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Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan

bilp
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Published by Kementerian Perdagangan

ISSN : 19799187 EISSN : 25282751 DOI : -

Core Subject : Economy,

Economics, Econometrics & Finance

First published in 2007, Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan (BILP) is a scientific journal published by the Trade Analysis dan Development Agency (Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Perdagangan - BPPP), Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia. This bulletin is expected to be a media of dissemination and analysis of research results to be used as references for academics, practitioners, policy-makers, and the general public. In collaboration with professional associations, The Indonesian Society of Agricultural Economics (Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia - PERHEPI), BILP publishes research reports and analysis of trade sector and/or sector-related trade which have not been published in any other journals/scholarly publications, either in Bahasa Indonesia or English. Publishing twice a year in July and December, this Bulletin is directly disseminated to stakeholders both in print and online.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 204 Documents

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ANALYSING FACTORS DETERMINING SUGAR RETAIL PRICE Ninuk Rahayuningrum; Wayan Susila; Tjahya Widayanti
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Since 2002, the government of Indonesia (GOI) has imposed promoting and protective to the Indonesia sugar industry. The policies have caused a significant increase in domestic production and farmer welfare. However, the policies also caused the government cannot effectively control the domestic retail price, especially when sugar price in the international market is very high. With this problem, this study is aimed at analyzing factors that significantly determine retail sugar price that can be used as policy instrument to control the price. An econometric model was used to determining the factors and their effect on the retail price. The result of analysis show that farm gate proce reference determined by the GOI, distribution costs, sugar import price, and market competition level are four main factor determining the retail price, explaining around 84% of retail price behavior. The elasticity of the sugar retail price toward the change of the four factors lies between 0.026-0.566. These imply that the GOI can use these four factors and their related variables as policy instrument to control the price.

PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN TARIF IMPOR GULA TERHADAP INTEGRASI PASAR GULA DOMESTIK DAN DUNIA Nugroho Ari Subekti; Anita Carolina
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 5 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

this paper aims to analyze the sugar domestic market integration with the world sugar market, and the influence of sugar impor tariff policy towards integration of the domestic and world sugar market. We observe variables namely domestic price sugar (gKP), world raw sugar price (RAW), world white sugar price (ReFINed), import tariff raw sugar (tAXRAW), dan import tariff white sugar (tAXReFINed) during period of 1998.1 - 2010.12. To find the integration of all variables, we use Johansen Cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model approach that provide us two quantitative measurements, (i) impulse response function; (ii) variance decomposition. this research concludes that all variables have an integration. sugar import tariff imposed by the government were influenced by market integration. The result of impulse response function shows that every variables has response to shock from other variables and the result of variance decomposition. In general, it can be stated that each variable can explain to each other in case of a shock to one variable, but the portion of the explanation of each variable is still dominated by itself. In order to improve the performance of the domestic sugar market, we proposed the following policy recommendations: 1) Increase the number of Listed Importer (It) to reduce the high market concentration; 2) Apply hedging mechanism by using forwards or futures contracts instrument with the longer maturities; 3) encourage revitalization of domestic sugar industry, because the tariff will soon be eliminated in 2015 (AseAN market integration) and 2020 (global market integration).

KAJIAN KEBIJAKAN PENGAWASAN MUTU BARANG EKSPOR HASIL PERTANIAN Bagas Haryotejo; Yudi Fadilah
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 3 No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

