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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML)
Published by Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Klinik Indonesia
ISSN : 08544263     EISSN : 24774685     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.24293
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) is a journal published by “Association of Clinical Pathologist” professional association. This journal displays articles in the Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory scope. Clinical Pathology has a couple of subdivisions, namely: Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Immunology and Serology, Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Hepatology, Cardiovascular, Endocrinology, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and Molecular Biology. Scientific articles of these topics, mainly emphasize on the laboratory examinations, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis in a disease.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 28, No 2 (2022)" : 24 Documents clear
Immunogenicity Assessment on Clinical Trials of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Munawaroh Fitriah; Jusak Nugraha
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1975

Abstract

Various strategies for dealing with COVID-19 have been carried out since the WHO declared COVID-19 as an international health emergency. One of the preventive strategies is the development of vaccines. Various vaccines have been developed worldwide. As of April 13, 2021, there were 184 vaccine candidates in the pre-clinical phase and 16 vaccine candidates currently in phase III clinical trials using several platforms, such as inactivated viruses, vector viruses, and protein subunits, and mRNA. Clinical trials of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine include a screening test consisting of thorough physical examination and laboratory tests. The safety of clinical trials is evaluated based on laboratory test results referring to the standard toxicity grading scale. Immunogenicity assessment at the stage of clinical trials of vaccines includes assessment of humoral and cellular immunogenicity. The humoral immunogenicity test measures the ability of antibodies to neutralize the virus with the live virus neutralization test, Pseudo Virus Neutralization Test (pVNT), and Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (sVNT) method. The cellular immunogenicity response aims to assess the immune response that leads to the Th1-cell phenotype. The COVID-19 vaccine under development is expected to trigger a helper 1 (Th1) cell response. Th1-producing Interferon-g (IFNg) is formed during acute viral infection, and Th1-type immune response correlates with milder disease. This is one of the considerations in vaccination. Th1-cell phenotype as part of cellular immunogenicity can be evaluated with ELISPOT, interferon-gamma release assay, and flow cytometry using blood samples that have been cultured with the administration of specific SARS-CoV-2 peptides. This literature review aims to study various immunogenicity assessments in the laboratory for clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines.
Concordance Test of Various Erythrocyte Indices for Screening of Beta Thalassemia Carrier Reni Nurazizah; Renaldi Satria Handika; Edhyana Sahiratmadja; Yoyos Dias Ismiarto; Delita Prihatni
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1842

Abstract

Carrier screening for early detection of thalassemia in the general population needs a careful approach, especially in areas with limited health services. Various erythrocyte indices have been introduced as options for the first stage; however, the low-reliability value of these erythrocyte indices remains the problem. This study aimed to determine the most reliable index for screening beta-thalassemia carriers and distinguish it from iron deficiency anemia. A cross-sectional study was designed to explore thalassemia carrier status among medical students. Inter-rater reliability value of various indices was compared to Shine and Lal index. The Cohen's Kappa coefficient was calculated using SPSS v. 25.0. Among 320 respondents, 295 subjects were non-anemic and 25 were anemic subjects, whereas 105 subjects had low MCV and/or MCH values. Cohen's Kappa value showed moderate reliability results compared to Shine and Lal index for example Mentzer index (0.58), Ehsani index (0.57), Srivastava index (0.53), and Bordbar index (0.41), but showed very low-reliability results with Green and King index (0.04). New cut-off indices based on Kumar et al. were also compared, resulting in moderate reliability results. Since there was no Hb-electrophoresis test, the sensitivities and specificities of those indices could not be calculated. For this reason, a complete blood count can only be used for the early stages of screening for beta-thalassemia carriers, whereas Hb-electrophoresis and DNA tests were considered necessary to perform to confirm a diagnosis.
Gene Expression of SOX2, OCT4, and Nanog by Small Molecule Compound VC6TFZ on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Rizka Amalia; Budi Susetyo Pikir; Andrianto Andrianto
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1759

Abstract

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are a potential source of cells to be induced into pluripotent stem cells because the collection procedure is easy, minimally invasive, and can be stored in a frozen form. Small molecule compound VC6TFZ consisting of valproic acid (VPA), CHIR990210 (CHIR), 616452, Tranylcypromine, Farsokline, 3-deazaneplanocin (DZnep) and TTNPB has been shown to induce pluripotency in mouse fibroblasts, but this has not been proven in peripheral blood cells. This chemical reprogramming strategy has the potential to be used in producing the desired functional cell types for clinical applications. This study aims to determine whether the small molecule compound VC6TFZ can induce pluripotency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells. Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral venous blood by density gradient centrifugation method. The cells are grouped into 4 groups. Group 1 was the control group, which was not exposed to the small molecule. Groups 2-4 were experimental groups exposed to different doses of the small molecule VC6TFZ. Identification of induced pluripotent stem cells was carried out by identifying colony morphology and pluripotent gene expression of Octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4), Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and Nanog using Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Colonies with a round shape, large, cobble stone like, and clear boundaries resembling pluripotent stem cell colonies appeared on the 9th day of the induction process. OCT4 and Nanog gene expression were significantly increased in the treatment group compared to the control.
Correlation between Inflammatory Markers of Platelet Index and Vitamin D with Body Mass Index Grace Yuni Harviendo; Ariosta Ariosta; Meita Hendrianingtyas
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1816

