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INDONESIA
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 26548283     EISSN : 26550164     DOI : 10.22416/jcoemph
Core Subject : Health, Education,
Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health (ISSN 2655-0164 (online); ISSN 2654-8283 (print)) is a national, open access, multidisciplinary, and peer-reviewed journal. We aim to publish research articles and reviews on educative, promotive, preventive and community empowerment activities in the health sector, especially rural area.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19" : 10 Documents clear
Ocular involvment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A systematic review of conjunctival swab results Indra Tri Mahayana; Natalia Christina Angsana; Muhammad Zhafran Ayyasy; Anastasya Sondang Hutajulu; Suhardjo Suhardjo
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.55543

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease which is caused by the latest discovered coronavirus. Conjunctivitis is allegedly the first presentation of COVID-19 since it can spread by aerosol contact with the conjunctiva. The present study aimed to systematically review the employment of conjunctival swab with Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction in detecting SARS-Cov-2. The research is a systematic review of the published scientific literature on findings of conjunctival swab of COVID-19 from PUBMED database and other additional sources (i.e: Google Scholar). The search method was done using “COVID-19 OR coronavirus OR SARS-COV2, AND conjunctivitis, AND ocular manifestations, AND conjunctival swab” as keywords. Inclusion criteria were any papers that related to the entered keywords and have conjunctival swab as a reported outcome. Letters, reviews, and editorials describing other studies reporting COVID-19 and conjunctival swab were excluded. Only four research papers were found and included in the literature review. From the four current research papers, positive SARS-CoV-2 results were yielded from 0-5.26% of conjunctival swab specimens. In conclusion, although the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the ocular surface remains unclear, the prevention of infection transmission through an ocular surface is mandatory by wearing goggles (or shield), mask (N-95 recommended) and gown.
Prevention of weight gain during self-isolation in COVID-19 pandemic era: a narrative review Harry Freitag Luglio Muhammad
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.55976

Abstract

COVID-19 is a disease that has affected millions of people worldwide and made a significant impact on health, social life, and economy. One of the strategies to prevent the spread of this virus is through self-isolation. Although this strategy is efficient to prevent a drastic spread of the disease, there are some consequences related to this measure, including social, psychological, and economic impacts. In this review, the author proposes the possibility that this measure could increase the global prevalence of obesity. This might be due to a reduction in total physical activity because of limitations in outdoor activities, increased binge eating because of psychological stress or boredom, and tendency to eat ultra-processed foods and beverages because of limitations in shopping ability. Obesity itself is reported to be one of the risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 infection. Reports from United Kingdom and the United States of America revealed that those with higher body mass index had a higher risk to be treated at an intensive care unit. Therefore, prevention of a significant weight gain might be important to reduce the risk of fatality due to COVID-19. While the global prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, it might be important to address this issue at this point in time. Lastly, this review also provides some suggestions to ameliorate the weight gaining effect of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Relationship between understanding of COVID-19's infographics and the efforts to prevent COVID-19 transmission Rahmat Bakhtiar; Hilda Hilda; Krispinus Duma; Riries Choiru Pramulia Yudia
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.56749

Abstract

The prevention of disease transmission is an effective cost-strategy in controlling COVID-19. The scenario of the control of COVID-19 in Samarinda City consists of 3 phases, namely initial, advanced, and recovery. The outcome of the advanced phase is flattening the transmission curve of the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increased proportion of patients in recovery, and an increased culture of preventing disease transmission in society. This study aimed at knowing the influence of the understanding of COVID-19 infographics on the efforts to prevent COVID-19 transmission at the advanced phase. A survey was conducted via social media from April 21st to April 30th, 2020. The preventive actions for the disease transmission as the dependent variable in this study were social distancing, wearing a mask, washing hands, and efforts to enhance the body’s immunity, while the independent variable was the understanding of COVID-19 infographics updated daily. The results of the study showed that the proportion of the population who understood the infographics well was 79.5%, the community participation in practicing social distancing (81.6%), wearing a mask  (50.9%), washing hands as frequently as possible (74.3%), and the efforts to strengthen the body’s immune system (73.6%) with a consistency level of 55.12%. The lowest rate for the activity of social distancing was visiting elders or the people suffering from comorbidities with 54.71%. A good understanding of infographics could increase adherence to the recommendations of social distancing. The implementation of social distancing, wearing a mask, washing hands as frequently as possible, and the efforts to improve the body’s immune system need to be done consistently to prevent the COVID-19 transmission and as a result, the potential transmission could be minimized to optimize the recovery phase and anticipate the possible second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Perceptions of a COVID-19 education public service announcement in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan: a qualitative study Tiara Putri Leksono; Avinindita Nura Lestari; Reyfal Khaidar; Yuga Putri Pramesti; Syarmila Sari; Lutfan Lazuardi
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.56980

