on the difference between the measured and simulated values, allowed a quick revealing of the faults. The method could obtain the fault detection and used in solving continuous and discrete optimization problems, successfully. After constructing and modelling the method, selected performance indices including coefficient of Regression, Mean-Square Error, Root-Mean-Square Error and Aggregated Measure used to compare the obtained results. This analysis revealed that the hybrid ANN-COA model offers a higher degree of accuracy for predicting and control the WWTP.

An Algorithm for Determining Optimum Link Traffic Volume Counts for Estimation of Origin-Destination Matrix Mehdi Mahmudabadi; Golam Ali Behzadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Travel demand information is one of the most important inputs in transportation planning. Today, the access to origin-destination (OD) matrix using traffic volume count information has caught the researchers’ attention because these methods can estimate OD matrices based on the flow volume in the links of network with a high accuracy at a much lower cost over a short time. In such algorithms, the number and location of links are one of the main parameters for traffic volume count; hence a better OD matrix can be achieved by choosing the optimum links. In this paper, an algorithm is presented to determine the number and location of optimum links for traffic volume count. The method specifies the minimum links to cover the maximum elements of OD matrix. This algorithm is especially useful for the estimation of ODM through gradient method, because only the O-D pairs covered by link traffic counts are adjusted and estimated in the gradient method. The algorithm is then scripted via EMME/2 and FoxPro and implemented for a large-scale real network (Mashhad). The results show that about 95% of the ODM can be covered and then adjusted by counting only 8% of the links in the network of Mashhad.

FE Model of Low Grade Rubber for Modeling Housing’s Low-Cost Rubber Base Isolators Hidajat Sugihardjo; Tavio Tavio; Yudha Lesmana
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

An accurate selection of strain energy function (SEF) plays a very important role for predicting the actual behavior of rubber material in the finite element analysis (FEA). The common method for selecting the SEF is by using the curve fitting procedure. However, the behavior of some typical rubbers, such as low grade rubbers (average hardness value of 47.2), cannot be predicted well by only using the curve fitting procedure. To accurately predict the actual behavior of such specifically nearly incompressible material, a series of FEA were carried out to simulate the actual behavior of four physical testing materials, namely the uniaxial, the planar shear, the equibiaxial, and the volumetric tests. This FEA is intended to examine the most suitable constitutive model in representing the rubber characteristics and behavior. From the comparisons, it can be concluded that the Ogden model provides a reasonably accurate prediction compared to the remaining investigated constitutive material models. Finally, the appropriate SEF, i.e. the Ogden model, was adopted for modeling a low-cost rubber base isolator (LCRBI) in the finite element analysis (FEA). The simple uniaxial compression test of the LCRBI is required for validating that the selected SEF works for predicting the actual behavior of LCRBI.

Diagnostic and Assessment Benefits and Barriers of BIM in Construction Project Management Faiq Al-Zwainy; Ibraheem A. Mohammed; Kamil A. K. Al-Shaikhli
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2017): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper aims to diagnostic and assessment the benefits and barriers of Building Information Modelling in the construction project management. Both open and closed questionnaire was used to explore the views of a number of Iraqi engineers; in order to investigate the level of BIM implementation in Iraq construction sector. Questionnaire indicated an acceptable awareness of (BIM) in Iraq, especially among the young generation of engineers which indicates the arrival of the evolutionary stream of BIM in the next few years. Moreover, questionnaire showed that the most important advantage of implementing BIM in the Iraqi construction sector was the ability to generate accurate 2D plans at any stage, while the least important advantage was the ability to provide a careful planning of the site facilities, with a relative importance of (82 %) and (33 %) respectively. Furthermore, the most important barrier to its implementation was the unspecified responsibilities for data content, as presented by questionnaire, while the least important barrier was the lack of programs efficiency in data exchange and internal collaboration, with a relative importance of (81 %) and (34 %) respectively.

An Analytical Method for Crack Detection of Beams with Uncertain Boundary Conditions by a Concentrated Test Mass Seyed Milad Mohtasebi; Naser Khaji
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The aim of this study is to introduce a method for crack detection and simultaneously assessing boundary conditions in beams. This study suggests a method based on the effect of a concentrated test mass on the natural frequency that is defined as a stationary mass, which can be located in different positions of the beam and cannot be separated from the beam. Timoshenko beam theory is used to calculate the frequencies. In this method, a beam with the desired number of cracks is modeled. The beam is divided into separated parts at crack section which are joined together by elastic weightless torsion springs, to avoid non-linearity effects, it is assumed that the crack is always open. At the first step, equations for a cracked beam are extracted by considering the spring boundary conditions. Then, to verify the equations, numerical finite element model is used. In this way, a new method is also applied to model the torsion springs in supports and it is shown that suggested model is acceptable. Eventually, the obtained responses are evaluated and the sources of errors are identified. To correct the existing errors, a modifying function is suggested. Finally, the inverse problem is solved.

