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Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis

JITKT
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Published by Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

ISSN : - EISSN : 16933834 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal ini mempublikasikan artikel asli baik penelitian dasar maupun terapan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kayu, bahan berlignoselulosa bukan kayu, hasil hutan lainnya dan industri hasil hutan.

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Articles 11 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis" : 11 Documents clear

Characteristics of Sengon Rotary-Cut Veneer Abigael Kabe; Wayan Darmawan; Muhammad Y Massijaya
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Fast growing sengon is largely rotary-cut to produce veneer for plywood, com-ply and LVL. In order to provide better information on veneer production and utilization, in this study the effects of wood juvenility and veneer thickness on lathe checks of sengon rotary-cut veneer were evaluated. Before veneer manufacturing, the sengon log was boiled at 50 and 75 oC for 4 and 8 h, respectively. The boiled logs were peeled to produce veneer of 1 and 2 mm in thickness. Lathe checks of veneers were measured under an optical video microscope. The rotary-cut veneer was grouped and evaluated separately at every segmented ring of 2 cm from pith to bark. The results showed that wood juvenility and veneer thickness had an important effect on lathe checks for the rotary-cut veneer. In general, the number of lathe check of the veneer increases with increasing veneer thickness and increase from pith to bark. Boiling of logs before rotary-cutting could decrease the value of lathe check. The results indicated that boiling of logs at 50 oC for 8 h, and at 75 oC for 4 and 8 h could minimize the number of lathe checks in manufacturing of 1 and 2 mm rotary-cut veneer from juvenile wood sengon.Key words: juvenility, lathe check, Paraserianthes falcataria, rotary-cut veneer, veneer thickness

Properties Enhancement of Rubber Wood Particleboard Laminated with Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Resin Fauzi Febrianto; See P Hwee; Ching K Man; Wahyu Hidayat
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The main weaknesses of particleboard are that it has a lower strength and a lower dimensional stability compared to solid wood. Therefore, in order to gain excellent properties prior to be used, it needs some treatments, i.e., resin thermoplastic laminated. The objectives of this study were to improve the physical and mechanical properties of rubber wood particleboard laminated with low density ethylene (LDPE) resin. Rubber wood particleboard was laminated with 4 different concentrations of LDPE resins (i.e., 5, 10, 15, and 20%). The physical and mechanical properties of board were evaluated both in dry and wet states. The results indicated that the dimensional stability of board after laminated with LDPE resin showed significant improvement in term of water absorption and thickness swelling. Modulus of rupture and srew resistant of resulted particle board were increased with addition of LDPE resin. Modulus of elasticity and surface hardness of the particleboard were slightly decreased with addition of LDPE resin. The intenal bond was unchanged. The best treatment was found on lamination the surface of particleboard with 5% LDPE resin. All the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard laminated with 5% LDPE resin met the requirements of JIS A 5908-2003 standard.Key words: dimensional stabilization, low density polyethylene, mechanical properties, particleboard

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Made from Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Fruit Hulls Reinforced with Wood Particle Apri H Iswanto; Fauzi Febrianto; Yusuf Sudo Hadi; Surdiding Ruhendi; Dede Hermawan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The objective of this research was to evaluate the properties of particleboard made from mixtures of jatropha fruit hulls (JFH) and wood particle in several mixture ratios. JFH, and mangium wood (Acacia mangium Wild) particle were untreated and treated with 1% acetic acid solution for 24 h. Urea formaldehyde (UF) resin with 10% resin content (SC: 63%) was used as binder. The ratio of JFH and wood particles were set at 100:0, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 0:100. The target density of particleboard was set at 0.70 g cm-3. The temperature and pressure of hot pressing were set at 130 ºC and 2.544 N mm-2 for 10 minutes. The physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were evaluated according to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The result indicated that addition of untreated mangium wood particle onto JFH particles improved mechanical properties of board especially modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) parameters. However, the internal bond (IB) parameter was found to decrease with addition of wood particle. The higher amount of wood particle added resulted in the better the MOR and MOE parameters. Addition of acetic acid treated mangium wood particle onto JFH particleboard resulted in lower physical and mechanical properties.Key words: Jatropha curcas, fruit hulls, particleboard, wood particle