Abstract

Indigenous populations experience a risk of socio-economic marginalization in health emergency, including COVID-19. Public service announcements (PSA) are promotional materials that address problems in an attempt to increase public awareness. North Kalimantan is one of the frontier, outermost, and least developed regions in Indonesia with 11 regional languages spoken. One of the districts with inadequate human resources in the area is Nunukan regency. The present study sought to understand how one group of people in Nunukan Regency reactions, interests, and impressions with the COVID-19 information found in Bugis and Toraja version of audio PSAs released by Health Empowerment and Education Project (HEUProject). The study belongs to qualitative research and used purposive sampling with seven participants from two sub-district in Nunukan Regency. The data is analyzed qualitative-thematically which is further interpreted and presented  in the form of a description. Additionally, to see the variety of participants’ answers information transmission through PSAs, we analyzed the data using Tableau software 2020 version and presented the relative frequency of words with visual infographic. The study findings of the participants' immediate reactions were following the advice on the PSAs audio, for instance to keep the physical distance and washing their hands frequently. The most participants in this study have the willingness to hear, to understand, and also feel interested with the useful content in audio format that apparently improves their awareness of COVID-19 information. Overall, it is immediately apparent that the language, transmission of message, and information found in the HEUProject’s COVID-19 educational PSA were understood and engaged by participants in a way that it reflects on the pandemic situation. Our study supports the national usage of disease prevention with this type of media approach that could be used in public places in the future that may minimize the language divide.
User acquisition and profile of COVID-19’s health education website: a descriptive study Avinindita Nura Lestari; Tiara Putri Leksono; Reyfal Khaidar; Ekky Novriza Alam; Lutfan Lazuardi
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57050

Abstract

In early of 2020, China had identified a new etiology of pneumonia which was later called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the condition declared as pandemic. In this emergency state of affair, people will seek information from websites disseminating health information online, including Indonesia. Since there is currently no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment, the application of preventive measures has been essential. The hygiene and health measures can be easily spread widely as there’s been fast & numerous information spreading in the media, but that is not usually the case with underprivileged people with little access to technology. False news and lack of credible sources are also a threat. A health startup in Bandung, Indonesia, made initiatives to educate people about COVID-19 prevention through downloadable script and audio in the form of Public Service Announcement provided with 19 local languages through their website.  This study aims to know the characteristics of profile users accessing the website through descriptive observational approach. The data came from the website automatically analysed by Google Analytics. We look into the audience data, comprising demographics and geographical distribution. Additionally, we observe the acquisition data that helps us in seeing website traffic. The significant difference found in this study is seen in the age group, meanwhile the gender group did not have a significant difference, which has 8% of disparity. By geographical distribution, 60% of top users are located in cities located in Java Island. Direct traffic, interestingly, made up almost 86 percent of all traffic. Twitter ranked the top for the social media traffic in our case. In conclusion, it is necessary to promote credible information in COVID-19 preventive measures and help maintain the accessibility of information.
Coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19 and impacts on medical education: a systematic review Kelly Kelly; Lie Rebecca Yen Hwei; Gilbert Sterling Octavius
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57082

Abstract

Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been affected by the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. The virus’ infectious nature pushed all sectors to implement social distancing measures in an effort to limit its transmission, including the education sector. We searched PubMed and Science Direct on June 12th and found 24 papers that are relevant to our review. After the World Health Organization announced that COVID-19 is a global threat, various countries took a variety of measures to limit the disease spread such as social distancing, self-quarantine, and closing public facilities that hold large gatherings, including universities and schools. Hospitals started to prioritize services for COVID-19 cases. Medical education programs are also affected by this disease, but not continuing in-person classes outweighs any benefit from traditional teaching methods. The previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) pandemics have shown ways to shift medical education to online platforms. In the current pandemic, online meetings are being used to hold lectures, classes, laboratory practices, and clinical skills classes. For clerkship students, online platforms might not be feasible because this eliminates patient-doctor relationships, but it appears for now to be the only option. Some institutions have involved medical students in the frontlines altogether. We encourage all parties to constantly evaluate, review, and improve the efforts of continuing medical education, especially during this pandemic. Further research is needed to evaluate students’ performance after adopting e-learning and to discover the best methods in medical education in general and clerkship education in particular.
COVID-19 eye infection: recommendations for ophthalmologist and patients Datu Respatika; Indra Tri Mahayana; Dwi Puspita; Guiddo Ilyasa; Agus Supartoto
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57095

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern as declared by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. Currently, COVID-19 is spreading rapidly worldwide, with no proven treatment nor vaccination, thus infection control measures are paramount. The severity of the majority of COVID-19 cases is mild to moderate, with fever as its most common symptoms, followed by dry cough and fatigue. COVID-19 initially reported to be transmitted from bats but then evolved into human-to-human via droplets. Coronavirus has been detected in tears and conjunctival secretions, but there is still a controversy about whether the virus can be transmitted through tears. However, the ocular transmission might be transported through a lacrimal duct to nasopharyngeal mucosa and then cause an infection. Because the nature of close contact in doctor-patient interaction during ophthalmologic practice, strict measures must be taken to minimize the impact both on the patients and health care workers.
Current prevalence, characteristics, and comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia Dionita Rani Karyono; Anggi Lukman Wicaksana
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57325