The increase in competitiveness level of the agricultural product export is associated with the ability to fulfil quality requirement from the export destination country, which becomes more stringent than before. Facts on the field reveal that the awarness level regarding quality product from the farmers/producers, intermediate trader, and exporter still low. In order to prevent the occurrence of subtsandar quality product from Indonesia and to maintain potential market for Indonesia’s export products. Minister of Industry and trade has issued Ministerial Decree on the Standarization. Certification, Acreditation and Quality Control at the Ministry of Trade (Sk. Menperindag No. 108/MPP/Kep/5/1996) and Ministerial Decree on Mandatory Quality Control for Specific Ekspor Products (Sk Menperindag No. 164/MPP/KEP/6/1996), and its implementation regulation, the Secretary General of Ministry of Industry and Trade Decree No. 470/SJ/SK/VII/1996 on the Provisions and Procedures on the Quality Control for Specific Eksport Products. This research aims to identify problems in quality control for export products from regulation and implementation aspects. From regulation point of view, the research found that from the regulation aspect, the legal foundation regarding quality control for export products is no long valid. While from the implementation aspect, is it noted that the quality control activites were not conducted properly. Aside from that, there are no specifics criterias applied in determining export goods/products that must be take into quality control regime. This condition has led to pro and contra amongst the business entity. Therefore the formulation of the set criterias that can be used to determine/select comodities need to be put into quality control. The criterias are: (1) the quality control management infrastructure; (2) aquired SNI; (3) take into consideration Farmers’ability; (4) the comparative advantages; (5) the compliace to export destination country requirements and; (6) the existence of quality complaint mechanism from importer countries. It is also the current legal foundation on the regulations for products quality control and its substance needs to be revised in due time.

PERSEPSI NATIONAL BRANDING SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KINERJA EKSPOR KE JEPANG DAN AUSTRALIA Sri Rahayu; Reni Kristina Arianti
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 8 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kaitan persepsi national branding dengan upaya meningkatkan kinerja ekspor yang diukur dari nilai-nilai budaya dan nilai ekonomis produk Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui survei kepada responden yang berdomisili di Tokyo dan Sydney dengan menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran persepsi masyarakat internasional, khususnya Jepang dan Australia, terkait nilai budaya yang menjadi cerminan bangsa Indonesia, serta sudut pandang nilai ekonomis berdasarkan brand equity dari produk ekspor yang didasarkan pada persepsi terhadap product country image, dan product association to the country of origin. This study aims to find relationship of the national branding perception and effort to enhance the export performance, from cultural and economic value perspective of Indonesian products. This study utilized a quantitative approach through survey for selected respondents in Tokyo and Sydney, using convenience-sampling technique. The research finding provides an overview of how the international community, especially those who lives in Japan and Australia, perceives the cultural and economic value of Indonesia based on brand equity, product-country image, and product association to the country of origin.

KINERJA DAYA SAING PRODUK PERIKANAN INDONESIA DI PASAR GLOBAL Deasi Natalia; . Nurozy
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 6 No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v6i1.139

Di pasar perikanan dunia, Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara eksportir utama. Selama tahun 2005-2009, volume ekspor ikan dan udang dari Indonesia menurun masing-masing sebesar 1,9% dan 3,7% per tahun. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah penurunan tersebut disebabkan oleh daya saing yang rendah atau faktor lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), yang merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur keunggulan komparatif komoditas di pasar tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama 2007-2009 ada 46 komoditas perikanan dalam HS 6-digit yang memiliki indeks RCA lebih besar dari satu, yang menunjukkan daya saing kuat di pasar internasional. Beberapa diantaranya bahkan mengalami peningkatan daya saing. Sementara itu, beberapa komoditas memiliki daya saing yang cenderung menurun dan berfluktuasi. Sisanya sekitar 71 komoditas memiliki daya saing lemah (RCA indeks lebih kecil dari satu). Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan daya saing yang ada, perlu beberapa usaha seperti promosi di pasar domestik maupun pasar internasional; meningkatkan kualitas; mendorong dunia perbankan untuk meningkatkan akses ke modal kerja; memperbaiki infrastruktur; menciptakan nilai tambah dalam pengembangan produk; serta mengurangi tarif bahan baku untuk industri pengolahan ikan dalam negeri. In the global fisheries market, Indonesia is one of the main exporters. During 2005-2009, the export volumes of fish and shrimp of Indonesia declined by 1.9% and 3.7% per year respectively. It is necessary to investigate if the unexpected performance was caused by low and decreasing competitiveness or by other factors. This study uses the RCA Method, which is one of the methods that can be used to measure the comparative advantage of a commodity in a particular market. The results indicate that during 2007-2009 there are 46 commodities in the 6-digit HS of fisheries having the RCA index larger than one, showing their strong competitiveness in the international market. Some of them even have an increasing level of competitiveness, while some have a declining competitiveness and other commodities experienced fluctuating RCAs. The remaining 71 commodities experienced weak competitiveness (RCA index smaller than one) during 2007-2009. To improve the existing competitiveness, it is required to increase promotional campaigns, not only in domestic market but also in foreign market, improve the quality, encourage banks to increase access to working capital, improve infrastructure, encourage value-added products development, and reduce tariffs of raw material for the domestic fish processing industry.

