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ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal
Published by Universitas Surabaya
ISSN : 02150158     EISSN : 26205963     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Anima publishes peer reviewed articles with editors and consultants providing detailed assistance for authors to reach publication. Anima publishes research reports and scientific papers in psychology and/or related sciences with the aim to advance science, knowledge, and theory of psychology.
Arjuna Subject : Psikologi - Psikologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 187 Documents
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The Marital Adjustment Dynamics of Ahmadi and Non-Ahmadi Descent of the Ahmadiyya Jamaat in Indonesia: [Dinamika Penyesuaian Perkawinan Pasangan Keturunan dan Bukan Keturunan Anggota Jemaat Ahmadiyah di Indonesia] Putri Yunifa; Tina Afiatin
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol. 38 No. 2 (2023): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 38, No. 2, 2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v38i2.4938

Abstract

Marital adjustment between couples with different and stigmatized religious backgrounds has rarely been studied. This study aims to explain the dynamics of marital adjustment for Ahmadiyya members who are of Ahmadi descent and married to individuals of non-Ahmadi descent using a multiple case study approach. This study conducted in-depth interviews with four couples from Indonesian Ahmadiyya Muslim Congregation, consisting of two husband and wife couples with husbands of Ahmadi descent, and two husband and wife couples of Ahmadi descent. Data were analyzed with a cross-case synthesis. Personality factors (socialization and achievement) that are followed by adaptation have shaped the marital adjustments of the four husbands and wives of Ahmadi descent in this study. Personality strengthens relational commitments which play an important role in marital adjustment. In active Ahmadi couples, personality factors strengthen the religious commitment of the spouses, but they also compromise their partner's shortcomings in religious matters. Personality factors also encourage them to continue to show tolerance and generosity towards extended families who have shown a stigmatizing attitude towards them as Ahmadis. This study implies the importance of considering personality factors that predict partner adjustment and not only religiosity or religious background in marriages among religious groups. Penyesuaian perkawinan antara pasangan dengan latar belakang keagamaan berbeda dan terstigmatisasi jarang dipelajari. Studi ini bertujuan menjelaskan dinamika penyesuaian perkawinan anggota Jemaat Ahmadiyah keturunan Ahmadi yang menikah dengan individu bukan keturunan Ahmadi dengan pendekatan studi kasus majemuk. Studi ini melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada empat pasang suami-istri anggota Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI) yang terdiri dari dua pasang suami-istri dengan suami keturunan Ahmadi, dan dua pasang suami-istri dengan istri keturunan Ahmadi. Data dianalisis dengan sintesis lintas kasus. Faktor kepribadian (socialization dan achievement) yang diikuti dengan adaptasi membentuk penyesuaian perkawinan pada keempat suami-istri lintas keturunan Ahmadi tersebut. Kepribadian memperkuat komitmen relasional yang berperan penting dalam penyesuaian perkawinan. Pada pasangan Ahmadi yang aktif, faktor kepribadian memperkuat komitmen religius suami-istri, namun mereka juga berkompromi dengan kekurangan pasangan mereka dalam hal keagamaan. Faktor kepribadian juga mendorong mereka tetap menunjukkan toleransi dan kemurahan hati terhadap keluarga besar yang pernah menunjukkan sikap stigmatik terhadap mereka sebagai Ahmadi. Studi ini mengimplikasikan pentingnya mempertimbangkan faktor kepribadian yang memprediksi penyesuaian pasangan dan bukan hanya religiusitas atau latar belakang keagamaan dalam perkawinan di kalangan kelompok keagamaan.
Protean Career Attitudes and Boundaryless Career Attitudes Can Predict Subjective Career Success in Teachers: [Protean Career Attitudes dan Boundaryless Career Attitudes Dapat Memprediksi Subjective Career Success Dalam Profesi Guru] Tri Muji Ingarianti; Ririn Gustiana; Hanifatul Qoniah; Devina Andriany
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol. 38 No. 2 (2023): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 38, No. 2, 2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v38i2.5074

