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Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan

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Published by Kementerian Perdagangan

ISSN : 19799187 EISSN : 25282751 DOI : -

Core Subject : Economy,

Economics, Econometrics & Finance

First published in 2007, Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan (BILP) is a scientific journal published by the Trade Analysis dan Development Agency (Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Perdagangan - BPPP), Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia. This bulletin is expected to be a media of dissemination and analysis of research results to be used as references for academics, practitioners, policy-makers, and the general public. In collaboration with professional associations, The Indonesian Society of Agricultural Economics (Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia - PERHEPI), BILP publishes research reports and analysis of trade sector and/or sector-related trade which have not been published in any other journals/scholarly publications, either in Bahasa Indonesia or English. Publishing twice a year in July and December, this Bulletin is directly disseminated to stakeholders both in print and online.

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Articles 204 Documents

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APRESIASI KONSUMEN TERHADAP MEREK (BRAND) DALAM NEGERI Hamdani Surachman; Guido Benny
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 2 No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Brand is one of the strategies in marketing but development of brand requires a long term investment, especially for advertising, promotion and packaging. Nowadays many manufacturers finally realized that market captured is precisely can be done by building a brand itself in the country, so that the brand can earn loyalty from customers. The significance of developing brands for businesses (SMEs) and Government is increasing competitiveness, value added, prosperity and the national economy situation. Indonesia, which is manufactures a variety of products, both agricultural and industrial exports more products using the foreign brands, so the value added enjoyed by holders of foreign brand. To establish and develop brands, need to do a few things such as create A Single Brand (model sakasame), socialize brand development (through seminars, exhibitions or the mass media), and formed an agency of Indonesia brand development.

DETERMINAN DAN EKUIVALEN TARIF IMPOR JASA FINANSIAL DAN ASURANSI NEGARA RCEP Meidah Azhari; Widyastutik Widyastutik
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 10 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v10i2.61

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) merupakan bentuk kerjasama yang diinisiasi ASEAN pada tahun 2012. Jasa finansial dan asuransi merupakan salah satu sektor jasa yang memiliki peran penting terhadap stabilitas perekonomian dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi impor jasa finansial dan asuransi serta melakukan estimasi ekuivalen tarif untuk melihat seberapa besar hambatan dalam perdagangan jasa pada masing-masing negara RCEP. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan gravity model dengan analisis regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data dasar Global Trade Analysis Projects (GTAP) dan Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PDB, jarak, bahasa, dan sejarah kolonial signifikan memengaruhi impor. Estimasi ekuivalen tarif menunjukkan bahwa Selandia Baru, Filipina, RRT, India, dan Korea Selatan merupakan negara yang memiliki hambatan perdagangan paling tinggi. Kesamaan bahasa dan sejarah kolonial merupakan faktor yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap perdagangan. Untuk itu perlu adanya upaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan penggunaan bahasa asing serta menjalin hubungan yang baik antara negara yang memiliki kesamaan sejarah kolonial. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a framework agreement which was initiated by ASEAN on 2012. Financial and insurance service is a service sector which has an important role in the world economic stability.The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of import in financial and insurance services and to estimate tariff equivalent in each member of RCEP. This study employs Gravity model approach with regression analysis of panel data.The data were obtained from Global Trade Analysis Projects (GTAP) and Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales(CEPII).The results indicate that GDP, distance, common language, and common colony have a significant effect on import. The estimation of tariff equivalent shows that New Zealand, Philippines, China, India, and South Korea are countries with the highest trade barriers. This study concludes that the similarities of language and historical background among countries are the factors that have the highest influence in trade.Therefore, increasing the use of foreign language and establishing better relationships between countries with the same colonial history are crucial to be done.

