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INDONESIA
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan
Published by Kementerian Perdagangan
ISSN : 19799187     EISSN : 25282751     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
First published in 2007, Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan (BILP) is a scientific journal published by the Trade Analysis dan Development Agency (Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Perdagangan - BPPP), Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia. This bulletin is expected to be a media of dissemination and analysis of research results to be used as references for academics, practitioners, policy-makers, and the general public. In collaboration with professional associations, The Indonesian Society of Agricultural Economics (Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia - PERHEPI), BILP publishes research reports and analysis of trade sector and/or sector-related trade which have not been published in any other journals/scholarly publications, either in Bahasa Indonesia or English. Publishing twice a year in July and December, this Bulletin is directly disseminated to stakeholders both in print and online.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 204 Documents
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THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN PRODUCT IN TRADE RELATIONSHIP WITH CHINA Umar Fakhrudin
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 5 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5163.614 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v5i2.143

Abstract

Hubungan perdagangan Indonesia dan China semakin erat setelah implementasi ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) dimulai pada bulan Juli 2005. Krisis keuangan global dan pertumbuhan ekonomi China yang cukup tinggi merupakan fenomena lain yang berkontribusi pada semakin eratnya hubungan kedua negara. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis daya saing produk Indonesia dalam hubungan perdagangan dengan China dengan menggunakan analisis statistik Koefisien Daya Saing Internasional (ICC). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hubungan perdagangan antara Indonesia dan China memberikan daya saing lebih untuk China. Walaupun demikian, ada beberapa produk Indonesia yang memiliki daya saing tinggi dan mengalami peningkatan selama periode tahun 2005 -2009. Produk –produk tersebut antara lain; daging, kakao, karet dan produk karet, bahan anyaman (termasuk rotan dan bambu), tekstil dan garmen, alas kaki, serta bahan tambang seperti besi dan batubara.
THE LEVEL OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF WORLD MAIN COFFEE PRODUCERS Nia Rosiana; Rita Nurmalina; Ratna Winandi; Amzul Rifin
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 11 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (816.007 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v11i2.274

Abstract

Tingkat pertumbuhan produksi kopi dunia cenderung menurun dibandingkan dengan tingkat pertumbuhan konsumsi kopi dunia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh menurunnya produksi kopi di negara-negara penghasil utama. Hal ini berdampak pada jumlah kopi yang diekspor untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan kopi dunia. Penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat persaingan antar negara produsen utama dalam lima periode waktu dengan menggunakan analisis Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada periode 2001-2003, rata-rata pertumbuhan daya saing antar negara paling tinggi dibanding periode lainnya. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya peningkatan ekspor yang cukup signifikan dari negara Honduras yang berdampak pada nilai RCA. Dalam periode 2012-2015, Colombia merupakan negara yang memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan daya saing paling tinggi karena peningkatan jumlah ekspor yang cukup signifikan. Perubahan daya saing dapat mempengaruhi perubahan posisi pasar ekspor suatu negara. Dalam periode 2012-2015, terdapat penurunan pangsa pasar yang terjadi di Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, Honduras, Guatemala dan Peru sedangkan peningkatan pangsa pasar terjadi di Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, dan Uganda. Posisi Indonesia di pasar kopi dunia tahun 2015 yaitu failing stars dimana pangsa kopi Indonesia lebih tinggi dari pangsa kopi dunia. Peningkatan daya saing akan meningkatkan pangsa pasar suatu negara yang didukung oleh peningkatan teknologi, kualitas dan produktivitas kopi. The rate of world coffee production growth tends to decrease compared to the growth rate of world coffee consumption. This is due to the decline of coffee production in some major producing countries. This has an impact on the quantity of exported coffee to meet the demand of world's coffee. This paper analyzed the level of competition among major producing countries in five periods of time using the analysis of RCA and DRCA. The results showed that during the period 2001-2003,the average growth of competitiveness among countries was found to be the highest compared to other periods. This was due to a significant increase in export from Honduras which affected the value of RCA. During the period 2012-2015, Colombia became a country that achieved the highest growth rate of competitiveness due to the significant increase in the number of export. Change in competitiveness can affect the export market position of a country. During the period 2012-2015, the decline in market shared occurred in Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, Honduras, Guatemala, and Peru, while the increasing market share occurred in Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, and Uganda. Indonesia’s position in the world coffee in 2015 was at failing stars in which the coffee share in that country was higher than in the world market. Increased competitiveness will enhance the market share of a country that is supported by improvement of the technology, quality and productivity of coffee.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUSEN MIE INSTAN DALAM PENERAPAN STANDAR NASIONAL INDONESIA Bagas Haryotejo
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 7 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (338.955 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v7i1.103

