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Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 08532788 EISSN : 25277669 DOI : -

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)" : 9 Documents clear

PRODUKSI ALFA-AMILASE OLEH ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE DALAM MEDIA PATI SAGU (Metroxylon sp.) S. Pudjiraharti; L. Z. Udin; A. T. Karossi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The production 0f alpha-amylase in sago starch media by A. oryzae have-been performed in Biostat-B stirred tank fermentor with working volume of 2 L. The condition was adapted from the fermentation using Biotech fermentor: working volume 4 Liters, temperature 27°e, aeration 0,75 wm and agitation of 300 rpm. The concentrations of inoculum added into the medium were 2,5 - 3% v|v. The maximum enzyme speslfic activites around 300-460 U|g protein was obtained at fermentation using inoculum concentration of 2,5%, while the maximum enzyme specific activity of 850 U|g protein was also obtained at fermentation using inoculum concentration of 3%. The maximum enzyme specific activity was achieved at day 5 or 6 of fermentation.Fermentation using various concentrations of inoculum in erlenmeyer flask scale was carried out to investigate the inoculum concentration which resulting maximal enzyme activity. The concentrations used were 5.0%; 7.5%; 10%; and 12.5% v|v. Fermentation was done at 30°C and agitation of 120 rpm. The highest enzyme activity of 12,640 Vlg protein was resulted at fermentation with inoculum concentration of 12.5% v|v at day-5. Application into fermentator two liters at temperature 30°C, aeration 1.5 vvm and agitation of 500 rpm showed enzyme production in earlier time (one day fermentation) to achievedenzyme activity of around 1000-1300 U|g protein.

UJI BANDING METODE ANALISIS KONVENSIONAL DAN INSTRUMENTAL UNTUK PENENTUAN KALSIUM DAN FOSFOR Hendro Santoso M
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Analysis of calcium and phosphor has been done by using conventional and instrumental methods. Lorenz gravimetric method was employed to determine phosphor, whereas permanganometric methods used to determine calcium. Spectronic molibdovanadophosphate and atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods were used as control for phosphor and calcium respectively. Samples analysed in this study were molasses and driedfaeces.Results show that there is no significant effect on analysis phosphor by using both Lorenz gravimetric method and its control. Similarly, permanganometrlc methods result in the same value with its control.

RADIONUCLIDIC IMPURITIES IN PERTECHNETATE SOLUTION ELUTED FROM 99mTc-CHROMATOGRAPHIC GENERATOR LOADED WITH 99Mo-FISSION PRODUCT Sunarhadijoso Soenarjo; Adang Hardi Gunawan
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Medical radioisotope of 99mTc was firstly produced in Indonesia through the nuclear reaction of 98Mo (n;y) 99Mo -> 99mTc. The separation of the resulting 99mTc from the postirradiated natural MoO3 was carried out by solvent extraction using methyl ethyl ketone. Instead of this method, Radioisotope Production Center (RPC) BATAN has routinely produced 99mTc-chromatographic generator loaded with 235U-flSsion-produced 99Mo to provide 99mTc. By such generator, 99mTc can be easily and repeatedly liberated in the form of pertechnetate by vacuum elution using saline solution. Some fission- produced radionuclides, however, potentially contaminate the pertechnetate fraction. Gamma spectrometric determination was carried out to evaluate the level of radionuclidic impurities contaminating 99mTc-pertechnetate solution eluted from 99mTc- chromatographic generator produced over a 10-month period in 1993 - 1994. Radioactivity yield of the resulting 99mTc was independent to the origin of the loaded 99Mo. The 99mTc-pertechnetatate fractions were frequently contaminated with 99Mo, 131I and 103Ru, but the contamination did not exceed maximum permissible level. The fluctuation of contamination level may be influenced by irradiation parameters and separation techniques applied to the production of the loaded 99Mo.