THE IMPACT OF ZERO IMPORT TARIFF POLICY AND AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACTION PLAN ON INDONESIAN COAL EXPORT TO CHINA Nanda Bagus Rahmawan; Siskarossa Ika Oktora
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 12 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Indonesia dan Tiongkok merupakan pelaku utama perdagangan batu bara dunia. Indonesia adalah eksportir batu bara terbesar dan pemasok utama kebutuhan batu bara Tiongkok, sedangkan Tiongkok adalah importir batu bara terbesar di dunia. Kebijakan tarif impor nol persen pada komoditas batu bara yang diterapkan Tiongkok pada Januari 2008, berdampak pada meningkatnya ekspor batu bara Indonesia ke Tiongkok. Namun, setelah Tiongkok mengeluarkan kebijakan Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, ekspor batu bara Indonesia ke Tiongkok mulai menurun pada tahun 2014. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh kebijakan tarif impor nol persen dan Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan terhadap ekspor batu bara Indonesia ke Tiongkok. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis intervensi multi input. Data yang digunakan berasal dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan tarif impor nol persen yang diterapkan oleh Tiongkok memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan positif dan permanen terhadap ekspor batu bara Indonesia ke Tiongkok. Sementara itu, kebijakan Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan negatif dan permanen. Rekomendasi kebijakan adalah implementasi kebijakan tentang standar minimum kualitas batu bara yang dihasilkan. Dengan demikian, kualitas ekspor batu bara Indonesia dapat menyesuaikan spesifikasi permintaan pasar dari negara pengimpor yang menerapkan kebijakan pengendalian pencemaran udara. Indonesia and China are the main actors of world coal trading. Indonesia is the largest coal exporter and the main supplier of Chinese coal needs, while China is the world's largest coal importer. The zero import tariff policy on coal commodities applied by China in January 2008, has an impact on increasing Indonesian coal exports to China. However, after China issued its policy of Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, Indonesian coal exports to China began to decline in 2014. The objective of this research is to study the influence of zero import tariff policy and Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan to the Indonesian coal exports to China. The method used in this research is the multi-input intervention analysis. Data used are developed from BPS. The results show that the zero import tariff policy applied by China has significantly positive and permanent effect on Indonesian coal exports to China. Meanwhile, the policy of Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan has significantly negative and permanent effect. Policy recommendation is the implementation of policy about minimum standards of coal quality that may be produced. Thus, Indonesian coal exports quality will able to adjust market demand specification from importing countries that implement policies about pollution control.

VARIABILITAS HARGA TELUR AYAM RAS DI INDONESIA Yati Nuryati; Yudha Hadian Nur
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 6 No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Tulisan ini menganalisis fluktuasi dan disparitas harga telur ayam di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data berkala bulanan untuk periode 2008-2011 dan metode statistik deskriptif (koefisien keragaman). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 2008-2011 terdapat kecenderungan penurunan fluktuasi harga telur. Wilayah yang mengalami fluktuasi harga yang tinggi adalah Maluku Utara, Jayapura, Manado dan Bengkulu. Disparitas harga telur ayam antar wilayah relatif tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan disparitas harga daging sapi. Alasan di balik tingginya tingkat disparitas harga telur antar daerah adalah konsentrasi produksi telur di sejumlah daerah tertentu, seperti Blitar, Medan dan Makassar. Selain itu, harga bensin dan rantai pasokan yang panjang juga mempengaruhi tingginya tingkat disparitas harga telur antar daerah. Namun demikian, ada kecenderungan penurunan disparitas harga untuk periode tahun 2008-2011. This study discusses the fluctuation of chicken egg price and price disparity across region in Indonesia. The analysis uses descriptive statistic (coefficient of variation) and monthly time series data for the period of 2008 to 2011. The results of analysis show that there is decreasing trend of price fluctuation over time. The regions that experienced high fluctuation of egg price are North Maluku, Jayapura, Manado and Bengkulu. Furthermore, the price disparity of chicken egg among regions is higher than that of price disparity of beef. The reason behind the high level of egg price disparity among regions is the concentration of egg production in certain areas such as Blitar, Medan and Makassar. In addition, the increasing price of gasoline and the long supply chain also influence the high level of egg price disparity among regions. However, there is a decreasing trend of egg price disparity in the period of 2008-2011

EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PASAR LELANG FORWARD DI MANADO - SULAWESI UTARA Heny Sukesi; Miftah Farid
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 3 No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Auction market, particularly forward auction market has aims to develop market system through tranparency of price discovery mechanism, increase efficiency trade system and fulfill of needs among region and creating incentive for increasingproduction and quality. Those aims are important to offer solution for farmer’s classically problem, such as asymmetric commodity price information that affect to farmer’s bargaining lower than buyer’s bargaining. Therefore, there’re much region develop forward auction market including Province of North of Sulawesi. Since April 2004, the forward auction market in North Sulawesi holds in Manado. From Value of transaction view, North Sulawesi’s forward auction market seems,successful. This working paper tried tomeet comprehensive analysis of effectivity of north Sulawesi’s forward auction market, through Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA) and SWOT Analysis approach. There’re eleventh successful indicators be needed in analysis, they’re: 1) price trasparency ; 2) frequency; 3) supply gurantee for industry; 4) amount of participant; 5) incentive for increasing production and quality; 6) item of product variation; 7) price; 8) distribution chains; 9) failing of payment and delivery; 10) value of transaction and 11) completeness of supporting institution. Using IPA and SWOT analysis, can be conclude that Manado’s forward auction market still faces problems, are: there’s no supporting from other institutions forward auction market still depend on funding from DEKONSENTARSI FUND (APBN), limited of human resource in term of quality and quantity, the regulation not fully can be implemented, transaction based on trust, weak in banking gurantee, and frequency of implementation isn’t continue. One of effects of limitation in human resources interprets in stakeholder perception, there’s an indicator, potentially not hold for auction market consept. The indicator is amount of participant (seller-buyer). In Manado’s forward auction market, sellers in term of quantity have played maximally in forward auction market, but buyers in term quantity have played maximally yet. It be implied by amount of buyer lower than amount of seller, finally, the bargaining of seller/producer/farmer lower than amount of seller, finally, the bargaining. Therefore, based on SWOT analisys, there’re strategies can be proposed for improving performance of manado’s forward auction market , are: increasing coordination among institutions through develop buyer-seller networking and potency of commodity networking, making, permanenet schedule, improving quality and quantity human resources, socialize of forward auction market, monitoring of management of forward auction market system and implementing reward and punishment system.

KUALITAS LAYANAN SISTEM PERIJINAN PERDAGANGAN ONLINE INATRADE DI KEMENTERIAN PERDAGANGAN Asmirawati Ismail
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 8 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Proses pelayanan yang berkualitas, transparan dan cepat merupakan nilai penting yang diharapkan oleh pelaku-pelaku ekonomi termasuk eksportir dan importir. Sistem perijinan perdagangan online INATRADE Kementerian Perdagangan perlu melakukan peningkatan . Dalam menggunakan sistem INATRADE, eksportir dan importir mengharapkan mendapatkan pelayanan yang cepat dan transparan karena mempengaruhi waktu proses dan biaya yang harus dikeluarkan pada aktivitas perdagangan. Penelitian ini menilai kualitas pelayanan sistem perijinan perdagangan online INATRADE dengan menggunakan metode Service Quality, dan perbaikan apa yang perlu dilakukan pada sistem INATRADE dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan kepada eksportir dan importir berdasarkan tingkat kepuasan pengguna jasa dengan menggunakan metode Quality Function Deployment. Pengguna sistem perijinan perdagangan online INATRADE tidak puas dengan layanan yang diberikan sehingga diperlukan perbaikan atau peningkatan kualitas pada sistem INATRADE online. Kementerian Perdagangan mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan service level arragement sebagai janji layanan yang sudah ditetapkan pada Permendag No. 28/M-DAG/6/2013 karena sampai saat ini belum terlaksana 100%, peningkatan kemampuan Sumber Daya Manusia terutama dalam memberikan solusi terkait dengan kebijakan yang berlaku, serta pengaplikasian dan pengesahan dokumen secara digital. Penerapan digitalisasi dokumen dan pengesahan secara digital, memerlukan koordinasi dengan Kementerian terkait yaitu Kementerian Informasi dan Informatika, dan Kementerian Keuangan terutama Bea dan Cukai. The quality of process services, transparent, and fast are important value which expected by economics including exporters and importers. Online service trade licencing system INATRADE Ministry of Trade needs to increase. Transparent processing and fast service is considered to be the key by exporters and importers because its effected to whole trade activities. This study assessess the quality of online service trading system INATRADE using Service Quality method, and using using Quality Function Deployment to indicating the need for improving technical factors of the INATRADE. It finds that INATRADE users are not satisfied with the service, then the system need to improve to reach the quality of service. The Ministry of Trade has to implementation the service level arrangement which is the target level set by Permendag No.28 / M-DAG / 6/2013. It needs to upgrade human resources capability, especially in solving technical problems, and implementing document verification with digital system to save time, cost, and manpower. With respect to digitalization, the Ministry of Trade needs to coordinate closely with the Ministry of Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance, especially Customs Office.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA EKSPOR INDONESIA Adrian D. Lubis
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 4 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Price and gross domestic product are always use as variables to predict the Indonesian export performance, and it is assumpted that aggragate price and gross domestic product will change 30 to 70 percent it’s performance. This study will build new another assumption to predict the Indonesian export performance. This study use multiregression analysist, and found that Indonesia export tiedly dependent on ten major partners. They are Australia, China, france, germany, Japan, Korea Rep., Malaysia, Thailand, united Kingdom and united States. Indonesia export performance to those partners is influenced by fluctuation of their GDP per capita. This study also found that the Indonesia export performance for agricultural and industrial goods in general depend on fluctuation of comodity price, gdp per capita, and real exchange rate.