Abstract

Saat ini terdapat beberapa produk pangan konsumsi yang beredar di pasaran yang belum diwajibkan menerapkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), diantaranya produk mie instan. Studi ini mengkaji berbagai pertimbangan pelaku usaha makanan mie instan dalam penerapan SNI sukarela dan persepsi pelaku usaha terhadap penerapan SNI yang dimaksud. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan model Decision Matrix Analysis (DMA) dan analisis cost and benefit. Berdasarkan hasil kajian ini, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perusahaan menerapkan SNI secara sukarela adalah pemahaman pelaku usaha terhadap materi SNI dan kemampuan lembaga penunjangnya, yaitu lembaga sertifikasi produk, supervisi dan pengawas mutu. Analisis cost and benefit atas persepsi perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa “image” menjadi pertimbangan yang dianggap sebagai benefit bagi perusahaan dalam menerapkan SNI. Sedangkan pertimbangan yang dianggap sebagai cost dalam penerapan SNI secara sukarela adalah biaya pembuatan dan peralatan instalasi laboratorium penguji mutu yang tersertifikasi. Dalam rangka mendukung penerapan SNI diperlukan sosialisasi dan pendampingan terhadap pelaku usaha, insentif pengadaan sarana dan prasarana laboratorium, serta pemangkasan waktu proses pengurusan SNI. Currently a number of consumer food products in the market, such as instant noodles, are not required to meet Indonesian National Standards (SNI). This study analyses what drives instant noodle manufacturers to voluntarily apply SNI and the perceptions of instant noodle manufacturers in implementing the SNI using Decision Matrix Analysis (DMA) and Cost and Benefit Analysis. This study finds that key factors in a manufacturer’s decision to voluntarily implement the SNI are whether it understands the SNI documentation and the capability of the supporting organizations such as product certification and supervision and oversight bodies. Using cost and benefit analysis this study finds that companies believe that they benefit from an improved “image” if they implement SNI. The biggest cost in voluntarily implementing the SNI is in establishing a certified testing laboratory. In order to support the implementation of the SNI, socialization and assistance to manufacturers should be conducted, incentives should be provided for the establishment of laboratory infrastructure, and the process to obtain an SNI certificate should be streamlined.
KETERGANTUNGAN BEBERAPA SEKTOR INDUSTRI TERHADAP BAHAN BAKU IMPOR Reni Kristina Arianti
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 2 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5351.767 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v2i1.160

Abstract

Manufacturing industry sector changes by structural transformation from industry-based on  import substitution to export-oriented industry. Anticipating the rise of imports, especially the increasing of raw material, the Government needs to encourage the growth of the national industry, especially the development of raw material industries in the country as a source of job creation and a source of foreign exchange and national economic value added. This high importation because the resources are not available in this country; a local source of raw materials and quality standards not yet adequate and has not been in accordance with the request of lower domestic industry; when avalaible in this country predicted to be more expensive; hard to get or there is no existence of supply continuity. To find out the level of dependency of  national industry to imported raw material, this research uses regression analysis tool with three equations, those are equations output, equation of value added and income equality. Beside of secondary data analysis, this research also conducted a survey to know the perception of businessmen/exporters which are employers see the import dependence and the possibility of imports substitution, especially imports of raw material with domestic raw materials. Based on the result of analysis, it may be known that the elasticity of the imported raw material is higher than domestic raw material for some sectors such as: footwear sector, electronic chemical sector, also vehicle and its components sector. Some sectors have been rational in using  domestic and imported raw material, that is sector with higher elasticity of  imported raw material than domestic raw material, such as footwear and electronic. But there are some sectors that are not rational in deciding proportion of imported raw material, although elesticity of imported raw materials higher than domestic raw materials, proportion of imported raw material smaller than domestic raw material, such as chemical sector as well as the vehicle and its component sector.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA CONSUMPTION ABROAD (MODA 2) DENGAN COMMERCIAL PRESENCE (MODA 3) DI SEKTOR JASA PARIWISATA INDONESIA Muhammad Fawaiq
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 10 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v10i1.31