Abstract

Weight loss is more of a worldwide health problem and a risk factor for chronic disease. The decrease in serum vitamin D levels in body weight leads to more low grade inflammation. This study aims to determine the relationship between the platelet index, namely MPV, P-LCR as a marker of inflammation and vitamin D with body mass index (BMI). This study was a cross-sectional study of 78 women at the Diponegoro National Hospital with overweight (BMI> 23) in July - September 2020. Data analysis was done using Pearson and Spearman tests and significant if p <0.05. Of the 78 research samples, there was a significant relationship between BMI and MPV (r = 0.404; p = 0.000); P-LCR (r = 0.425; p = 0.000) and 25 (OH) D (r = -0.231; p = 0.04). Low vitamin D levels in obesity and low-grade inflammation increase pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased leptin levels in obesity contribute to platelet hyperreactivity. Increased platelet activity compensates for the platelets so that the MPV and P-CLR values increase. There is a moderate significant positive relationship between MPV, P-CLR and BMI and a weak significant negative relationship between 25 (OH) D and BMI.
Pediatric Sepsis by Multi-Drugs Resistance Organism: Length of Stay, Prognosis, and Hospitalization Cost Evaluation Anindita Novia Damayanti; IGAA Putri Sri Rejeki; Ferdy Royland Marpaung
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1711

Abstract

Multi-Drugs Resistance (MDR) is a condition where bacteria are resistant to at least one type of antibiotic from three classes of antibiotics. One of the organisms included in the MDR is an Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Multi-drug resistance bacteria have been widely reported globally as a cause of severe infections. Still, information on the comparison of Length of Stay (LOS), hospitalization costs, and outcome status of the patients infected with MDR bacteria and infected with non-MDR bacteria is still limited. This study aimed to compare LOS, treatment costs, and outcome status of the BPJS pediatric sepsis patients infected with MDR bacteria and non-MDR bacteria in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. This study was observational research using medical records of hospitalized pediatric patients with BPJS insurance at the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from January 2015-July 2018 (n=49). The variables of this study were microbiology culture results and antibiotics sensitivity tests, LOS, INA-CBGs rates provided by BPJS, actual hospitalization cost, and outcome status. Statistical analyses were performed to compare LOS, INA-CBGs, actual cost, and outcome status of patients infected by MDR bacteria (ESBL and non-ESBL) or non-MDR bacteria. The results of this study include the average LOS value of non-MDR, MDR ESBL, and MDR non-ESBL cases, which were 30.55; 46.18; 32.41. Comparison of INA-CBGs and the actual cost of the three were 0.886 and 0.990, respectively, with p>0.05, and each percentage of the mortality patients was 27.3%, 45.5%, and 40.7%. There was no significant difference in the hospitalization cost and outcome status of patients infected by MDR bacteria (ESBL and non-ESBL) and non-MDR bacteria. Each percentage of LOS was also not much different. Still, MDR patients tended to be treated longer, require higher costs, and have a worseprognosis.
Campylobacteriosis in An Outbreak of Foodborne Disease at Bantar Gadung Village Palabuhan Ratu Luhung Budiailmiawan; Ida Parwati; Coriejati Rita; Dewi Lokida
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1815

Abstract

Campylobacteriosis is a rare enteritis case in Indonesia. On September 12, 2019, there was an outbreak of foodborne diseases with the symptoms of fever, abdominal cramps, and bloody diarrhea after eating food from the Tahlilan (funeral prayer) ceremonial at Bantar Gadung village Palabuhan Ratu Sukabumi. The laboratory and epidemiological investigationwere performed. Fresh stool samples were collected from 18 suspected cases. Gram stain, routine stool examination, and PCR were performed. The PCR method was used based on the nested PCR method by Platts-Mills et al. for Campylobacter spp. The positive result was identified by visualization in gel electrophoresis at 816-bp. Interview, environmental investigation, and analysis of incidence rate were performed for epidemiological study. The majority of patients were males aged 33-48 years old. The main symptoms were fever (100%), abdominal cramps (100%), and bloody diarrhea (11/18;61%). Nine of them (9/11; 82%) were confirmed by Gram staining as Gram- negative bacteria, with comma, s-shaped, or seagull appearance, as presumptive Campylobacter spp. Two patients (2/18;11%) were confirmed infected with Campylobacterspp. by PCR and sequencing tests. It has been found that this outbreak was caused by food contaminated with Campylobacter spp. The incidence rate of Campylobacteriosis in this outbreak was 11%.
Cover and Contents Dian Wahyu Utami
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.2008

