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Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26223430     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.42852
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering (EJChE) publishes communication articles, original research articles and review articles in :. Material Development Biochemical Process Exploration and Optimization Chemical Education Chemical Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Membrane Technology Food Technology Bioprocess Technology Chemurgy Technology Waste Treatment Technology Separation and Purification Technology Natural Dyes Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 99 Documents
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The Study of Selection Bottle Packaging for Carbonated Beverages Ari Diana Susanti; Diaz Dzulriyana Jalesaputri; Fadhilah Rahmatul Hasanah; Achmad Tegar Romadhoni; Alvin Petrus Gultom
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.62623

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The growth of the packaged beverages market in Indonesia is overgrowing. One sector of packaged beverages is carbonated beverages and bottled water. The main problem with packaged beverages containing dissolved gases is maintaining product quality during shelf life. Packaging materials and packaging lids cause a decrease in dissolved gas levels in beverages. Therefore, this study aims to analyze leaks in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles so that can use them to estimate the shelf life of the product. This study uses water, 3 types of glass bottles, and 1 type of plastic bottle. Bottles filled with water with various filling volumes of 40%v/v, 60%v/v, and 80%v/v were then analyzed for bottle leakage for 8 days. The results showed that effectively used a glass bottle with a volume of 250mL filled with more than 80%v/v, this was because it had the least leakage rate compared to others. In addition, this bottle has an attractive visual, easy labeling, and the size is not too large (ergonomic).Keywords: Glass bottle, plastic bottle, leakage test, shelf life
Effect of Acrylamide And Potassium Peroxodisulphate on The Quality of Bead Gel Based on Cassava Bagasse-Carrageenan Using Microwave Grafting Method Sperisa Distantina; Nurul Hidayatun; Shifa Annisa Nabila; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Fadilah Fadilah
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.68130

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Hydrogels are widely used for drug delivery systems, immuno-chemotherapy applications, efficient use of water, preventing dry soil, and increasing soil infiltration. Generally, hydrogels are derived from synthetic polymers which is non-biodegradable and toxic. Cassava bagasse is an alternative cellulose to make hydrogels. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the amount of acrylamide and potassium peroxodisulphate (KPS) initiator on the quality of bead gel based on cassava bagasse-carrageenan. Chemical structure of the hydrogel was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Cassava bagasse was immersed in a solution of n-hexane to separate the fat. Then, fat-free cassava bagasse was grafted with mass ratios of cassava and acrylamide 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 in 110 mL water. The solution was added with a KPS initiator with weight variations (g) 0.04; 0.08; 0.12 then stirred 15 min. The solution was put in the microwave with 630 watts of irradiation for 450 s with the cooling cycle temperature maintained at 65-70oC. The aqueous of grafted polymer and carrageenan was injected into beaker glass that contained 1 cm of palm oil and mixture of 0.2 M CaCl2 and 0.2 M KCl in an ice bath. Results showed that the highest average swelling capacity was found in the bead gel variation 1:15 with the number of initiators 0.04 g of 1797.95% at a time of 210 minutes of immersion. From FTIR spectrum, it was found that there was a success in grafting acrylamide into bagasse’s backbone using the microwave grafting method with KPS as initiator.Keywords: Acrylamide, Bead Gel, Cassava Bagasse, Grafting Microwave, Potassium Peroxodisulphate
Pemanfaatan Cangkang Biji Nyamplung sebagai Penghasil Resin untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Limbah Padat di CV Plantanesia Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Fadilah Fadilah; Sperisa Distantina; Endang Kwartiningsih; Yoseph Calasanctius Danarto; Aida Nur Ramadhani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.66463

