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Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26223430     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.42852
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering (EJChE) publishes communication articles, original research articles and review articles in :. Material Development Biochemical Process Exploration and Optimization Chemical Education Chemical Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Membrane Technology Food Technology Bioprocess Technology Chemurgy Technology Waste Treatment Technology Separation and Purification Technology Natural Dyes Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 99 Documents
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Potensi Pasar Rakyat di Surabaya Barat sebagai Contoh Pasar Bebas Kantong Plastik Krisna Andrian Bimantara; Nita Citrasari
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2021): : Volume 5 No 2 December 2021
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v5i2.58472

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Surabaya Barat memiliki pasar rakyat yaitu Pasar Lakarsantri, Asemrowo, Balongsari, Manukan Kulon, Banjarsugihan, Simo, dan Simo Mulyo yang berpotensi menyumbangkan timbulan sampah plastik berupa kantong plastik. Disisi lain, timbulan sampah plastik di pasar Kota Surabaya telah mencapai 20 ton/hari. Himbauan terkait pembatasan penggunaan kantong plastik sebenarnya telah diatur dalam Peraturan Daerah Kota Surabaya Nomor 1 tahun 2019 namun belum diketahui oleh setiap pengelola, pembeli, dan pedagang di pasar rakyat Kota Surabaya sehingga perlu Program Pasar Rakyat Bebas Kantong Plastik. Namun, aspek bangunan dan keramaian pasar juga perlu dipertimbangkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek bangunan dan keramaian pasar rakyat di area Surabaya Barat dalam mendukung Program Pasar Rakyat Bebas Kantong Plastik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode obeservasi lapangan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pasar rakyat di area Surabaya Barat dengan dominasi bangunan permanen serta tingkat keramaian pasar cukup ramai sampai ramai ditetapkan sebagai pasar rakyat yang berpotensi mendukung Program Pasar Rakyat Bebas Kantong Plastik karena mampu melindungi barang dagangan pedagang dan belanjaan pembeli ketika waktu hujan tiba, menciptakan kenyamanan terhadap pembeli pasar untuk berbelanja, serta memudahkan pengawasan dan penertiban. Pasar rakyat tersebut meliputi Pasar Balongsari, Banjarsugihan, dan Simo Mulyo.  ABSTRACT. West Surabaya has folk markets, namely Lakarsantri, Asemrowo, Balongsari, Manukan Kulon, Banjarsugihan, Simo, and Simo Mulyo which have potential to contribute generation of plastic waste in the form of plastic bags. Plastic waste in the Surabaya market has reached 20 tons/day. The call for restrictions on the use of plastic bags has actually been regulated in Peraturan Daerah Kota Surabaya Nomor 1 Tahun 2019 but has not been known by managers, buyers, and traders so that a Plastic Bag Free Traditional Market is needed. However, the market buildings and crowds also need to be considered. This study aims to determine the building and the crowds of the folk markets in the West Surabaya area in supporting the program. The Method used is field observation and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results indicate the dominance of permanent buildings and the level of market crowds from being quite busy to crowded is designated as a folk market that has the potential to support the program because it can protect the merchandise of traders and buyers’ purchases when it rains, create convenience for market buyers to shop, as well as facilitate supervision and control. Folk markets include Balongsari, Banjarsugihan, and Simo Mulyo.
Analisis Morfologi Prekursor NMC811 dari Mix Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP) dengan Presipitan Asam Oksalat Adhitya Dharmawan; Miftakhul Hakam; Meidiana Arinawati; Cornelius Satria Yudha; Agus Purwanto
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2021): : Volume 5 No 2 December 2021
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v5i2.58474