Extractive Composition of Mangium Wood (Acacia mangium) Ganis Lukmandaru
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The objective of this research is to find out the extractive composition of mangium wood. A total of 25 mangium trees (24-years) from 5 provenances (Sidei Papua, West of Morehead, Daintree, Ellerbeck, Red Cardwell, and El Arish) were investigated. The extractive contents were determined by successive soxhlet extraction in two solvents (n-hexane and methanol). The results showed that the effect of provenance factor is not significant by analysis of variance. The range of n-hexane extracts were 1-6% which the highest value was obtained in the heartwood whereas methanol extracts ranged from 3-18% as the highest value was measured in the bark. In the n-hexane extracts based, neutral fractions dominated (80-95%) the composition the sapwood and heartwood. After saponification, the similar tendency was also observed which the unsaponifiables (60-80%) composed the most part in the neutral fraction of sapwood and heartwood. In the methanol extracts based, residue fractions (55-65%) composed the most part in the bark while dichloromethane fractions were comparatively high (30-41%) in the sapwood parts. In the heartwood, buthanol and residue fractions dominated (15-77%) in considerable varied patterns. Differences due to provenance factor was also observed, both in the n-hexane and methanol extract fractions.Key words: Acacia mangium, extractives, provenance, radial direction

The Change of Wood Acidity during Drying Process Deded S Nawawi; Trisna Priadi; Benny Murwentiano
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Wood acidity is an importance factors in the wood processing and utilization. The acidity of wood might change due to some factors such as moisture, drying, and storage time of wood. The wood acidity of two wood species; sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and manii (Maesopsis eminii) and its change by drying process were investigated with respect to pH value and buffering capacity. Drying of wood was carried out on 28 and 60 oC for 24, 48, 72 and 144 h, respectively. The drying of wood was able to change of wood acidity. The acidity of wood increased by increasing the drying temperature and time. On the temperature of 60 oC, a lower pH value and higher bufering capacity of wood were obtained for longer time of drying. Manii wood was more acidic than that of sengon wood.Key words: bufering capacity, pH value, wood acidity, wood drying

The Properties of Bamboo and Old Corrugated Containers Pulp Mixture Nyoman J Wistara; Dwi A Purnamasari; Dian A Indrawan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The objective of this research was to determine the optimum freeness of virgin bamboo pulp capable of increasing pulp mixture strength and decreasing the quantity of old corrugated containers (OCC) pulp substitution in the mixture. OCC was soaked for 7 days and disintegrated afterward. Soda pulping of bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) was carried out following the pulping parameters of 35% NaOH charge, L:W of 4:1, maximum temperature of 170 oC and total cooking time of 3 h. Kappa number and pulping yield were determined based on TAPPI T236 cm-85 standard. Bamboo and OCC pulp was bleached following the method of D0ED1D2. Bleached bamboo pulp was beaten up to the freeness of 100, 200, 300, and 400 ml CSF. While that of OCC was up to 400 ml CSF only. The compositions of bamboo and OCC pulp mixture (B:K) were 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, and 100:0. Physical and optical properties of pulp mixture were determined based on TAPPI T205 sp-02 standard. The pulp composition of (B:K) 20:80 at freeness level of 400 ml CSF was resulted in the highest strength properties based on Duncan scoring. Pulp beating was able to decrease the composition of bamboo pulp in pulp mixture while retaining the strength properties.Key words: bamboo, beating, freeness, old corrugated containers, pulp composition

Anatomical Structure of Surian Wood (Toona sinensis Roem) Atmawi Darwis; Imam Wahyudi; Ratih Damayanti
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Surian wood (Toona sinensis Roem) is one species of wood that is easily found in Indonesia, especially in West Java. The purpose of this study was to descriptively and quantitatively observe the anatomical structure of surian wood. The wood was collected from Sumedang regency, West Java. The results showed that this wood had oval to round shaped vessels and some of them contain a reddish brown liquid that causes a characteristic odor due to axial intersellular canals. The vessels were mostly solitary and arranged to follow the pattern of the porous ring. There were septate fibers indicated. Axial parenchyma cells were included in the category of paratracheal vasisentrik and marginal bands in the early wood. The ray composition consists of upright and procumbent cells. In the ray cell, there are prismatic crystals in rhomboidal or octahedral shape. Based on the dimensions of fibers, this wood has first-class fiber quality for pulp and paper.Key words: anatomical structure, fiber dimension, fiber quality, Toona sinensis