EVALUASI PERATURAN MENTERI PERDAGANGAN NOMOR: 44/M-DAG/PER/9/2009 TENTANG PENGADAAN, DISTRIBUSI, DAN PENGAWASAN BAHAN BERBAHAYA Erizal Mahatama; Bagus Wicaksena
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 8 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Dalam rangka melindungi hak-hak konsumen dari penyalahgunaan yang dilakukan produsen, importir, distributor dan setiap pihak yang berada dalam jalur perdagangan barang atau jasa, pemerintah menetapkan Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor: 44/M-DAG/PER/9/2009 tentang Pengadaan, Distribusi, dan Pengawasan Bahan Berbahaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan sekaligus mengevaluasi Permendag tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode Regulatory Impact Assesment (RIA), hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Permendag tersebut belum komprehensif dan implementasinya belum efektif. Beberapa ketentuan dalam Permendag tersebut menunjukkan kontradiksi yang menimbulkan ketidakjelasan seperti pengaturan penunjukan Pengecer Terdaftar B2 (PT-B2) yang seharusnya hanya dapat ditunjuk oleh Distributor Terdaftar B2 (DT-B2) namun dapat juga ditunjuk oleh Importir Terdaftar B2 (IT-B2) atau Produsen B2 (P-B2). Ketidakjelasan yang lain adalah aturan terkait Produsen (P-B2) yang dapat mengimpor B2, sementara dalam peraturan ini diatur bahwa P-B2 hanya memproduksi B2 saja. Misuse of hazardous material may risk human health and the environment. In effort to protect consumer from the misconduct behavior of producers, importers, distributors, and other stakeholders along the distribution of goods and services, the Government issued Trade Minister Regulation Number 44/M-DAG/PER/9/2009 regarding Procurement, Distribution, and Surveilance of Hazardous Materials. This study aims to explore and evaluate the implementation of that regulation. Using Regulatory Impact Assesment (RIA) method, the study reveals that the Trade Minister Regulation is neither comphrehensively nor effectively implemented. Further, some clauses are found contradictory and poor clarity such as B2-Registered Retailers (PT-B2) that should be only appointed by the Registered Distributor (DT-B2) but in other article states that it can also be appointed by the Registered Importer (IT-B2) or Manufacturer (P-B2). The other poor clarity rules is on B2-Producers (P-B2) that is allowed to import B2, while other article sets that B2-Producers (P-B2) is only allowed to produce hazardous materials only.