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Morfologi material merupakan salah satu aspek yang berpengaruh pada kualitas material katoda baterai Li-ion atau LIBs, salah satunya material katoda LiNi0,8Mn0,1Co0,1O2 atau NMC811. Semakin baik distribusi ukuran dan butiran partikel, maka semakin baik pula kualitas dari produk akhir NMC811. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk sintesis dan analisis prekursor NMC811 (Ni0,8Mn0,1Co0,1C2O4) dengan mixed hydroxide precipitate atau MHP sebagai sumber Ni. Pada penelitian ini, prekursor NMC811 oksalat diperoleh dengan melarutkan MHP, CoSO4 dan MnSO4 pada larutan asam asetat. Larutan yang terbentuk dipresipitasi dengan asam oksalat sehingga membentuk endapan prekursor NMC811 oksalat. Instrumen pengujian SEM-EDX digunakan dalam mengevaluasi karakteristik morfologi sampel. Studi komparasi morfologi prekursor NMC811 dengan MHP juga dilakukan. prekursor Berdasarkan analisis komposisional menggunakan EDX, komposisi atom C, O, Mn, Co dan Ni secara berturut-turut 15,21±0.55%; 57,64±1.37%; 4,47±0.59%; 4,20±0.74%; dan18,48±1.71%. Sementara itu, analisis menggunakan SEM menunjukkan bahwa prekursor NMC811 memiliki bentuk dan ukuran partikel yang cenderung seragam dan lebih kompak dibandingkan MHP yang memiliki bentuk dan ukuran yang lebih bervariasi. Sintesis awal NMC811 dengan presipitan asam oksalat dapat meningkatkan keseragaman morfologi yang baik, sehingga nantinya dapat dihasilkan produk akhir NMC811 yang baik pula.  ABSTRACT. Material morphology is one aspect that affects the quality of the cathode material for Li-ion batteries or LIBs, one of which is LiNi0,8Mn0,1Co0,1O2 or NMC811 cathode materials. The better the particle size and grain distribution, the better the quality of the final NMC811 product. This study aimed to synthesize and analyze the precursor of NMC811 (Ni0,8Mn0,1Co0,1C2O4) with mixed hydroxide precipitate or MHP as the source of Ni. In this study, NMC811 oxalate precursor was obtained by dissolving MHP, CoSO4 and MnSO4 in acetic acid or lactic acid solution. The solution formed was precipitated with oxalic acid to form a precursor precipitate of NMC811 oxalate. The SEM-EDX test instrument was used to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the samples. A comparative study of the morphology of the NMC811 precursor with MHP was also carried out. precursors Based on the compositional analysis using EDX, the atomic compositions of C, O, Mn, Co and Ni were 15.21±0.55%, respectively; 57.64±1.37%; 4.47±0.59%; 4.20±0.74%; and 18.48±1.71%. Meanwhile, analysis using SEM showed that the NMC811 precursor had a particle shape and size that tended to be uniform and more compact than MHP which had a more varied shape and size. The initial synthesis of NMC811 with oxalic acid precipitant can improve the good morphological uniformity, so that later, a good final product of NMC811 can be produced.
Synthesis of Syngas into Dimethyl Ether Using Cu-Zn-Al/-Alumina Bifunctional Catalyst as an Environmentally Friendly Fuel for Substituting Liquified Petroleum Gas Suratno Lourentius
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2021): : Volume 5 No 2 December 2021
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v5i2.58479

Abstract

Abstract. In order to meet the need for Liquified Petroleum Gas in Indonesia, which is currently around seventy percent of which is still imported, it is necessary to find a replacement. One of the efforts to replace the Liquified Petroleum Gas is by utilizing dimethyl ether which can be produced from coal as raw material. Coal can be catalytically converted to syngas and then syngas can be catalytically converted to dimethyl ether via a direct two-step or one-step route. This paper will discuss the one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas using Cu-Zn-Al/g-Alumina as a bifunctional catalyst. The syngas used consists of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a mole ratio of 1:2. The conversion reaction was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at the pressure of 40 bar, the temperature of 240-300 0C, and the space velocity of 29.3-32.7 mL/g catalyst/minute. The highest conversion of CO that can be achieved is 90.08 % at a temperature of 300 oC and the space velocity of 29.3 mL/g catalyst/minute. The synthesis product was analyzed using GC. The dimethyl ether is an environmentally friendly fuel and non-toxic compound that does not destroy ozone, does not contain sulfur, and has a calorific value of about 30.5 MJ/kg which is lower than 50.56 MJ/kg
Proses Purifikasi untuk Penyisihan Kandungan Hidrogen Sulfida dan Karbon Dioksida di Dalam Biogas Menggunakan Mono Etanol Amin (MEA) Adrianto Ahmad; David Andrio; Trio Yudha Putra; Ulva Seprizal
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2021): : Volume 5 No 2 December 2021
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v5i2.58477