POKOK-POKOK DALAM ANALISA MIKROBIOLOGI PANGAN*) Sebuah Tinjauan Milono Poesponegoro
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Microorganisms in foods not only can deteriorate the quality and shelf life of foods, but also capable of producing food poisoning. Therefore, microbiological analysis of foods is essentia, particularly to establish safety, to secure adequate microbiological quality and for standardization of food products.The existence of microbial pollution in foods needs standard microbiological analysis of foods to obtain accurate results of analysis. This is due to the fact that beside the complex nature of foods, the number of factors affecting the results of analysis are innumerable such as food age, sampling methods and treatment of the samples, and the methods of analysis used. In framing me/hods for the microbiological analysis of foods consideration must be given not only to the phycical and chemical properties of the food, but also to the form of processing they have recieved, the types of pathogens or spoilage organisms likely to be of most importance and the number likely to be present. This paper presents a review on the fundamentals of microbiological analysis of foods to clarify the various microbiological aspects, background and the principles outlay the works of microbiological analysis offoods and their problems.This paper presents a review on the fundamentals of microbiological analysis of foods to clarify the various microbiological aspects, background and the principles outlay the works of microbiological analysis of foods and their problems.

PENENTUAN KECEPATAN PENGENDAPAN UNTUK MERANCANG UNIT PENGENDAP NATRIUM BENTONIT Siti Isnijah S.P.; Tasrif Tasrif; Nuryatini Nuryatini
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

One step of producing paint additive from bentonite is to change Ca-beruonite into Na-bentonite. It applied ion-exchange process by using saturated solution of NaCl. Purification of product was done by washing to remove excess of salt. Nabentonite in production capacity of 40 kg could be separated from water by decantation. Observing the performance of precipitation rate of No-bentonite gave technical data for designing of precipitation unit. The precipitation of Na-bentonite in laboraroty scale was conducted using glass columns with diameter of 2.7 cm; 4.7 cm; 6.2 cm and 11.5 cm respectively. Height of slurry in column was varied in a range of 0.1 m ; 0.2 m ; 0.4 m and 1.0 m. The higher "slurry height" gave a faster precipitation rate. However, in term of separation efficiency determined as percentage of supernatant removed from slurry, higher slurry height resulted lower efficiency. At slurry height of 0.2 m, water removed were 72% (v/v) and 45% (v/v) in 30 minutes for first and second washing processes respectively. By second washing lower volume of supernatant was removed due to the characteristic of Nabentonite that swells during washing process.

PEMBENTUKAN, PENGUJIAN AKTIFITAS DAN SELEKTIFITAS BEBERAPA KATALIS PREKURSOR DARI SENYAWA "Ru-KETENILIDINE/SiO2" Achmad Hanafi Setiawan
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The catalyst precursor of Ru3CCO/Si02, RU3C:/SiO2 and RU3:/SiO2 had been identified by "Temperature-Programmed Desorption(TPD)-FTIR-insitu" techniques. The last two precur- sors show a reversible reaction with CO, but the RU3CCO/SiO2 is rather unstable. Test of precursors with C2H4, shows that Ru3CCO/SiO2 produced trans-C4Hg, RU3:/SiO2 produced cis-C4Hg and the RU3C:/SiO2 yielded C3H6, selectively.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF A NEW OLEANOLIC ACID AND ITS SAPONINS FROM Thylacospermum caespitosum Muhammad Hanafi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

A new oleanollc acid and its saponins have been isolated from methanol and ether extract of the whole plant of cushion plant T. caespltosum. The compounds were established as olean-12-en-3b-16a-diol-23,28-dioic acid (1), 3jJ-O-jJ-D-glucopyranosylolean12-en-16a-diol-23-doic acid (2), and 28-O-B-D-glucopyranosylolean--12-en3b, 16a-diol-23-dioc acid (3), which are trivial named as thylacospermic acid (1), thylacospermicoside A (2) and thylacospermicoside B (3), respectively. Three known steroids namely 22,23-dihydrospinasterol (4), a-spinasterol (5), and 3jJ-OjJ-D-glucopyranosylspinasterol(6) [lJ and the mixture of phytoceramides (7) [2, 8] were also isolated from the ether extract. The compounds were identified based on chemical and spectroscopic methods. This is the first report on the isolation of the compounds from genus Thylacospermum.