Abstract

Teachers are foundational, and have great influence in the world of education. In their careers as teachers, these people must no longer care only about their own interests, but must also focus on the progress of the children they teach. The presence of this new concept in their careers can, it is thought, become an indicator for teachers in identifying and evaluating their careers, so that they may achieve career success, using subjective criteria. This study was aimed at understanding the roles of protean career attitudes (PCA) and boundaryless career attitudes (BCA) regarding the subjective career success of teachers. The approach in the study was a quantitative one, with the number of participants being 320 teachers, living in Java and Kalimantan. The instruments utilized were the Protean Career Attitudes Scale (PCAS), the Boundaryless Career Attitudes Scale (BCAS), and the Subjective Career Success Inventory (SCSI). Multiple regressive linear testing overall, and per dimension, produced scores in which p < .01, and indicated the existence of the roles of protean career attitudes (PCA) and boundaryless career attitudes (BCA) regarding the subjective career success of teachers, as well as the existence of the roles of each dimension of the study variables. Guru merupakan fondasi yang sangat berpengaruh dalam dunia pendidikan. Dalam karier sebagai guru, seharusnya guru tidak lagi hanya mempedulikan kepentingan untuk dirinya sendiri, namun juga berfokus pada kemajuan anak didik. Keberadaaan konsep baru dalam karier diduga dapat menjadi indikator untuk guru dalam mengenali dan mengevaluasi kariernya, sehingga dapat mencapai kesuksesan karier menggunakan kriteria subjektif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dari protean career attitudes (PCA) dan boundaryless career attitudes (BCA) terhadap subjective career success pada guru. Pendekatan dalam studi ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 320 guru yang berdomisili di Jawa dan Kalimantan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Protean Career Attitudes Scale (PCAS), Boundaryless Career Attitudes Scale (BCAS), dan Subjective Career Success Inventory (SCSI). Uji regresi linier berganda secara menyeluruh dan per dimensi menghasilkan skor dengan p < 0,01, yang menunjukkan adanya peran protean career attitudes (PCA) dan boundaryless career attitudes (BCA) terhadap subjective career success pada guru, serta adanya peran tiap dimensi dari variabel studi.
Willingness to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccines in Indonesia: A Thematic Analysis: [Kesediaan Membayar Untuk Vaksinasi COVID-19 di Indonesia: Studi Analisis Tematik] Shella Adelina; Laras Sekarasih
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol. 38 No. 2 (2023): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 38, No. 2, 2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v38i2.5237

Abstract

During the pandemic, the Indonesian government has striven to implement steps to prevent and control the impacts of COVID-19, one of which is through a free program of vaccinations, from the first to the third dose (booster), in order to raise herd immunity. Although these were free, the take-up of the booster vaccination has been slow. This study was aimed at exploring individual preparedness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination, if the government was no longer to pay for these vaccines. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, employing thematic analysis techniques. The participants comprised 27 people, with their ages ranging from 18-83 years. The results of the study found there were two principle themes (or factors) influencing the preparedness to pay for vaccinations, those of: (1) drive; and (2) deterrent. The drive factor comprised the aspects which supported the public in being prepared to receive, and pay for, vaccinations; these being the obligations to adhere to the regulations of government and institutions, to receive social assistance (welfare), and to ensure personal protection. The deterrent factor comprised the aspects which made the public reluctant to pay for the vaccinations, amongst others being the framing of information about the side-effects of the vaccine, the non-halal (religiously acceptable) composition of the vaccine, and the feeling of satisfaction after having received two doses. Amongst all of these factors, the obligatory nature of vaccination was the aspect most influencing the preparedness to pay. This study provides a picture of why the public may be prepared to pay for the vaccine, the factors which may elevate and depress their preparedness to pay, and thoughts about the costs of the vaccine, which may be the benchmarks in planning policies related to health behavior. The plans of the government to make COVID-19 vaccination subject to payment require assessment of the cost of the vaccine, because this will influence the number of members of the public who are prepared to pay to receive vaccination. This may certainly influence the level of public immunity to COVID-19, in the long term. Selama pandemi, pemerintah Indonesia berupaya melakukan pencegahan dan penanganan dampak COVID-19, salah satunya melalui program vaksinasi gratis dari dosis pertama hingga dosis ketiga (booster) untuk meningkatkan herd immunity. Meskipun gratis, laju vaksinasi booster lambat meningkat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kesediaan individu untuk membayar vaksin COVID-19 jika pemerintah tidak lagi membiayai vaksinasi COVID-19. Studi dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis tematik. Partisipan terdiri dari 27 orang dengan rentang usia antara 18-83 tahun. Hasil studi ini menemukan dua tema utama yang memengaruhi kesediaan membayar vaksin: (1) faktor pendorong (drive); dan (2) faktor penghalang (deterrent). Faktor pendorong (drive) terdiri dari aspek yang mendorong masyarakat untuk bersedia mendapat dan membayar vaksin, yaitu kewajiban untuk mengikuti aturan pemerintah dan institusi, mendapatkan bantuan sosial, dan untuk perlindungan diri. Faktor penghalang (deterrent) merupakan aspek yang membuat masyarakat enggan membayar vaksin, antara lain framing informasi efek samping vaksin, komposisi vaksin yang tidak halal, dan merasa puas dengan dua dosis. Di antara seluruh faktor tersebut, kewajiban vaksinasi adalah aspek yang paling memengaruhi kesediaan membayar. Studi ini memberikan gambaran mengapa masyarakat bersedia membayar untuk vaksin, faktor yang dapat meningkatkan dan menurunkan kesediaan mereka untuk membayar vaksin, dan perkiraan harga vaksin COVID-19 yang dapat menjadi tolok ukur dalam merancang kebijakan terkait perilaku kesehatan. Rencana pemerintah untuk menjadikan vaksinasi COVID-19 sebagai vaksinasi berbayar membutuhkan asesmen mengenai harga vaksin karena akan memengaruhi seberapa banyak masyarakat yang bersedia untuk mengeluarkan biaya sendiri demi mendapatkan vaksinasi. Hal ini tentu dapat memengaruhi tingkat kekebalan masyarakat melawan COVID-19 dalam jangka panjang.
Quality Time: What Baby Boomers Need for Parenting Their Generation Z Children: [Waktu Berkualitas: Hal yang Dibutuhkan Baby Boomers Dalam Pengasuhan Anak Generasi Z] Chika Aulia; Sofia Retnowati; Annisa Reginasari
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol. 38 No. 2 (2023): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 38, No. 2, 2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v38i2.5240