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Biogas merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan, yang mampu dihasilkan dari limbah organik seperti limbah cair sawit (POME), melalui proses fermentasi anaerobik. Untuk menghindari terjadinya korosi pada peralatan, biogas hasil fermentasi diperlukan proses purifikasi untuk menyisihkan kandungan hidrogen sulfida (H2S). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan pengaruh penggunaan monoethanolamine (MEA) pada purifikasi biogas, menentukan kondisi terbaik dari variabel penelitian (konsentrasi MEA 30%, 25%, 20%, 15% 10%, 5% v/v) yang memiliki kandungan H2S terendah, dan menentukan efisiensi proses purifikasi biogas. Purifikasi biogas dilakukan menggunakan bubble column absorber secara semi-batch, dimana biogas mentah dialirkan ke kolom yang berisi absorber MEA sebanyak 0,678 L. Biogas keluaran kolom dianalisa kandungannya menggunakan alat pengukur kandungan biogas (Biogas 5000 ©). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan MEA sebagai absorben mampu menurunkan kandungan gas H2S dan menaikkan kandungan gas CH4 di dalam biogas hasil purifikasi, serta semakin tinggi variasi konsentrasi MEA yang digunakan, maka semakin rendah kandungan H2S biogas dan semakin lama waktu absorbsi yang diperlukan untuk absorben mencapai titik jenuh. Kondisi terbaik absorbsi tercapai pada penggunaan variasi konsentrasi MEA 30% v/v, dengan kandungan H2S pada biogas hasil purifikasi 0 ppm, dan efisiensi penyisihan H2S sebesar 100%. ABSTRACT. Biogas is a renewable energy source, which can be produced from organic waste such as palm oil mill effluent (POME), through an anaerobic fermentation process.  Biogas requires a purification process to remove the content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The purpose of this study is to review the effect of the biogas purification process of chemical absorption of H2S and CO2 gases in raw biogas by monoethanolamine (MEA) absorbent. Biogas purification was carried out using a bubble column absorber in a semi-batch, where raw biogas was flowed into a column containing a MEA absorber of 0.678 L. The biogas content from the column was analyzed using a biogas content measuring device (Biogas 5000 ©). The result showed that removing the use of MEA as an absorbent can reduce the content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and improve the content of methane in biogas. Increasingly high variation concentration MEA, then the lower content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and more time long to reach the point saturated absorbability.
Sintesis dan Analisis Struktur Prekursor NMC811 dari Mix Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP) dengan Presipitan Asam Oksalat Miftakhul Hakam; Adhitya Dharmawan; Meidiana Arinawati; Agus Purwanto; Cornelius Satria Yudha
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2021): : Volume 5 No 2 December 2021
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v5i2.58478

