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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,355 Documents

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Optimization of Process Parameters by Response Surface Methodology for Methylene Blue Removal Using Cellulose Dusts Seyed Hassan Sharifi Pajaie; Saltanat Archin; Ghasem Asadpour
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study was aimed to use Cellulose dusts (CD) produced in drying section of paper mills of paper making industry as a potential adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray Diffraction. The influences of the effective parameters including pH solution, adsorbent dosage, initial MB concentration, and contact time were optimized by CCD which stands for central composite design. The influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity was analyzed using the batch process. The accuracy of the equation that is produced by CCD was affirmed by the variance analysis and also by calculating the correlation coefficient that connects the predicted and the empirical values of the percentage of removed MB dye. Maximum removal percentage of MB dye (98.05 %) which obtained at pH 9.84, adsorbent dosage 4.38 g L-1, MB concentration 75.50 g L-1 and time 208.13 min. Freundlich, Temkin, Harkins-Jura and Langmuir isotherms are used to analyze the empirical data. Results revealed that the data is in a satisfying agreement with the Freundlich isotherm (R2= 0.99). Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models were used to fit the kinetic data and it is found out that MB dye’s adsorption onto CD has a good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results showed that CD can be an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption.

Finite Element Analysis of Tie Beams under the Effect of Differential Settlement of Isolated Footings Ali Basha; Magdy Salama
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Tie beams that constructed to connect isolated footings are very widely used. The differential settlement between the isolated footings is the main loading case to design the tie beams. In this paper, finite element method is used to determine the straining actions in tie beams under the effect of differential settlement to get clear relations between tie beams straining actions and all the parameters that affect in the design of these tie beams. The parameters included in this paper are the clear length between footings, moment of inertia of tie beam, footings dimensions, soil bearing capacity and the differential settlement value. Charts were presented to show the effect of each parameter in the straining actions of tie beams that can be simply used by design engineers.

Cost optimization and sensitivity analysis of composite beams Hamid Eskandari; Tahereh Korouzhdeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2016): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study presents exact solution analysis for the cost optimization of Composite Beams (CB) based on the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) specifications. Matlab code formulation is applied to analysis of sensitivity for various parameters such as cost of concrete, steel beam, span length, concrete slab thickness, compressive strength of concrete, steel beams space and shear connectors on CB. Almost 20 thousands design were analysed to obtain various contour which be found that it is feasible, efficient and effective and capable in optimization of composite beam designs.The obtained results represent that many of the contour are capable by achieving substantial cost savings for composite materials. Therefore, the analysis can be developed for practical designs to structural designers. A parametric study was also conducted to investigate the effects of IPE, IPB, INP profiles, UNP size and thickness of slabs and beam length on the cost optimization of CB.

An Equivalent Truss Model for In-Plane Nonlinear Analysis of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Mohammadamir Najafgholipour
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

According to the importance of seismic evaluation of existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, researchers have been interested in numerical modelling of these types of structures and their components. On the other hand, in seismic performance evaluation and retrofitting codes which are mostly based on Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD), different analysis methods such as linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses are employed. Therefore, simple equivalent frame models with lower computational cost are very useful for modelling and analysis of unreinforced masonry buildings. In this article, a simple equivalent truss model is proposed for modelling and analysis of an unreinforced masonry wall with sliding shear failure as the governing in-plane failure mode. The model is developed according to an analogy between the internal forces in a triangular truss and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria. Then, the proposed model is generalized for modelling and push over analysis of combinations of walls. Finally, the modelling procedure is applied for push over analysis of an unreinforced masonry wall consists of some piers and the push over curve of the wall is determined and discussed.

Oil Reservoir Permeability Estimation from Well Logging Data Using Statistical Methods (A Case Study: South Pars Oil Reservoir) Akbar Esmailzadeh; Sina Ahmadi; Reza Rooki; Reza Mikaeil
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Permeability is a key parameter that affects fluids flow in reservoir and its accurate determination is a significant task. Permeability usually is measured using practical approaches such as either core analysis or well test which both are time and cost consuming. For these reasons applying well logging data in order to obtaining petrophysical properties of oil reservoir such as permeability and porosity is common. Most of petrophysical parameters generally have relationship with one of well logged data. But reservoir permeability does not show clear and meaningful correlation with any of logged data. Sonic log, density log, neutron log, resistivity log, photo electric factor log and gamma log, are the logs which effect on permeability. It is clear that all of above logs do not effect on permeability with same degree. Hence determination of which log or logs have more effect on permeability is essential task. In order to obtaining mathematical relationship between permeability and affected log data, fitting statistical nonlinear models on measured geophysical data logs as input data and measured vertical and horizontal permeability data as output, was studied. Results indicate that sonic log, density log, neutron log and resistivity log have most effect on permeability, so nonlinear relationships between these logs and permeability was done.

Finite Element Analysis of Load Bearing Capacity of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Subjected to Cyclic Loading Mahdi Bamdad; Abdolreza Sarvghad Moghadam; Mohammad Javad Mehrani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 5 (2016): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Many methods have been developed in order to study the impact behavior of solids and structures. Two common methods are finite element and experimental method. The nonlinear finite element method is one the most effective methods of predicting the behavior of RC beams from zero-load to failure and its fracture, yield and ultimate strengths. The advantage of this method is its ability to make this prediction for all sections of the assessed RC beam and all stages of loading. This paper compares the experimental results obtained for a RC frame with the numerical results calculated by ABAQUS software, and plots both sets of results as hysteresis–displacement diagrams. This comparison shows that the numerical FEM implemented via ABAQUS software produce valid and reliable results for load bearing capacity of RC frames subjected to cyclic loads, and therefore has significant cost and time efficiency advantages over the alternative approach