Abstract

Changes in values, culture, and technology bring new demands on Generation Z parenting, especially by parents of the Baby Boomers generation. Although previous studies considered the generational gap between Baby Boomers parents and Generation Z as a myth, preliminary study raises an urgency to explore further the experiences of Baby Boomers parents in raising children from Generation Z. This study aims to explore the experiences of Baby Boomer parents in facing challenges and viewing opportunities in parenting Generation Z children. Utilizing a qualitative approach of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), this study involved three participants from the Baby Boomers generation who have children from Generation Z in Y city. The main data of this study were the transcripts of in-depth interviews, which lasted 90-120 minutes for each participant. The results of the analysis produced three themes, being: (1) the need to build parent-child closeness to bridge the generation gap; (2) parents' efforts to understand the world of children from Generation Z; and (3) parents' expectations for future of Generation Z adolescents. This study offered the implications for providing evidence from the latest study on parenting practices to uncover challenges and opportunities from the experience of Baby Boomers raising Generation Z. Perubahan nilai, budaya, dan teknologi membawa tuntutan baru dalam pola asuh Generasi Z, khususnya oleh orang tua dari generasi Baby Boomers. Meskipun studi sebelumnya menganggap kesenjangan generasi antara orang tua Baby Boomers dan generasi muda Generasi Z sebagai mitos, study pendahuluan memunculkan urgensi untuk menggali lebih jauh pengalaman orang tua Baby Boomers dalam mengasuh anak dari Generasi Z. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman orang tua Baby Boomers dalam menghadapi tantangan dan memandang peluang dalam mengasuh Generasi Z. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif teknik Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), studi ini melibatkan tiga partisipan dari generasi Baby Boomers yang memiliki anak dari Generasi Z di kota Y. Data utama studi ini adalah transkrip wawancara mendalam yang berlangsung selama 90-120 menit untuk tiap partisipan. Hasil analisis menghasilkan tiga tema, yaitu: (1) adanya kebutuhan membangun kedekatan orang tua-anak untuk menjembatani kesenjangan generasi; (2) upaya orang tua untuk memahami dunia anak dari Generasi Z; dan (3) harapan orang tua terhadap masa depan remaja Generasi Z. Studi ini menawarkan implikasi untuk menyediakan bukti dari studi terkini tentang praktik pengasuhan untuk mengungkap tantangan dan peluang pengalaman Baby Boomers mengasuh Generasi Z.
Academic Motivation of Highschoolers During Distance Learning: The Contribution of Perceived Social Support and Grit: [Motivasi Akademik Siswa SMA yang Menjalani Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh: Sumbangan Persepsi Dukungan Sosial dan Grit] Rose Mini Agoes Salim; Regia Lidwina Ginandra; Nur Aisyah Rumalutur
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol. 38 No. 2 (2023): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 38, No. 2, 2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v38i2.5286