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Studi mengenai struktur kristal suatu material sangat penting dalam mengetahui baik tidaknya material, terutama untuk aplikasi teknologi penyimpanan energi listrik seperti baterai ion litium. Semakin murni dan baik suatu struktur kristal material, maka semakin baik efisiensinya dalam menjadi bahan baku material katoda baterai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sintesis dan analisis karakteristik struktur kristal prekursor NMC811 oksalat (Ni0,8Mn0,1Co0,1C2O4) dari senyawa Mixed hydroxide precipitate atau MHP dengan presipitan asam oksalat. Sintesis prekursor NMC811 dilakukan dengan mereaksikan MHP (Ni 51,43% wt) dengan asam asetat agar diperoleh larutan nikel asetat. Sejumlah garam kobalt dan mangan ditambahkan kedalam larutan sehingga komposisi nikel:kobalt:mangan senilai 8:1:1. Endapan prekursor diperoleh dengan penambahan presipitan larutan asam oksalat. Endapan prekursor yang berhasil diisolasi dianalisis dengan X-ray diffractometer (XRD) untuk evaluasi struktur kristalnya. Berdasarkan analisis XRD MHP memiliki puncak difraksi yang kurang tajam dengan lebar pita yang relative besar sehingga menandakan bahwa MHP memiliki sifat kristal yang buruk. Sementara itu, Prekursor NMC811 oksalat memiliki puncak difraksi yang tajam. Hal ini membuktikan prekursor memiliki sifat kristal yang baik dengan kemurnian yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, Prekursor NMC811 oksalat dengan bahan baku MHP dapat digunakan untuk bahan baku material katoda baterai ion litium tipe NMC811. ABSTRACT. The study of the crystal structure of a material is very important in knowing whether or not the material is good, especially for the application of electrical energy storage technology such as lithium ion batteries. The purer and better the crystal structure of a material, the better its efficiency in becoming a battery cathode raw material. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and analyze the characteristics of the crystal structure of the precursor NMC811 oxalate (Ni0,8Mn0,1Co0,1C2O4) from Mixed hydroxide precipitate or MHP with oxalic acid as a precipitate. NMC811 precursor was synthesized by reacting MHP (Ni 51.43% wt) with acetic acid to obtain a nickel acetate solution. A number of cobalt and manganese salts are added to the solution so that the nickel:cobalt:manganese composition is 8:1:1. The precursor precipitate was obtained by adding oxalic acid solution as a precipitate. The isolated precursor precipitate was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) to evaluate its crystal structure. Based on XRD analysis, MHP has a diffraction peak that is less sharp with a relatively large bandwidth, indicating that MHP has poor crystalline properties. Meanwhile, NMC811 oxalate precursor has a sharp diffraction peak. This proves the precursor has good crystalline properties with high purity. Therefore, the NMC811 oxalate precursor with MHP raw material can be used as the cathode material for the lithium ion battery type NMC811.
The Effects of Different Nickel–Ruthenium on SiO2 Catalyst Synthesis Methods toward Catalytic Activity of Methane Dry Reforming Anatta Wahyu Budiman; Nisriina 'Abidah Qurrotul'aini; Nurul Latifah; Puan Hemas Dewani; Shafira Rachmadhani; Sofiana Mukti Wigati
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2021): : Volume 5 No 2 December 2021
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v5i2.55175

Abstract

The presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has triggered global warming and climate change. An effective approach to overcome these issues is to convert greenhouse gases into syngas. In this study, Ni-Ru/SiO2 catalyst was used to catalyze the dry reforming process of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into syngas. The catalyst was prepared using different synthesis protocols: sol gel-coprecipitation and impregnation methods. Characterization using Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis showed that the catalyst prepared using both methods exhibited comparable pore diameters and high surface areas. The X-ray diffractometer analysis also indicated the presence of different NiO, RuO2, and SiO2 phases. Furthermore, the activity of the catalyst was investigated using a fixed bed reactor. Based on the results, the optimum catalytic activity was obtained from the catalyst prepared via the sol gel-coprecipitation method, with an average CH4 and CO2 conversions of 37% and 50%, respectively. In addition, our catalyst also showed a 114% higher CH4 conversion with an enhanced H2/CO ratio compared to identical catalysts from other studies.
Pemurnian Minyak Biji Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Minyak Goreng Firda Dwita Putri; Aditya Surya Pratama; Fasha El Sauzsa; Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2021): : Volume 5 No 2 December 2021
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v5i2.54249