A Numerical Analysis of Reinforced T Shaped Concrete Beams by Polymeric Strap of CFRP and GFRP with Finite Element Method Technique Mehrdad Marefat Naeini; Sayed Mahdi Moghadasi; Mostafa Omidi Bidgoli
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In recent decades, researchers and structural engineers have shown great interest in the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) plates/sheets for maintaining strength and durability in the utilization of concrete structures. In this study, reinforced-concrete beam with T-shaped cross-section is reinforced with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) plates and Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) plates under 4-points inflections by finite element method. In order to analyze the performance of the polymer plates used in the reinforcement of the considered concrete beams, some sheets with 5cm and 10 cm width having different formation patterns are joined to the concrete area. For this purpose, the angle between the lines of the plates and the longitudinal axis of the beam is varied based on four different degrees of gradations, from 30 to 90°. In addition, the role of these sheets in limiting the deformation of the beam in its U-shaped and full-wrapping conditions is studied. The transversal distance between the plates is also considered as equal to the width of plates. Seventy-two samples of concrete beams with C30 and C50 grades which were strengthened with polymer plates are compared with non-polymeric concrete beams. The numerical analysis results illustrate that the use of the different formation patterns and deflection angle of plates cause differences in the process of beam settlement. Further, the results show that C50 grade concrete samples are most effective in the reduction of concrete deformation when carbon fibers of 5cm width are used at an angle of 30 degrees with beam linear axis and traversal formation pattern. On the other hand, among the C30 grade samples, the best performance is related to the use of 5 cm carbon fibers which were utilized as full-wrapping. Under both aforementioned circumstances, the possible amount of the polymeric beam settlement over non-polymeric beam will decrease by about 50%.

An Approach to the Green Area Parameter in Urban Transformation Polat, Halil Ibrahim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 11 (2017): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this study, the green area value is obtained from the feasibility reports which are made in 4, 6-hectare region that is declared as a risky area within the framework of the Law of Transformation of Areas Under Disaster Risk (No. 6306) and Implementation Regulation and the green area per capita (m2/person) is determined. In urban planning in which all of the land-use, social, technical infrastructure parameters need to be considered at the optimum level as a whole, according to this article; even if only the green area data is taken into consideration, the importance of making a transformation decision for the region is supported by the analysis. In this context; an analysis and calculation model has been proposed with the parameters defined in suggestion form which is bordered with the boundary value conditions in the light of international and national data. In the current situation, development plansâ situation and the draft case, it is tried to compare the amounts of the green areas and to give an approach for the green area ratio per capita.

Comparison of Coupled and Uncoupled Consolidation Equations Using Finite Element Method in Plane-Strain Condition Baqersad, Mohamadtaqi; Eslami Haghighat, Abbas; Rowshanzamir, Mohammadali; Mortazavi Bak, Hamid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 8 (2016): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1273.479 KB)

In the current paper, the consolidation settlement of a strip footing over a finite layer of saturated soil has been studied using the finite element method. In Biotâs coupled consolidation equations, the soil deformation and excess pore pressure are determined simultaneously in every time step which refers to the hydro-mechanical coupling. By considering a constant total stress throughout the time and by assuming that volume strain is a function of isotropic effective stress, uncoupled consolidation equations can be obtained using coupled consolidation equations. In these uncoupled equations, excess pore pressure and deformation are determined separately. In this approach, the excess pore pressure can be identified in the first stage. Using the calculated excess pore pressure, the soil deformation is determined through effective stress-strain analyses. A computer code was developed based on coupled and uncoupled equations that are capable of performing consolidation analyses. To verify the accuracy of these analyses, the obtained results have been compared with the precise solution of Terzaghiâs one-dimensional consolidation theory. The capability of these two approaches in estimation of pore water pressure and settlement and to show Mandel-Crayerâs effect in soil consolidation is discussed. Then, the necessity of utilizing coupled analyses for evaluating soil consolidation analysis was investigated by comparing the coupled and uncoupled analyses results.

Public Evaluation of Speed Humps Performance and Effectiveness Sayed Shwaly; Amal AL-Ayaat; Mohamed Hamed Zakaria
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In Egypt, it is believed that speed humps are the cheapest and best solutions to reduce vehicles speed and thus reduce the number of potential accidents. Due to the lack of specifications in Egypt that govern the installation of speed humps, they were spread randomly and with different dimensions without adequate studies. Consequently, this practice can cause adverse effects on the road users and the surrounding environment. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to discuss the different effects of using speed humps in Kafr El-Sheikh city as a typical model in the Egyptian cities. To verify that the questionnaire is appropriate for the intended task, it was evaluated by 30 respondents aged 18 years and over. After the trial process, the required corrections were made to the proposed form of the questionnaire. Then, final questionnaires were distributed and 1000 responses were collected from all road users, whether they were pedestrians, drivers, owners of vehicles or vehicle repairmen by using face-to-face interviews. The responses were analysed using SPSS program. The results reflected that the installation of speed humps contributed greatly to reduce vehicles speed, the flow of traffic and accidents rate. On the other hand, the results proved that humps also contribute significantly to the environmental pollution, damage to the pavement and vehicles especially when they are poorly designed and located. The majority of respondents attributed the random spread of the speed humps to the weakness of the authorities in law enforcement and the prevention of the installation of new humps without authorization. Finally, with the widespread use of speed humps and with the exception of the positive impact on traffic safety, it also has negative impacts on both the economy and the environment. Finally, the use of speed humps can cause many harmful effects to the neighbourhood, if there no strict control on its installation process. Unless specifications and some standards should be strictly followed, other means of traffic calming measures should be considered.

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