Abstract

ABSTRAK. CV Plantanesia merupakan industri penghasil minyak dari biji nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) yang dikenal sebagai Tamanu oil. Minyak tersebut dijual sebagai bahan baku kosmetik untuk produk skin care dan obat tradisional seperti luka, penyakit kulit, rematik, minyak untuk urut maupun obat gatal. Produksi Tamanu oil menghasilkan limbah hasil pengepresan minyak dari bijinya yang berupa bungkil/ampas biji dan cangkang/kulit buah nyamplung. Limbah tersebut dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar dan belum dimanfaatkan sehingga hanya dibuang sebagai sampah dan dibakar. Cangkang biji nyamplung mengandung resin senyawa fenolik yang memiliki sifat antioksidan, anti inflamasi, anti kanker, dan anti mikroba sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pelatihan pengolahan limbah pengepresan minyak biji nyamplung, khususnya cangkang biji dan pengolahannya untuk menjadi resin. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di CV. Plantanesia yang berlokasi di Tasikmadu, Kecamatan Jaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Pelatihan diberikan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, diskusi dan pelatihan pengambilan (ekstraksi) resin dari cangkang nyamplung. Proses ekstraksi resin dari cangkang nyamplung dan pengaturan kondisi optimal ekstraksi dilakukan terlebih dahulu melalui percobaan pendahuluan di Laboratorium Program Studi Teknik Kimia FT UNS. Hasil percobaan tersebut digunakan sebagai materi pelatihan. Penyampaian materi dilakukan melalui kunjungan, penyuluhan dan pelatihan pada pelaku usaha khususnya CV Plantanesia. Materi penyuluhan dikemas dalam modul dan dipraktekkan secara langsung di lokasi CV. Dari kegiatan ini, mitra memperoleh peningkatan wawasan akan pemanfaatan cangkang biji nyamplung. Produk resin yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai produk samping yang bernilai jual tinggi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan bagi pelaku usaha, sekaligus dapat mengatasi masalah limbahnya. Kata kunci: cangkang biji nyamplung, resin, tamanu oilABSTRACT. CV Plantanesia is a home industry that produces nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) seed oil known as Tamanu oil. The oil is usually used for skin care products and traditional medicines such as wounds, skin diseases, rheumatism, massage oil and itching medicine. Tamanu oil production leaves solid waste from the pressing process, which is cake/seed dregs and shells/skin of nyamplung fruit. This waste is generated in large quantities and has not been utilized, so it is only disposed of as garbage or just burned. Nyamplung seed shells contain resin phenolic compounds which is used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. It can be used for medical treatment. This project aims to provide training on processing waste nyamplung seed oil, especially the seed shells and their processing to become resin. This activity is carried out at CV. Plantanesia which is located in Tasikmadu, Jaten, Karanganyar. The project was implemented in various activities, such as counseling, focus group discussions and workshop for extracting resin from nyamplung shells. The resin extraction and optimization process condition were developed at the Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University. The experimental results are implemented in the workshop at the industry. From this activity, partners gain increased insight into the use of nyamplung seed shells. The resin product is expected to be useful as a high value by-product to increase the benefit of the industry, as well as to overcome the waste problem.Keywords: nyamplung seed shell, resin, tamanu oil
Meningkatkan Potensi Kewirausahaan dan Inovasi Produk di SMK N 1 Mojosongo Himmah Sekar Eka Ayu Gustiana; Ayub Mahmudi; Syahrul Aji Jayani; Cornelius Satria Yudha; Esa Nur Shohih; Firman Asto Putro; Muhammad Iqbal Al Fuady; Paryanto Paryanto; Windhu Griyasti Suci
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.65939

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Kewirausahaan merupakan salah satu tuntutan kompetensi lulusan siswa di SMK Negeri 1 Mojosongo. Kompetensi tersebut menjadi salah satu indikator kualitas sumber daya manusia lulusan SMK. Tim Manajemen sekolah selalu berusaha meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya siswa dan tenaga pengajarnya. Salah satu terobosan yang dilakukan adalah bekerjasama dengan Prodi D3 Teknik Kimia Universitas Sebelas Maret untuk meningkatkan wawasan siswanya. Konsep kerjasama ini berupa transfer keilmuan yang dikemas dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Kegiatan ini memiliki beberapa tahapan dimulai dari identifikasi masalah mitra yaitu perlunya pemahaman konsep kewirausahaan, business plan, pemodalan dana hibah, konsep desain dan inovasi produk dan pemasaran usaha. Pada tahap awal kegiatan siswa diminta mengikuti pretest untuk mengetahui tingkat mula pemahaman.  Tahap kedua paparan materi kewirausahaan dan diskusi, tahap ketiga demo sekaligus praktik langsung pembuatan inovasi produk pangan dari buah nipah. Kegiatan diakhiri dengan post test dan testimoni hasil kegiatan. Dari kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, menunjukkan hasil bahwa terdapat peningkatan pemahaman peserta tentang kewirausahaan dan inovasi produk menggunakan teknologi sederhana. Kata kunci: Kewirausahaan, inovasi pangan, nipah, sirupABSTRACT. Entrepreneurship is one of the required competencies for students' graduation at SMK Negeri 1 Mojosongo. Thus, this competency is one of the indicators to determine the quality of graduates from SMK N 1 Mojosongo. The School management has been trying to improve the quality of students and teaching staff. Collaboration between SMK N 1 Mojosongo and Diploma 3 of the Chemical Engineering Study Program of Universitas Sebelas Maret is one of the breakthroughs to increase students' insight. The concept of this collaboration is in the form of knowledge transfer which is packaged in community service activities. This activity begins with identifying the problems experienced by partners such as the need to understand the concept of entrepreneurship, business plans, grant funding, design concepts, product innovation, and business marketing. Before the main agenda begins, students are asked to take a pretest to determine their initial level of understanding. After a presentation on entrepreneurship, the students practice making food product innovations from Nypa fruticans. Finally, the students took the post-test and gave testimonials on the results of the activities. The results of this activity indicate that there is an increase in participants' understanding of entrepreneurship and product innovation with simple technology.Keywords: Food innovation, nypa fruticans, entrepreneurship, syrup
Pengaruh Fraksi Minyak dan Emulsifier serta Kecepatan Pengadukan terhadap Karakteristik Emulsi Minyak Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) dalam Air (M/A) Margono Margono; Eudia Novianty Putri; Evan Gumilar
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.64147