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Minyak biji kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) merupakan salah satu sumber daya yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pengganti minyak sawit dalam produksi minyak goreng karena kadar air dan bilangan peroksidanya yang lebih rendah. Namun, kandungan asam lemak bebas (FFA) dan asam sianida (HCN) yang tinggi dalam minyak biji kesambi memerlukan pemurnian lebih lanjut sebelum komersialisasi. Pada penelitian ini, proses pemurnian minyak biji kesambi dilakukan dengan teknik degumming, adsorpsi, dan netralisasi. Proses degumming dilakukan dengan menggunakan asam fosfat selama 20 menit. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses adsorpsi menggunakan zeolit 25% (b/b) selama 14 jam. Proses netralisasi selanjutnya dilakukan dengan natrium hidroksida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 32,87 g gum dihilangkan selama proses degumming. Uji asam pikrat membuktikan bahwa adsorpsi menggunakan zeolit mengurangi kandungan HCN, yang menunjukkan bahwa minyak yang diolah aman untuk dikonsumsi. Hasil pengujian FFA menunjukkan bahwa kadar FFA akhir untuk setiap proses berturut-turut adalah 7,25, 6,46, 6,21, 0,17%. Kajian ini mengungkap potensi minyak biji kesambi sebagai minyak goreng masa depan dengan meningkatkan kualitasnya sehingga dapat memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia. ABSTRACT. Kesambi seed oil (Schleichera oleosa) is one of the resources that can be utilized as an alternative to substitute palm oil in cooking oil production due to its lower moisture content and peroxide value. However, the high level of free fatty acid (FFA) and cyanide acid (HCN) contents in kesambi seed oil require further purification prior to commercialization.  In this study, the purification process of kesambi seed oil was carried out with degumming, adsorption, and neutralization techniques. The degumming process was conducted using phosphoric acid for 20 minutes. Afterward, the adsorption process was carried out using 25% (w/w) zeolite for 14 h. The neutralization process was subsequently performed with sodium hydroxide. The results showed that as much as 32.87 g of gum was removed during the degumming process. The picric acid tests verified that the adsorption using zeolite reduced the HCN contents, which indicates that the treated oil is safe to consume. The FFA test results showed that the final FFA content for each process was 7.25, 6.46, 6.21, 0.17%, respectively. This study unfolds the potential of kesambi seed oil as future cooking oil by improving its quality that can satisfy the Indonesia National Standard.
Isotherm Adsorbsi Uap Air Komposit Poli(asam laktat) - Grafit Fadilah Fadilah; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Sperisa Distantina; Dwi Ardiana Setyawhardani; Endang Kwartiningsih; Aida Nur Ramadhani; Isa Fakhruddin; Amaldo Firjarahadi Tane
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Volume 6, No 1 July 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.58786

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Poli asam laktat adalah polimer hidrofobik yang termasuk dalam kelas biomaterial yang bersifat biodegradable. Poli asam laktat berpotensi untuk dijadikan komposit polimer konduktif (conductive polymer composite - CPC) yang dipergunakan sebagai bahan semikonduktor dengan cara mencampurkan grafit kepadanya. Perilaku adsorpsi uap air perlu dipelajari untuk mengetahui stabilitas komposit dan ditunjukkan melalui kurva isotherm adsorpsi uap air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari isotherm adsorpsi uap air komposit poli asam laktat/grafit pada berbagai komposisi grafit. Pengamatan terhadap isotherm adsorpsi uap air dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri pada berbagai kondisi kelembaban relatif. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kurva isotherm mengikuti tipe II menurut kasifikasi Brunauer, yaitu kurva berbentuk sigmoidal.  Semakin tinggi kondisi kelembaban relatif, semakin besar kandungan air kesetimbangan. Peningkatan kandungan air kesetimbangan secara tajam terjadi pada kondisi kelembaban di atas 75%.  Semakin tinggi komposisi grafit, semakin besar kandungan uap air kesetimbangan. Data kesetimbangan dicocokkan dengan model kesetimbangan sorpsi uap air yaitu model Guggenhiem-Anderson-deBoer (GAB), model Peleg, dan model Oswin. Model GAB memberikan gambaran isotherm yang terbaik.Kata kunci: Adsorpsi Uap Air, Kesetimbangan, Komposit, Poli Asam Laktat/Grafit, Pemodelan  ABSTRACT. Poly(lactic acid)/PLA is a hydrophobic polymer that belongs to the class of biodegradable biomaterial. PLA can be used as material in the manufacture of conductive polymer composite (CPC), which is used as a semiconductor material by mixing graphite into it. The water vapor adsorption behavior needs to be studied to determine the stability of the composite. This research aims to investigate the water vapor adsorption isotherm in poly(lactic acid)/graphite composites on various graphite compositions. The gravimetric method carried observations on the water vapor adsorption isotherm at various relative humidity conditions. The results obtained indicate that the isotherm curve follows type II according to the Brunauer classification. The higher the relative humidity, the greater the equilibrium water content. A sharp increase in the equilibrium water content occurs at humidity conditions above 75%. The higher the graphite composition, the greater the equilibrium moisture content. The Guggenhiem-Anderson-deBoer (GAB), Peleg, and Oswin sorption models were used to fit the experimental data. The GAB model best described the isotherms of the composites.Keywords: Composite, Equilibrium, Modeling, Poly(lactic acid)/Graphite, Water Vapor Adsorption
Pemanfaatan Polimer Alam Kappa-Karagenan dan Glukomanan untuk Mikroenkapsulasi Extra Virgin Olive Oil Viona Rohmah Armia Gita Kusuma; Gemilang Ramadhan Syahputraningrat; Halimah Madania Rahman; Fadilah Fadilah
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Volume 6, No 1 July 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.58249