Anatomical Properties of Flindersia pimenteliana F. Muell from Wondama Bay West Papua Renny Purnawati; Imam Wahyudi; Trisna Priadi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Anatomical properties of Flindersia pimenteliana F. Muell wood from natural forest in Wondama Bay, West Papua was studied in order to analyze its general characteristic, anatomical structure and fiber quality. The microtome slides were prepared according to the Johansen's method, while the anatomical features observed according to the International Anatomist Wood Association (IAWA) List. The results showed that F. pimenteliana wood has decorative figure, white sapwood to pinkish and reddish brown heartwood, fine texture, straight grain, lustrous, good smell, moderately soft and light. The main characters of this species were growth ring indistinct, diffuse porous, simple perforation plate, vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2-4 cells, inter vessel pits alternate, minute, vessel-ray pits with distinct borders, similar to inter vessel pit in size and shape,white deposit present in pores, axial parenchyma diffuse, scanty paratracheal and vascicentric, rays width 1-3 cells, prismatic crystals present in chambered axial parenchyma cells. Fiber length, diameter and wall thickness were 1,120.51, 19.22, and 2.66 μm, respectively. Fiber quality of F. pimenteliana could be classified into quality class II. Based on these properties, it could be recommended that this wood is suitable for wood craft, furniture, and cabinet work.Key words: anatomical structure, fiber quality, Flindersia pimenteliana, microtome slides

Some Chemical Properties and Natural Durability of Samama Wood (Antocephalus macrophylus Roxb.) against Subterranean Termite Tekat D Cahyono; Syarif Ohorella; Fauzi Febrianto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Samama wood (Antocephalus macrophylus Roxb.) is an endemic wood of Sulawesi and Moluccas. This wood belongs to the 3rd class of wood strength. However, its natural durability against termite attack is still unknown. Therefore, the research about its extractives, ash content, heating value, and natural durability is paramount to appropriate usage of the wood. The samples were prepared from samama wood with diameter and height of 30-45 cm and 8.2-11.4 m, respectively. The results indicated that the extractive solubility in hot water, cold water and ethanol benzene were 7.83, 3.86, and 4.47%, respectively. The ash content was 1.31%, meanwhile the heating value was 4059 cal g-1. Based on its weight loss value, according to SNI 01-7207-2006 standard, the natural durability of samama wood against subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus) is classified as in the 2nd class.Key words : Antocephalus macrophylus, extractives, heating value, natural durability, subterranean termite

Profitability and Market Chain Analyses of Sumatera Benzoin at Sampean Village District of Humbang Hasundutan North Sumatera Province Exas DL Gaol; Bintang C Simangunsong
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Sumatera benzoin is one of Indonesia’non-timber forest products and traditionally produced from Styrax community forest. This community forest has not been intensively managed due to lack of farmer’s market acces and its fluctuated gum prices. Profitability and market chains of benzoin bussines was then analysed. Fifteen farmers at Sampean Village - one of the Sumatera benzoin producer centres - were interviewed and observed. The average of forest area managed by a farmer was about 5 ha with gum production of 201.6 kg per year. The annual production cost and profit of a farmer were estimated about Rp. 4.99 millions and Rp.10.47 millions, respectively. When farmer’s labour was taken into account as a variable cost, the farmer’s profit would drastically decline to Rp. 1.47 millions per year, which was much lower than farmer’s income generated from padi or coffee plantations. Two type market chains of Sumatera benzoin were also identified: a main line and a secondary line. The secondary line was found as the most efficient market chain with value of Rp. 43000 per kg and had the highest farmer’s share of 69%.Key words: market chain, non-timber forest products, production cost, styrax forest, sumatera benzoin

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