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Emulsi M/A basis krim minyak biji bunga matahari memiliki keunggulan menjaga kelembaban kulit, anti inflamasi, mudah diaplikasikan, tidak lengket, dan mudah dicuci dengan air. Formula memiliki peran penting dalam pembuatan basis krim karena formula yang tidak tepat menyebabkan perubahan sifat dan karakteristik yang drastis. Percobaan ini dipelajari untuk mengetahui pengaruh fraksi emulsifier, fraksi minyak biji bunga matahari, dan kecepatan pengadukan terhadap karakteristik basis krim. Karakteristik yang diamati adalah daya sebar, diameter globula, dan stabilitas basis krim. Basis krim dibuat dalam beberapa formula dan berbagai kecepatan pengadukan ketika fase minyak dituangkan ke dalam fase air secara bertahap. Suhu kerja dijaga antara 60-70 oC selama 30 menit saat pencampuran. Pengamatan daya sebar dan diameter globula dilakukan setiap 5 menit, sedangkan stabilitas hanya diamati pada akhir proses. Perlakuan terpilih berupa kecepatan pengadukan 2000 rpm pada pengemulsi 4% dan minyak biji bunga matahari 10% menghasilkan basis krim dengan daya sebar 7,1 + 0,68 cm dan diameter globula 12,7 + 1,62 µm. Semua formula dan kecepatan pengadukan menghasilkan basis krim M/A dengan stabilitas yang baik.Kata kunci: basis krim, emulsi M/A kecepatan pengadukan, minyak biji bunga matahari, emulsifierABSTRACT. The O/W emulsion of sunflower seed oil base cream has the advantage of maintaining skin moisture, anti-inflammatory, easy to apply, not sticky, and easily washed off with water. A Formula has an important role in a base cream manufacturing due to improper formula causing drastic changes in the properties and characteristics. These experiments were studied to investigate the effects of fraction of natural emulsifier, fraction of sunflower seed oil, and impeller speed on the base cream characteristics. The characteristics observed were spreadability, globule diameter, and stability of the base cream. The base cream was prepared in some formulas and various of impeller speeds when the oil phase was poured into the water phase gradually. The working temperature was kept between 60-70oC for 30 minutes of mixing. Observations of the spreadability and the globule diameter were conducted every 5 minutes, while the stability just observed at the end of process. The treatment of 2000 rpm of impeller speed on 4% of emulsifier and 10% of sunflower seed oil resulted in the base cream with spreadability of 7.1 + 0.68 cm and globule diameter of 12.7 + 1.62 µm, while all of the formulas and   impeller speeds resulted in O/W base cream having good stabilityKeywords: Base Cream, Impeller Speed, Natural Emulsifier, O/W emulsion, Sunflower Seed Oil 
Peningkatan Kompetensi Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta mengenai Industri Baterai Lithium Ion Tika Paramitha; Endah Retno Dyartanti; Arif Jumari; Agus Purwanto; Adrian Nur; Anatta Wahyu Budiman
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.66334