INTEGRASI HARGA DAGING SAPI DI PASAR DOMESTIK DAN INTERNASIONAL Ahmad Zainuddin; Ratna Winandi Asmarantaka; Harianto Harianto
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 9 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Permintaan daging sapi di Indonesia yang terus meningkat menyebabkan kesenjangan antara produksi dan konsumsi semakin melebar. Kelebihan permintaan tersebut dipenuhi oleh daging sapi impor yang menyebabkan harga daging sapi domestik mengikuti pergerakan harga daging sapi impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar daging sapi Indonesia dan dunia (respon harga daging sapi domestik terhadap perubahan harga internasional/dunia). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa data bulanan harga retail daging sapi di Indonesia dan harga daging sapi internasional (periode 2009-2013). Analisis data menggunakan model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi integrasi antara harga daging sapi di pasar domestik dan dunia dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek. Hal ini berimplikasi terhadap stabilitas harga daging sapi Indonesia tergantung pada harga daging sapi di pasar dunia. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah melalui Kementerian Perdagangan perlu menerapkan kebijakan stabilitas harga daging sapi agar konsumen dapat menjangkau harga daging sapi yang terus meningkat serta produsen juga tidak dirugikan. The increasing demand of beef in Indonesia has broadened the gaps between production and consumption. This excess demand is solved by importing beef which consequently makes the price of domestic beef follows the imported ones. This research aims to analyze the integration of beef market in Indonesia compared to the world market (as a response of domestic beef prices against the international/world price changes). The study used secondary data including the monthly retail price of beef in Indonesia and international beef prices during 2009-2013. Data analysis used was Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The result shows that there is price integration between domestic beef market and the world market in the long and short run. It gives an implication to the stability of Indonesian beef price which depends heavily on the world market’s price. It is necessary that the government through the Ministry of Trade implement a policy of beef price stability so that the consumers will be able to purchase beef even the price keeps increasing and the producers will not lose the market.