Abstract

Analysis of Platelet Indices and Proteinuria in Primary Hypertensive Patients Deny Suryana; Yuyun Widaningsih; Fitriani Mangarengi; Darwati Muhadi
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1772

Abstract

Hypertension is a silent killer that causes premature death, an estimated 9.4 million people die each year due to hypertension and its complications. Primary hypertension promotes endothelial damage-causing platelet release reaction. Without treatment, it may cause renal damage, which leads to proteinuria. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of the platelet indices (PLT, PDW, PCT, MPV) in predicting proteinuria among patients with primary hypertension based on its stage. A retrospective study using medical records of patients diagnosed with primary hypertension by clinicians at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January-December 2019. Complete Blood Count (CBC) using the flow cytometry and routine urine test with urine analyzer were performed. The statistical test used in this study were the independent T-test, Chi-Square test, and oneway ANOVA test. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) were used to determine the cut-off. The sample consisted of 78 patients. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) was significantly higher in proteinuria patients and stage two hypertension with p<0.001. There was a significant relationship between stage two hypertension and proteinuria with p=0.018. ROC analysis showed MPV Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.774 with p<0.001, which indicated that MPV can be used as a predictor of proteinuria with a cut-off point of 8.55. MPV increases on the platelet indices, proteinuria with stage 2 hypertension are caused by damage to glomerular endothelium, which leads to platelet activation characterized by degranulation, swelling, and increases in platelet mass and volume. There was a relationship between an increase of MPV and proteinuria in patients with stage 2 hypertension.
The Differences of N–Acetyl–β–Glucosaminidase and β2 Microglobulin levels in Patients with and without Early Diabetic Nephropathy Cynthia Citra; Edward Kurnia Setiawan Limijadi; Banundari Rachmawati
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1836

Abstract

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is becoming the most serious microvascular complication, which be marked by the presence of persistent albuminuria. N–asetil–β–glucosaminidase is dominant lyzosom enzyme in the renal tubule epitel. β2 microglobulin is low molecular weight protein which produced by major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC-1) expressed cell in all nucleated cell. N–asetil–β–glucosaminidase and β2 microglobulin could be new usefull marker for early DN. Analytic observational study with cross sectional approach was conducted in May – July 2019 involving 27 non diabetic patients (K1), 27 diabetic patients without DN (K2) and 27 diabetic patients with early DN (K3) at the Clinical Pathology department of Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University and Diabetic Clinic. Data include age, gender, fasting blood glucose, blood preasure and urine albumin creatinine ratio. N–asetil–β–glucosaminidase level between groups were analyzed using Anova, β2 microglobulin level between groups using Kruskal Wallis, p<0.05 were considered significant. There are significant differences in levels of N–asetil–β–glucosaminidase between K1 and K2 (p =0.01), K1 and K3 (p =< 0.01), K2 and K3 (p = 0.03) and β2 microglobulin  between K1 and K2 (p = 0.02), K1 and K3 (p =< 0.01), K2 and K3 (p< 0.01). N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and β2 microglobulin levels were higher in K2 compared to K1 and increased higher in K3 compared to K1 and K2. N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and β2 microglobulin can be used as an alternative marker for early DN. 
Analysis of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Yunita Rapa&#039;; Liong Boy Kurniawan; Asvin Nurulita; Fitriani Mangarengi
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 28, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1807

Abstract

Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is a small protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa, belongs to the lipocalin protein family and functions as a growth factor and differentiation of various cell types such as renal tubular epithelial cells. This aim of study was to determine the level of NGAL in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. This study was a cross sectional study involving 70 type 2 DM patients with 30 patients with controlled type 2 DM and 40 uncontrolled type 2 DM groups. HbA1c, urea, creatinine, and urinalysis data were measured. NGAL level was measured using the ELISA method. The statistical tests used were Chi-Square, unpaired T test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test. The test result is significant if the p-value <0.05. NGAL normally found in the circulation will be filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubule. Increased levels of NGAL can be found 2-6 hours in the blood and urine after injury to the kidneys. Excretion of NGAL in blood occurs when there is damage to the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule of the kidney. There was a significant difference in NGAL levels in the controlled and uncontrolled groups of type 2 DM patients. Positive correlation indicates that the higher the HbA1c and creatinine levels, the higher the NGAL level. There was a significant difference in NGAL levels in the controlled and uncontrolled type 2 DM groups (25.09 ± 6.83 vs 112.54 ± 170.38 ng / mL, with p value <0.001). There was a positive correlation between NGAL and HbA1c levels with p value <0.001, r =0.507 and creatinine levels with p value <0.001, r =0.769. NGAL normally found in the circulation will be filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubule. Increased levels of NGAL can be found 2-6 hours in the blood and urine after injury to the kidneys. Excretion of NGAL in blood occurs when there is damage to the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule of the kidney. There was a significant difference in NGAL levels in the controlled and uncontrolled groups of type 2 DM patients. Positive correlation indicates that the higher the HbA1c and creatinine levels, the higher the NGAL level.

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