KAJIAN DAMPAK EKONOMI PEMBENTUKAN KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS Tumpal Sihaloho; Naufa Muna
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 4 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to identify problems in the economic area and to analyze the impact of the establishment of Special economic zones (Sez) on the growth of investment, trade and labor. This study used a qualitative descriptive analysis of the legal and institutional aspects, infrastructure and planning, as well as incentives and financing. This study also used the Incremental Capital Output Ratio analysis (ICOR), Output Ratio Incremental Labour (ILOR) and the Location Quotient (LQ) to 12 (twelve) areas that suggest themselves into KEK: Sumatera Utara, Riau, South Sumatera, Banten, West Java, Central Java, east Java, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, east Kalimantan, South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi. The results showed that the common problems faced by the economic area is the provision of incentives that are not in accordance with the conditions of the region, and the lack of consistency between the rules that become the foundation and establishment of economic zones and the supporting regulations. from this study it is known that West Java and Banten region has the potential economic impact that relatively better than other regions.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN KEMASAN ROKOK SINGAPURA TERHADAP EKSPOR ROKOK INDONESIA Aditya Paramita Alhayat
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 9 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Pemerintah Singapura telah melakukan beragam kebijakan pengendalian tembakau (tobacco control) untuk menekan jumlah perokok. Singapura termasuk salah satu negara di dunia yang menerapkan regulasi ketat dalam pengendalian produk tembakau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan dampak penerapan kebijakan kemasan rokok Singapura terhadap ekspor rokok Indonesia. Kebijakan tersebut diasumsikan memiliki dampak sebagaimana kebijakan pengendalian konsumsi tembakau non-harga pada umumnya meskipun kebijakan tersebut belum diimplementasikan. Metode yang digunakan berupa analisis deskriptif yang dilengkapi dengan analisis ekonometri menggunakan Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) dengan sampel Triwulan III-2006 hingga Triwulan IV-2014. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekspor rokok Indonesia lebih dipengaruhi oleh re-ekspor Singapura dibandingkan dengan konsumsi domestiknya. Selain itu, kebijakan pengendalian tembakau non-harga secara statistik tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi rokok di Singapura. Oleh sebab itu, Indonesia tidak perlu khawatir dengan rencana kebijakan kemasan rokok yang akan diterapkan. Pemerintah Indonesia harus aktif melakukan negosiasi apabila Singapura benar-benar menerapkan kebijakan kemasan rokok dalam rangka mendapatkan kompensasi perdagangan atas kebijakan tersebut. The government of Singapore has implemented various tobacco control policies to reduce the number of smoker. Singapore is one of the countries in the world that implemented a tight regulation to control tobacco products. This study aims to estimate the potential impacts of Singapore’s cigarette plain packaging policy on the Indonesian cigarettes exports. As this policy is not yet implemented, it is assumed that the policy will have the same impacts as the common tobacco control policy, especially for the non-price policy. The study used descriptive analysis supported by econometrics analysis using Two-Stage Least Squares method (2SLS) using quarterly data from III-2006 to IV-2014. The results showed that the Indonesian cigarettes export is much more influenced by the Singapore’s re-exports rather than by the domestic consumption. Moreover, the non-price tobacco control policies do not have statistically significant effect on the cigarette consumption in Singapore. Therefore, Indonesia should not be worried about the possible implementation of the plain packaging policy. Indonesian government must actively negotiate if Singapore finally implements the plain packaging policy to get a compensation trade from this policy.