Abstract

The changing in learning activities from face-to-face classes to distance learning has brought a decrease in student’s enthusiasm and involvement. This change might also cause a decrease in academic motivation among high school students. Academic motivation could be increased by internal factors, namely perceptions of social support and grit. This study aimed to examine the contribution of perceived social support and grit on academic motivation. This study’s measurements utilized: (1) the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) for academic motivation; (2) Social Provisions Scale (SPS) for perceived social support; and (3) Grit Short Scale (GRIT-S) for grit. Data was obtained using a series of questionnaire distributed online. This study involved total of 222 high school students undergoing distance learning. Based on a multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that perceived social support and grit had a significant contribution of 8.7% to academic motivation (F = 10.392; R² = .087; Adjusted R² = .078; p = .05). Therefore, related parties need to maintain and develop social support and grit for students so that academic motivation can remain good even when faced with distance learning conditions. Perubahan kegiatan belajar menjadi pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ) membawa berbagai perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan menurunnya semangat dan keterlibatan, karena menurunnya motivasi akademik pada siswa sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Motivasi akademik dapat ditingkatkan dengan faktor internal, yaitu persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial dan grit. Studi ini ingin melihat kontribusi dari persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial dan grit secara bersamaan pada motivasi akademik. Pengukuran variabel studi ini dilaksanakan menggunakan: (1) motivasi akademik dengan Academic Motivation Scale (AMS); (2) persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial dengan Social Provisions Scale (SPS); dan (3) grit dengan Grit Short Scale (GRIT-S). Data studi ini didapatkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring. Sebanyak 222 partisipan yang sedang menjalani pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ) dilibatkan dalam studi ini, dan berdasarkan analisis multiple linear regression, didapatkan hasil bahwa persepsi terhadap dukungan sosial dan grit secara bersamaan memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan senilai 8,7% terhadap motivasi akademik (F = 10,3; R² = 0,087; Adjusted R² = 0,078; p < 0,05). Maka dari itu, penting bagi pihak terkait untuk menjaga dan mengembangkan dukungan sosial dan juga grit pada siswa agar motivasi akademik dapat tetap baik walaupun dihadapkan pada kondisi pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ).
The Impact of Health Message on People's Attitude Toward Wearing a Mask: The Moderating Role of Self-Construal: [Dampak Pesan Kesehatan Terhadap Sikap Penggunaan Masker: Peran Moderasi Self-Construal] Denni Arli
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol. 38 No. 2 (2023): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 38, No. 2, 2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v38i2.5287