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara Moda 2 dan Moda 3 dalam perdagangan internasional di sektor jasa pariwisata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger. Data yang digunakan adalah data kedatangan wisatawan mancanegara dan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) jasa hotel dan restoran tahun 1997-2014 di Bali, Jakarta, Kepulauan Riau dan Sumatera Utara. Daerah-daerah ini berkontribusi sebesar 81,26% dari total kedatangan wisatawan mancanegara di Indonesia dan 68% terhadap total FDI di jasa hotel dan restoran Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan kausalitas jangka pendek antara kedua variabel tetapi terdapat hubungan jangka panjang satu arah yaitu variabel Moda 3 dipengaruhi oleh variabel Moda 2. Hasil pengujian pada gabungan antara jangka panjang dan jangka pendek menujukkan bahwa variabel Moda 3 secara kuat dipengaruhi oleh variabel Moda 2. Dengan demikian diketahui bahwa semakin banyak jumlah wisatawan mancanegara yang datang ke Indonesia maka akan mendorong meningkatnya FDI di jasa hotel dan restoran, tetapi meningkatnya FDI di jasa tersebut tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap masuknya jumlah wisatawan mancanegara. This paper examines the relationship between Mode 2 and Mode 3 of international trade in tourism sector. The method used is the Panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger. The data used in this study were the number of foreign tourist arrivals and the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in some hotels and restaurants during 1997-2014 in Bali, Jakarta, Riau Islands and Nort Sumatera.These regions contributed for 81.26% out of the total tourist arrivals in Indonesia and 68% of the total FDI in the services of hotels and restaurants Indonesia. The results using VECM Granger demonstrated that there was no short-term causality relationship between these two variables but they had a long-term causality relationship that the Moda 3 was affected by the variable mode 2. Test results on a combination of long-term and short-term showed that the variable mode 3 was strongly influenced by variable mode 2. Thus, it is known that the more foreign tourists coming to Indonesia, the more FDI we gained from the service of hotels and restaurants, but this increase does not significantly affect the number of foreign tourists.
PROSPEK KERJASAMA PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA – INDIA Irma Rahmawati
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1682.849 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v1i3.302

Abstract

This Research was conducated to see the progress of Trade relationship between Indonesia and India , to see global picture of benefit to do a free trade agreements (FTA) with India, to see future prospect of Indonesian Main export Comodities to India. India was Indonesian good Trade partner, and it was shown by the increase of total Trade and also Trade balance in each year. Simulation by WITS-Smart Programme show that realization of FTA between Indonesia and India will benefit for both countries. Simulation of India’s tariff cut show there are an increase on welfare in India and export in Indonesia. Most of main export Comodities have good prospect to increase with FTA realization. Prospect Indicators are seen by copper growth from the wortlh, and the value of Trade total effect that is created by the realization of FTA.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP TANGGUNG JAWAB MUTLAK (STRICT LIABILITY) DALAM RANGKA PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN Yudha Hadian Nur; Dwi Wahyuniarti Prabowo
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 5 No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1053.241 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v5i2.127

Abstract

Indonesia’s population is about 235 million in 2010, which becomes a potential market for producers. However, these situations become a problem because of the low education and other social economic problems which cause exploitation on consumer. Although the Law no 8, year of 1999 on consumer protection was launched by the government, the law enforcement on consumer protection is still in question. One of the alternative solutions that can be raised is the regulation of the amendment of consumer protection law by adding the principles of strict liability. It should also include the design for the area of business to be enforced, including the producers who become the subject of the provision.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PERDAGANGAN GULA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS USAHA TANI TEBU: KASUS DI KABUPATEN KLATEN JAWA TENGAH Tjetjep Nurasa; Iwan Setiajie A.
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 2 No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4277.449 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v2i2.176