DEVELOPING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE MARKET ACCESS: INDONESIA-US FTA Imbang Listiyadi
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Prinsip-prinsip dasar kepentingan didalam merangkai hubungan perdagangan bilateral antara dua negara yaitu Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat adalah lebih ditujukan kepada landasan kerja sama perdagangan yang saling menguntungkan. Tawaran serta permintaan yang dapat diintegrasikan bersama secara spesifik dan dapat menunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi masing-masing.Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Indonesia-Amerika Serikat diharapkan dapat menciptakan susasana kesepakatan yang disebut sebagai kebebasan dalam perdagangan atau Free Trade, keadilan didalam perdagangan atau Fair Trade. Landasan Filosofi “Free Trade” dan “Fair Trade” perlu dicarikan formulasi/rumusan jbersama terlebih dahulu guna mencari jawaban bahwa perdagangan bilateral yang dituangkan di dalam agreement nantinya tidak menjadi hambatan baru bahkan sengketa perdagangan didalam kerangka perdagangan bebas, sehingga perlu adanya pembicaraan bersama atau kajian bersama (Joint Study).FTA Indonesia Amerika Serikat akan memberikan fungsi penting sebagai alat penjamin manakala secara tiba-tiba terjadi perubahan kebijakan perdagangan kedua belah pihak FTA Indonesia Amerika Serikat juga berfungsi sebagai kepastian “Market Access” masing masing sebagai mitra dagang, serta bagi dunia usaha yang akan membangun komitmen untuk berbagai investasi baru.FTA Indonesia AS diharapkan akan memperkecil ketimpangan yang selama ini dirasakan oleh pihak Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang. Anggapan adanya ketimpangan antara negara maju dan negara berkembang yang secara tradisi ditandai dengan tingkat ekonomi maupun teknologi yang berbeda menyolok. Tingkat ketergantungan (dependence) Indonesia terhadap AS akan sangat mempengaruhi posisi tawar.Perdebatan di forum Kongress Amerika Serikat yang menganggendakan Free Trade Agreement seri9ng dikaitkan dengan permasalahan lain seperti: lingkungan hidup, pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, pelanggaran hak cipta, patent, ppolitik dan lain-lain dan sering bersifat sepihak atau unilateral. Tak urung masalah ini akan menjadi beban berat bagi negara-negara mitra dagang yang sebenarnya tidak terkait langsung dengan masalah bisnis. Di wilayah yang lebih bersifat teknis banyak hal yang sulit dpenuhi oleh negara-negara berkembang untuk mengimbangi perilaku negara-negara maju. Amerika Serikat telah banyak menguasai masalah-masalah Ïntellectual Property Right” yang mana hal paradox tergambar atau mewakili ketertinggalan negara-negara berkembang/miskin.

PENGARUH NON TARIFF MEASURES ASEAN TERHADAP ARUS PERDAGANGAN SEKTOR ELEKTRONIKA INDONESIA N. Fridhowati; A. Asmara
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 7 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v7i2.116

Tulisan ini menyajikan gambaran mengenai perdagangan elektronika Indonesia dan menganalisis dampak Non Tariff Measure (NTMs) ASEAN terhadap perdagangan sektor elektronika Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan Inventory dengan menghitung coverage ratio dan pendekatan ekonometrik dengan model cross sectional gravity. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan NTMs ASEAN tidak mempengaruhi arus perdagangan elektronika Indonesia. Jika NTMs dikelompokkan menjadi core dan non core measures, ternyata peningkatan core measures akan menurunkan perdagangan sektor elektronika, dan sebaliknya peningkatan non core measures akan meningkatkan perdagangan sektor tersebut. Dengan demikian, kebijakan yang perlu dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mengantisipasi meningkatnya penerapan NTMs ASEAN adalah pengembangan industri elektronika dengan mengutamakan kualitas, disain dan inovasi produk. Penyediaan fasilitas uji laboratorium bagi pengujian standar juga perlu diperluas untuk meningkatkan daya saing produk. As tariffs have fallen following the establishment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1948, attention has progressively shifted towards non-tariff measures (NTMs). Pervasive NTMs in the ASEAN region will impact on regional trade and make it more difficult for establishing the ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. Electronics sector, which is a potential sector in Indonesia, will be one of the sectors affected by the implementation of NTMs. This article provides a brief of Indonesian electronics trade and implementation of NTMs in ASEAN. It analyzes the impact of ASEAN’s NTMs on Indonesian electronics trade flows. Two approaches are used to estimate the cross sectional gravity model; the inventory approach and the econometric approach. This article shows that the overall ASEAN’s NTMs do not affect Indonesian electronics trade flows. However, if NTMs are disaggregated into core and non-core measures, it finds that an increase in the core measures would reduce Indonesian electronics trade flows, while a rise in the noncore measures would increase the Indonesia electronics trade flows. It recommends that Government should develop electronics industry by focusing on quality, design and product innovation. In addition, to increase Indonesian export competitiveness Government should also provide testing laboratorium with cheaper administration cost.

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