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) adalah olahan pertama minyak zaitun tanpa campuran ekstrak lainnya yang mengandung senyawa antioksidan berupa senyawa fenolik, tokoferol, squalene, klorofil, β-karoten, dan polifenol.  Kandungan antioksidan ini mudah teroksidasi sehingga perlu dipertahankan dengan cara mikroenkapsulasi. Mikroenkapsulasi merupakan penyalutan tipis dengan polimer pada partikel kecil zat padat dan dispersi zat cair dimana ukuran partikel antara 1-5000 µm. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan volume bahan inti dan komposisi campuran polimer pada mikroenkapsulasi EVOO dengan penyalut polimer alam kappa-karagenan dan glukomanan menggunakan metode koaservasi. Keberhasilan EVOO tersalut dalam polimer ditunjukkan berdasarkan rendemen mikrokapsul, Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), dan efisiensi enkapsulasi. Hasil riset didapatkan penambahan volume minyak dan campuran komposisi polimer berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi yang dihasilkan. Efisiensi enkapsulasi tertinggi terdapat pada penambahan volume EVOO 0,5 mL sebesar 74,996% dan komposisi polimer pada 0,2 g kappa-karagenan + 0,1 g glukomanan sebesar 77,5637%. Kata kunci: Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Koaservasi, Mikroenkapsulasi, Polimer Abstract. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the first processed olive oil without other extracts containing antioxidant compounds in the form of phenolic compounds, tocopherols, squalene, chlorophyll, β -carotene, and polyphenols. These antioxidants are easily oxidized so it need to be maintained using microencapsulation. Microencapsulation is a thin polymer coating on small solid particles and liquid dispersions where the particle size ranges from 1-5000 µm. The aim of the  research is to determine the effect of the volume of core material and the composition of polymer mixture on EVOO microencapsulation using mixture natural polymer kappa-carrageenan and glucomannan by coacervation method. The success of coating EVOO by the polymer was demonstrated based on the yield, Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and encapsulation efficiency. The results showed that the addition of oil volume and a mixture of polymer compositions affected the resulting efficiency. The highest encapsulation efficiency was found in the addition of 0.5 mL EVOO which provides efficiency 74.996% and polymer composition at 0.2 g of kappa-carrageenan + 0.1 g of glucomannan which provides efficiency 77.5637%.Keywords: Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Coaservation Microencapsulation, Polymer   
Batch mode treatment of wastewater from the Maroua artisanal tannery using silica extracted from rice husks and silica/sand mixture Jean Marie Dangwang Dikdim; Germain Vaimata Djinsi; Cornelius Tsamo
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Volume 6, No 1 July 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.61211

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Tanning activity consumes high volumes of water resulting in large volumes of highly colored polluted wastewater being discharged to the environment. In this study, the discoloration of the wastewater of the local artisanal tannery using SiO2 synthesized from rice husks and silica/sand mixture at different process conditions was investigated. The results revealed that the discoloration process is favorable for both adsorbents at 35oC with maximum of 61% for sand/SiO2 mixture system and 64% for SiO2 system. The presence of NaCl electrolyte enhanced the discoloration for both adsorbents increasing from 44% for sand/SiO2 mixture at 0 NaCl to 72% at 0.5M NaCl and from 49% for SiO2 system at 0 NaCl to 63 % at 0.5M NaCl. Increasing the amount of sand from 0.2 to 1 g at fixed SiO2 of 0.1 g in sand/SiO2 mixture showed discoloration from 40-41 % while increasing SiO2 in SiO2 alone system from 0.05 to 0.5 g had a discoloration of 45-71%. Results of this study shows that sand a very abundant local and worldwide material can be complemented with silica in a very low cost tannery wastewater discoloration process.Keywords: Tannery, Wastewater, Silica, Sand, Discoloration

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