DETERMINING PRIORITY PRODUCTS OF SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES FOR EXPORT THROUGH TRADING HOUSES Fitria Faradila; Hasni Hasni
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 11 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Upaya mempercepat laju ekspor Indonesia melalui peningkatan ekspor dari sektor usaha kecil dan menegah (UKM) merupakan pendekatan yang strategis. UKM telah terbukti sebagai sektor yang mampu bertahan dalam situasi krisis ekonomi domestik dan global. Namun demikian, UKM menghadapi beberapa kendala dalam menembus pasar internasional. Trading House dapat menjadi salah satu solusi dalam mengatasi kendala tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun kriteria prioritas produk potensial ekspor dan sekaligus menentukan produk prioritas ekspor UKM yang akan dimasukkan dalam Trading House. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari BPS dan data primer yang berasal dari FGD. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Analytical Network Process (ANP). Metode ANP diharapkan dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih bagus mengingat kemampuannya dalam memperhitungkan interaksi dua arah antar elemen dan kluster dalam kerangka penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kriteria prioritas untuk menentukan produk Trading House adalah pangsa ekspor, impor dunia dan ketersediaan bahan baku lokal. Produk prioritas Trading House adalah perhiasan dan aksesoris, furnitur, makanan olahan, produk tekstil dan garmen, minyak atsiri (produk spa aromaterapi). Pemerintah perlu segera membangun Trading House yang komprehensif dan mensosialisasikan fungsinya kepada pelaku usaha terutama UKM. One of the efforts to accelerate Indonesian exports can be done through increasing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which is a strategic approach. SMEs are able to survive in the domestic and global economic crisis even though they experienced some obstacles in getting an access to international market. Trading House could be a solution in overcoming the SMEs difficulties. This study aims to establish priority criteria of potential export products as well as priority of export products of SMEs through Trading House. This study utilized both secondary data coming from BPS and primary data from Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and used Analytical Network Process (ANP) method. The ANP is aimed to give the best solution of the problem since it considers two way interactions between elements or clusters (feedback). The results show that the priority criteria for determining Trading House products include the share of exports, world imports and the availability of local raw materials. Trading House priority products are jewelry and accessories, furniture, processed foods, textile and garment products, essential oils (aromatherapy spa products).The government must immediately build a comprehensive Trading House and socialize its functions to business players, especially SMEs.

KINERJA EKSPOR MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA Tuti Ermawati; Yeni Saptia
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 7 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Kajian ini menganalisis kinerja ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) Indonesia diantara negara-negara produsen kelapa sawit, dan kinerja ekspor CPO dan PKO Indonesia ke beberapa negara tujuan ekspor utama. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah indeks Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Constant Market Share (CMS). Berdasarkan hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa kinerja ekspor CPO dan PKO Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Malaysia dan Thailand, tetapi sama dengan Colombia. Sementara hasil dari analisis CMS, kinerja ekspor CPO dan PKO cenderung menurun dibandingkan dengan pertumbuhan ekspor seluruh produk dunia. Disamping itu, parameter dari efek komposisi produk, efek distribusi pasar maupun efek daya saing, masih banyak yang bernilai negatif. Beberapa hal yang perlu dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam meningkatkan daya saing dan kinerja ekspor baik CPO maupun PKO adalah kebijakan yang mendukung pengembangan ekspor CPO maupun PKO dengan mempertimbangkan daya saing hilirisasi industri sawit, peningkatan kualitas CPO dan PKO yang sesuai dengan standar negara yang menjadi tujuan ekspor. The study analyzes the export performance of Indonesia’s Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) among palm oil producers and the performance of Indonesia’s CPO and PKO exports in some major importing countries. The analytical methods used in this study are are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Constant Market Share (CMS) indices. Based on RCA analysis, the performance of Indonesia’s CPO and PKO exports are lower than those of Malaysia and Thailand, but it is still similar to to Colombia. Meanwhile, the CMS analysis shows that the performance of Indonesia’s CPO and PKO exports tend to decrease compared to export growth of all the world products. In spite of these performances, the parameters from the effect of product composition, market distribution and competitiveness are still negative. Several ways that the government should perform to increase the competitiveness and performance of Indonesia’s CPO and PKO exports are supporting policy to the development of CPO and PKO exports by considering the competitiveness of downstreaming palm oil industries, and improving the quality of them in compliance with the standard applied by the export destination countries.

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