PEMBUATAN SENYAWA AMINA SEKUNDER DENGAN PROSES HIDROGENASI SENYAWA NITRIL Hilyati Hilyati; Siti S.P Isnijah; Blasius Hangkoso; Sri Sumartini
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The amine compounds are used excessively in chemical industry, mainly as a surfactant. Indonesia imports this compound in a large amount (14.000 tons). The secondary amine is an intermediate product of quartener amine which is known as a softener. This research is aimed to observe the chemical reaction of synthesizing secondary amine at laboratory scale.To achieve this goal, the synthesize was conducted by hydrogenating the nitrile compound in a reactor in which two levels of pressure were applied (11 and 35 bars). The reaction temperature as well as the length of reaction time were also varied i.e at 140°, 160° and 175° Cfor 3, 6 and 10 hours.The analytical results showed that at relatively low pressure (11 bars) and the reaction temperatures of 140°,160° and 175° C for 10 haurs gave products containing secondary amine as much as 48,90; 74,63 and 67,26%, respectively. The 6 hours processing time at 140°C did not produce any amine. However when temperature was increased to 160° and 175° C, the amounts of amine yielded are as follow: 46,40 and 73,33%. A higher result (85,80%) was obtained from a process conducted at reaction temperature 175° C for 3 hours.By increasing the pressure up to 35 bars and the reaction was maintained at 160°, 83,40% amine was produced in 1 hour only. This finding indicated that producing amine at lower pressure required longer processing time.

KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI-PENGOLAHAN (TREATABILITY TEST) AIR LIMBAH TEKSTIL INTI SARI SECARA BIOLOGI Milono Poesponegoro
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Characterization and treatability test of textile wastewater using biological process were studied. Samples of the wastewater were obtainedfrom a local blue-jeans textile industry in Bandung. Results of chemical analysis indicated that beside the textile wastewater showed a high pH value, it contained chemical pollutant in high concentrations. It was found that the textile wastewater of blue jeans has a pH value of 12.6, deep blue coloured with optical density of 0.80 - 0.88; high in solid concentrations with the concentration of soluble solids, suspended solids and ash content of respectively 4526 - 4897 mg/l, 2205 - 2412mg/l, and 2704 - 3074 mg/l; COD of 376 - 1538 mg/l and BOD5 of 143 - 575 mg/l. The ratio of BOD5/COD was about 0.32 - 0.45 with an average value of 0.38.The concentration of organic materials varied widely from sample to .sample, with a value of the BOD5/COD ratio of less than 50%. Tretability test of textile wastewater using shake-flask technique showed that the textile wastewater could be treated successfully by aerobic biological process when a proper balance of nutrients and suitable organisms were available. Chemical flocculation pre-trentment was found to lower the rate of biological degradation of organic materials contained in the textile wastewater. It was found that after 3 days of incubation, the mean rate of organic degradation reached 174 mg/l/day for the textile wastewater which received no flocculation pretreatment with alum, and only 10 mg/l/day for that which received flocculation pre-treatment with alum. The addition of nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorous) to the textile wastewater without flocculation pre-treatment increased the mean rate of organic degradation from 174 mg/l/day to 240 mg/l/day after 3 days of incubation. It was also found the nutrient addition and bacterial inoculum to the textile wastewater without flocculation pre-treatment increased the mean rate of organic degradation from 174 mg/l/day to 247 mg/l/day, after 3 days of incubation.Treatability test of textile wastewater by a contlnouous culture technique using perforated-plate column showed that the COD of effluent was constantly dropped and achieved a stationary condition after 50 hours of the continous process, and at the stationary phase the continuous process produced effluent with COD values of less than 100 mg/l. Continuous process with a hydraulic retention time (0) of 2.0 day produced effluent with a COD value of 77 mgll. Reducing the hydraulic retention time did not much affect the COD value of the effluent, i.e 72 mgfl for 0 = 1.0 day, and 56 mgll for 0 = 0.5 day. This could probably due to the achievement of the maximum efficiency of treatment, t.e. about 71% for the hydraulic retention time of 0.5 - 2.0 day.

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