Abstract

With the rising case of COVID-19, governments worldwide have recommended that every citizen wear a face mask or a cover in public places where practicing social distancing would be difficult. However, many people refuse to wear masks. This study will investigate why some people refuse to wear masks in public despite clear health benefits. Using two experimental studies, 100 participants living in the United States of America were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) for Study 1, while 96 participants living in the United States of America were also recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) for Study 2. The results show that perceived severity is vital in encouraging people to wear masks. People see what they want to see. Perceived severity has a direct effect and mediated effect. This is consistent with the health belief model, suggesting that a high perceived disease severity causes proactive health-protection behaviors. Furthermore, the results show self-construal moderates the relationship between perceived severity and people's attitude toward wearing a mask. This study will make several theoretical contributions to social marketing, working on health message campaigns. The government and health officials need to work together to create a consistent message on the virus's severity. In addition, government, social marketers, and public officials need to create a distinct message to target two different segments (interdependent vs. independent individuals). This is one of the first few studies exploring the impact of self-construal on health message campaigns related to a disease such as COVID-19. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah kasus COVID-19, pemerintah di seluruh dunia merekomendasikan bahwa tiap warga negara menggunakan masker atau penutup wajah di tempat publik ketika praktik social distancing sulit dilaksanakan. Walaupun demikian, banyak orang menolak menggunakan masker. Studi ini menyelidiki mengapa sejumlah orang menolak menggunakan masker di tempat publik, walaupun ada banyak keuntungan secara medis. Dalam studi ini, ada dua studi eksperimen yang dilaksanakan, yaitu Studi 1 dengan 100 partisipan yang tinggal di Amerika Serikat dan Studi 2 dengan 96 partisipan yang tinggal di Amerika Serikat. Partisipan kedua studi tersebut direkrut menggunakan Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keparahan penting dalam mendorong orang untuk menggunakan masker. Manusia melihat apa yang ingin dilihat. Persepsi atas tingkat keparahan memiliki efek langsung dan efek mediasi. Hal tersebut konsisten dengan health belief model, ketika persepsi atas tingkat keparahan yang tinggi menyebabkan perilaku perlindungan kesehatan yang proaktif. Lebih lanjut, hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa self-construal memoderasi hubungan antara persepsi atas tingkat keparahan dan sikap terhadap menggunakan masker. Studi ini berkontribusi secara teoretis terhadap social marketing, terutama kampanye pesan kesehatan. Pejabat pemerintah dan kesehatan perlu bekerja sama dalam menciptakan pesan yang konsisten sehubungan dengan keparahan virus. Selain itu, pemerintah, social marketers, dan pejabat publik perlu menciptakan pesan khusus untuk dua kategori target berbeda (individu interdependen vs. independen). Studi ini merupakan salah satu studi pertama yang membahas dampak self-construal pada kampanye pesan kesehatan, terkait dengan penyakit seperti COVID-19.
“Media Use and the Analytical Brain”: Screen-Based Media Use and Behavioral Preference in Indonesian Children: [“Penggunaan Media dan Otak Analitik”: Penggunaan Media Berbasis Layar dan Preferensi Perilaku Anak Indonesia] Ni Putu Adelia Kesumaningsari; Johannes E. A. Stauder; Franc C. L. Donkers
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol. 38 No. 2 (2023): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 38, No. 2, 2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v38i2.5671

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between screen-based media use and autistic features. The present study involved 207 parents of Indonesian children 4-6 years old and 10-12 years old. Parents completed several questionnaires addressing children screen-based activities and level of autistic traits. The questionnaires are: (1) a screen-based media survey; (2) Empathizing-Systemizing Quotients (EQ-SQ Child); and (3) The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Child). An online survey was utilized to collect all study data. The results showed that children spent more than four hours on average per day with media use. The regression analysis indicated that total time spent by children on media use shows a positive correlation with systemizing. The total time spent by children on media use also positively correlated with the extreme male brain condition. The total time spent on screen-based media use did not significantly contribute to explaining the variance of empathizing. However, empathizing is negatively correlated with time devoted in watching activities (television, videos, and movies) and playing video games. The more children spend time playing in video games, the more the autism quotient (AQ) score increases. Finally, the current study provides empirical evidence for a relation of screen-based media use and autistic features in children. The findings suggest that the duration of screen-time are significant predictors of systemizing and extreme male behavior, albeit the significance for empathizing depends on the type of media. The results highlight the clinical importance of examining screen-based media use among children. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara penggunaan media berbasis layar dengan karakteristik autisme. Studi ini melibatkan 207 orang tua di Indonesia yang memiliki anak berusia 4-6 tahun dan 10-12 tahun. Orang tua menyelesaikan beberapa survei secara daring. Kuesioner tersebut terdiri dari: (1) survei mengenai durasi penggunaan media berbasis layar pada anak; (2) skala Empathizing-Systemizing Quotient (EQ-SQ Child); dan (3) skala Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Child). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa anak menghabiskan waktu secara rerata lebih dari empat jam per hari dengan penggunaan media. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa durasi total penggunaan media berkorelasi positif dengan tingkat sistemisasi anak dan extreme male brain behavior, namun tidak berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam menjelaskan tingkat empati anak. Tingkat empati secara spesifik berkorelasi negatif dengan waktu yang digunakan untuk aktivitas menonton (televisi, video, dan film) dan bermain video game. Semakin lama durasi anak bermain video game, maka skor autism quotient (AQ) juga meningkat. Dengan demikian, studi ini memberikan bukti empiris mengenai hubungan penggunaan media berbasis layar dengan karakteristik autisme pada anak. Durasi penggunaan media berbasis layar adalah prediktor yang siginifikan untuk tingkat sistemasi dan extreme male brain behavior, sedangkan tingkat berempati anak lebih dipengaruhi oleh jenis media. Hasil studi ini menyoroti pentingnya memperhatikan dampak dari penggunaan media berbasis layar pada anak.

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