The Identity of Iranian Architecture and the Formation of Fashion Design Ideas Pouria Mohammad Karimi; Cyrus Bavar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Throughout history, fashion and architecture have repeated each other in terms of form and appearance. It seems quite natural that they share not only their initial function, which is to provide shelter and protect human; but also show skills in creating space and volume beyond the two-dimensional plates and materials. In recent years, the relationship between clothing design and architecture has become more significant. Computer tools and software have changed the borders of designing each one. Buildings are more fluid and clothes are more architectural. The architectural alphabet in fashion from one hand, and on the other hand the fashion ideas and methods used in architecture as well as experiencing similar themes in both domains are among the features of these arts. The exploitation of such common points among the two areas challenges the conventional ideas and pre-defined concepts of design, putting forward new solutions and experiences for designers. In this research, some of these common ideas have been studied and how these ideas are linked within both of these domains. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical; and data are collected from documents and research materials including books, articles, photos and electronic resources. This research seeks the common ideas in architecture and fashion and their mutual interaction with each other and provides some examples in both arts. The results of this research show that architecture has an effective role in shaping fashion and the attitude to the clothing design.

Comprehensive Earthquake Catalogs and Seismicity Parameters from Incomplete Earthquake Catalogs of Guilan Region, Iran Ali Ghorbani; Ardavan Izadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2017): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Statistics of human losses and financial casualties in Guilan province as one of the most populated and strategic areas in the north of Iran have doubled the importance of having knowledge about earthquake and strategies to reduce its effect. In order to investigate seismic hazard analysis, earthquake records along with selecting the proper distance of intended locations were gathered to make Poissonian catalogs. The earthquake catalogs cover the geographical area limited to 35.0°-39.3°N, 47.1-52.2°E and include around 4,000 earthquake events between the years of 855 to 2016. An extensive amount of efforts and times are required to eliminate duplicated events, to unify the magnitude scales and to cluster the earthquake sequences with variable windows in time and location domains to remove aftershocks and foreshocks. The Final homogenous catalog consists of around 110 events for each region. Magnitude of completeness in different time intervals is reported for Guilan region. Seismicity parameters were achieved using Gutenberg-Richter method by Zmap and Kijko-Sellovell approaches for important cities of Guilan including Rasht, Anzali, Rudbar, and Lahijan. Comparative analysis of the results from Zmap and Kijko-Sellovell approaches shows good consistency in the estimation of seismic parameters with the result of literature.

Optimization of the Allowable Speed on Iran’s Freeways to Reduce Violations and Accidents, Using Zero-Truncated Poisson Regression Model Mansour Hadji Hosseinlou; Alireza Mahdavi; Mojtaba Alinezhad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Countries from all over the world including Iran, consider different maximum allowable speeds to control and maintain traffic safety on their freeways, but these actions have not been successful even with the police surveillance. Even though speeding is not the only cause of accidents, past studies indicate that speed plays a vital role in such events. Since respecting the speed limits have not prevented driving violations and traffic accidents, there’s doubt among decision-makers, about the applicability and safety of these legal speed limits in different weather and traffic conditions. They think perhaps there is a need for an optimized and safe speed after doing required studies. Even in the police instructions and notifications in unfavorable weather conditions, the word “safe speed” is used more than the “legal speed” and its limit is not mentioned and its determination is assigned to drivers according to their mental and physical conditions, type of vehicle, and the weather condition. This matter leads to uncertainty for drivers in selecting the right speed.This research is intended to achieve a safe and optimized speed for freeways in Iran, by considering a reasonable adjustment which is acceptable by the drivers so that a substantial decrease in driving violations and accidents could be observed. This work is done by using models developed for predicting violations and accidents on Iran’s freeways. The results indicate that by reducing the allowable speed of freeways from 125km/h to 105km/h, a 48% and 23% reduction of violations and traffic accidents could be achieved.

Modelling of Bonded Post-Tensioned Concrete Cantilever Beams under Flexural Loading Abbas Mohammed; Khattab Saleem Abdul-Razzaq; Nildem Tayşi; Awat FAQE
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 7 (2017): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Prestressing is widely used technic all over the world for constructions of buildings, bridges, towers, offshore structures etc. due to its efficiency and economy for achieving requirements of long span with small depth. It is used for flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete structures for improving cracking loads and decreasing deflections due to service loads. There are two methods for prestressing (pre-tensioning and post-tensioning). In this paper, a three-dimensional nonlinear Finite Element (FE) method is used to determine the behaviour of Post-Tensioned (PT) concrete cantilever beams with different tendon profiles. Numerical analyses ANSYS package program is used for analysis of beams. The results from FE analysis is verified by experimental reference test result and good agreement is achieved. This paper is focused on the effect of different tendon profiles on the flexural behaviour of Bonded Post Tensioned (BPT) reinforced concrete cantilever beams. Six models with different tendon profiles are investigated. These models are without tendons, two tendons at the bottom, middle, top, parabolic tendons with one draped point and two draped points. Failure loads, deflections, and load versus deflection relationships for all models are examined and it is seen that the beam with one draped tendon profile shows a highest performance.

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