Abstract

Indonesia is currently fighting against a novel coronavirus disease, known as COVID-19. Current information of COVID-19 is crucial for healthcare providers. This study aimed to explore the current prevalence, characteristics, and comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia. We obtained data of the confirmed cases of COVID-19, characteristics and comorbidities from the official website of Indonesia COVID-19 Task Force. The data were extracted, explored and discussed to respond to the research aims. Up to June 3rd, 2020, it was reported there were 28,233 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The current prevalence of COVID-19 case was 0.11‰ and transmission was distributed to all provinces in Indonesia. Almost one-third of the COVID-19 infections were in the age group of 31-45 years (29.3%) but the highest mortality rate occurred in elderly people (17.68%). Overall, males slightly dominated and contributed only 6.84% to the mortality rate. Cough (76.2%), history of fever (50.4%), and current fever (47.1%) were the most common symptoms among the patients with COVID-19. For comorbidities, patients with COVID-19 had higher numbers of hypertension (52.1%), diabetes (33.6%), and other cardiovascular diseases (20.9%). Those three comorbidities led the greater proportion of deaths among other comorbidities. The COVID-19 pandemic is still a new challenge for Indonesia.
The development of GAMA Swab sampling chamber for walk-through sampling in patients with COVID-19 at Gadjah Mada Hospital Hera Nirwati; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Siswanto Siswanto; Mahatma Sotya Bawono; Titien Budhiaty; Setyawan Bekti Wibowo; Raden Sumiharto
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57547

Abstract

Collecting swab samples from the nasopharynx and oropharynx of patients with COVID-19 is essential in detecting SARS-CoV-2. This procedure potentially produces sufficient droplets. Since SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through droplets, swab sampling has to be done carefully to prevent the risk of transmission to healthcare workers or the cross-contamination to the environment. The GAMA Swab Sampling Chamber (GSSC) is a positive-pressure chamber designed for collecting swab samples involving the healthcare worker positioned inside, while the patient is outside the chamber. The chamber is designed to minimize the risk of aerosol exposure to the healthcare worker due to leakage or when opening or closing the door. Accordingly, the healthcare worker does not need to use complete personal protective equipment (PPE) as they do when collecting swab samples without the chamber. After several tests to check the safety and the chamber’s function, the GSSC was used at Gadjah Mada Hospital. This chamber had been used to swab 51 asymptomatic patients, 72 suspected patients, and 284 voluntary persons for ten weeks. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination of all samples from asymptomatic patients were negative, while 2 of 72 suspected patients (2.8%) and 4 of 284 voluntary persons (1.4%) had positive RT-PCR results. The use of GSSC can simplify the swab sampling, also reduces the need for PPE usage and a negative pressure isolation room which are limited in the current pandemic situation.
Impact of COVID-19 on primary care visits: lesson learnt from the early pandemic period Sholahuddin Rhatomy; Thomas Edison Prasetyo
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 3, No 2 (2020): Special Issue of COVID-19
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.57918

Abstract

In Indonesia, primary healthcare facilities play important roles in disease control and prevention. Changes in healthcare seeking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially to primary care, might have impacts to the overall public health status. This comparative epidemiology study aimed to investigate the changes of healthcare seeking behavior in primary care settings during the early pandemic period. Weekly number of visits to a primary healthcare facility in Klaten, Indonesia was examined from the 1st week of 2018 –through the 25th week of 2020. The selected period affected early by COVID-19 in 2020 was defined (early pandemic period) and compared to the same corresponding period in 2019 (comparison period). The total number of patient visits, number of visits by age, gender, clinical decisions, patient status and diagnostic categories were obtained, compared and analyzed. Mean differences and prevalence ratio of a specific diagnostic category between the two periods were calculated. The lowest period was from weeks 14 – 21, 2020, which we identified as the early pandemic period. Comparing the early pandemic period to the comparison period, we found that there was 46.3% decrease of total number of visits. The decline was especially apparent for children aged 0-9 (71%), females (46%), registered patients (49%) and outpatients (48%). Most of diagnostic categories also saw declines. Unfortunately, patients with hypertension also saw notable decline in mean differences and prevalence ratio albeit not desirable. In conclusion, some declines in the number of visits were not desirable including decreasing hypertension visit. This trend might negatively impact public health status afterward. Proper countermeasures are needed to control the ongoing trend. Further studies regarding the impact of COVID-19 on treatment seeking behavior is needed to plan effective countermeasures.

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