Abstract

Trade policy does not only affecting the sugar cane at macro level, but also in micro level through the price mechanism of output change. The prices increases in 3 scenarios, that are the suger price at producer price from IDR 3,410 to IDR 1,461,3 for the A scenario, to IDR 2,600 for the B scenario, to IDR 2,270 for C scenario. The adantage of sugar cane farming in district of Klaten, Central Java in planning smaller than keprasan. This isdue to the expensive of preparation of crop, seed and plant, where as in keprasan doess not need it, Even, the advantages of earty harvest in non irrigation area in Klaten district decreased sharply. All policyes scenarios causes advantage of natura sugar cane in degradation sharply in which those scenarios cause advantages tend to negative. It means non profit nor in rice field either in non irrigated. While the crop of ratoon (keprasan), the profit decrease but non negative. This means that the farmer sugar cane will poor extremally if they are in protection tariff. Abolition policy of tariff or non-tariff is also will cause decreases profits. Therefore, the combination policy of tariff and non-tariff is still needed in order to protect farmer of sugar cane and national sugar industry.
ANALISIS PENGARUH EKSPOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA Ari Mulianta Ginting
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 11 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (468.314 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v11i1.185

Abstract

Ekspor merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara, sejalan dengan hipotesis export-led growth (ELG). Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia periode kuartal I 2001 sampai dengan kuartal IV 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dalam menggambarkan perkembangan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta ekspor dan analisis kuantitatif metode Error Correction Model (ECM) dalam menganalisis efek jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dari ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pada periode penelitian, data yang ada menunjukkan bahwa ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia sama-sama mengalami peningkatan. Hasil regresi ECM menunjukkan bahwa ekspor memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, yang mendukung hipotesis bahwa ELG berlaku untuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia. Peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan perbaikan sistem administrasi ekspor, peningkatan riset dan pengembangan produk Indonesia, peningkatan sarana dan prasarana infrastruktur, stabilitas nilai tukar dan perluasan pasar non tradisional, termasuk perbaikan struktur ekspor komoditas. Export is one of the factors behind the economic growth which is in line with the export-led growth hypotesis (ELG). This research analyzes the relationship between economic growth and export of Indonesia during first quarter of 2001 until fourth quarter of 2015. It employs descriptive analysis to describe export movement and economic growth during the study period and ECM model to analyze the long run and the short run effects of export on the economic growth. The available information indicated that, during the study period, both export and economic growth showed similar increasing trends. The result of the ECM model revealed that export had a positive and statistically significant relationship with the economic growth, supporting the hypotesis of ELG in Indonesia. Hence, to accelerate economic growth, efforts are required to boost the export performance in Indonesia. The Export performance can be increased by several way, such as improving the export administration system, increasing the research and development of Indonesian products, improving the facilities and infrastructure, exchange rate stability and the non-tradisional markets expansion, and including improvement of the export commodity structure.
IMPLIKASI PERJANJIAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KINERJA PERDAGANGAN PRODUK TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI INDONESIA Rahayu Ningsih
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 7 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (426.275 KB) | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v7i1.98

Abstract

Information Technology Agreement (ITA) merupakan perjanjian liberalisasi atas produk Information Technology (IT) yang telah ditandatangani oleh 29 ekonomi pada tahun 1996 yang bertujuan untuk mendorong keberlanjutan pengembangan teknologi dan industri informasi teknologi di berbagai negara. Dalam perkembangannya, Amerika Serikat dan Uni Eropa mengusulkan adanya perluasan liberalisasi produk IT (ITA Tahap 2). Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi kinerja produk IT Indonesia dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa neraca perdagangan produk IT Indonesia terus mengalami defisit. Oleh karena itu, usulan perluasan cakupan produk IT yang akan diliberalisasikan perlu dipertimbangkan kembali mengingat kinerja industri IT yang tercakup dalam ITA Tahap 1 belum menunjukkan kinerja sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Signed by 29 economies in 1996, the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) liberalizes trade in Information Technology (IT) products promoting sustainable development of the technology and the information technology industries in various countries. The United States and the European Union now propose to extend the agreement to cover more IT products (ITA stage 2). The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the performance of Indonesia’s IT sector. We show that Indonesia’s IT product trade balance continues to be in deficit. Therefore, Indonesia should reconsider joining ITA stage 2 as the performance of the Indonesian IT industry covered by the ITA stage 1 has not been as strong as hoped.

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