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta memiliki jurusan Kimia Industri yang mempersiapkan tenaga terampil di industri kimia untuk mendukung dalam pengembangan teknologi. Salah satu Industri Kimia yang berkembang saat ini adalah Industri Baterai Lithium Ion (LIB). LIB saat ini digunakan tidak hanya pada perangkat elektronik portabel, seperti komputer dan telepon seluler, tetapi juga untuk kendaraan listrik atau kendaraan hybrid. Oleh karena itu, lulusan SMK dengan Program Keahlian Kimia Industri hendaknya menyiapkan lulusan yang mempunyai kompetensi di bidang teknologi baterai. Dengan kompetensi dosen dalam teknologi produksi material aktif baterai pada skala mini plant dan fasilitas yang mewadai di Pusat Unggulan IPTEK (PUI) PT Teknologi Penyimpanan Energi Listrik, maka sangat memungkinkan dosen untuk mengenalkannya kepada siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pelatihan ini adalah metode ceramah, diskusi dan praktik. Adapun materi yang disampaikan mengenai baterai lithium ion (aplikasi, jenis, tipe, struktur, proses pembuatan material aktif, dan fabrikasi). Kegiatan praktik yang dilakukan yaitu praktik pembuatan material aktif katoda dengan metode ko-presipitasi dan fabrikasi sel baterai. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah kompetensi siswa dan guru meningkat yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai Pre-Test yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Post-Test.Kata kunci: Baterai Lithium Ion, SMK, KatodaABSTRACT. Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta Vocational High School has a Department of Industrial Chemistry which prepares skilled workers in the chemical industry to support the development of technology. One of the chemical industries that is currently developing is the Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) industry. LIBs are currently used not only in portable electronic devices, such as computers and cell phones but also for electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. Therefore, Vocational High School with an industrial chemistry expertise program should prepare students who graduate to have competence in the field of battery technology. With the competence of lecturers in the production technology of battery active materials on a mini plant scale and adequate facilities at the Center of Excellence for Electrical Energy Storage Technology, it is very possible for lecturers to introduce technology and battery production facilities to students of Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta Vocational High School. The methods used in this training are lecture, discussion and practice methods. The material presented was about LIB (application, type, type, structure, active material manufacturing process, and fabrication). The practical activities carried out are the practice of making cathode active materials with the co-precipitation method and battery cell fabrication. The result of this activity is that the competence of students and teachers increases as indicated by a better Pre-Test score compared to the Post-Test score.Keywords: Lithium Ion, SMK, Cathode
Sintesis TiO2-rGO Dengan Pereduksi Alumunium untuk Fotokatalisis Degradasi Metilen Biru dibawah Irradiasi Sinar Tampak Anthoni Batahan Aritonang; Putry Parwaty; Muhammad Agus Wibowo; Puji Ardiningsih; Adhitiyawarman Adhitiyawarman
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.65518

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Sintesis TiO2-rGO telah dilakukan dengan prekursor TiO2 dan rGO yang disintesis dari batang grafit menggunakan metode Hidrotermal. Fotokatalis TiO2-rGO hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) dan Diffuse Reflectance UV-VIS (DRUV). Sintesis rGO dengan metode elektrokimia menggunakan agen pereduksi Alumunium. Dilakukan uji aktivitas menggunakan metilen biru dengan bantuan sinar tampak. Berdasarkan data hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai celah pita TiO2 sebesar 3,33 eV, TiO2-rGO sebesar 3,23 eV yang setara dengan panjang gelombang 378 nm dan 410 nm. Aktivitas fotokatalitik TiO2 dibawah irradiasi sinar tampak mengalami peningkatan setelah dikompositkan dengan rGO membentuk komposit TiO2-rGO mampu mendegradasi MB hingga 67,05%.Kata Kunci: Fotokatalis, rGO, TiO2-rGO, elektrokimia, metilen biru ABSTRACT. TiO2-rGO synthesis was carried out with TiO2 precursor and rGO that was synthesized from a graphite rod using a hydrothermal method. Photocatalysts TiO2-rGO were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Diffuse Reflectance UV-VIS (DRUV). Synthesis of rGO by the electrochemical method using reducing agent Aluminum. The activity test was carried out using methylene blue with the help of visible light. Based on the calculated data, the band gap value of TiO2 is 3.30 eV, and TiO2-rGO is 3.00 eV, equivalent to a wavelength of 378 nm and 410 nm. These data indicate that the rGO material reduces the band gap but the low band gap decrease. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 under visible light irradiation increased after being composited with rGO to form a TiO2-rGO composite capable of degrading MB up to 67.05%Keywords: Photocatalyst, rGO, TiO2-rGO, electrochemistry, methylene Blue
Effect of Potassium Peroxodisulphate and Microwave Power on Hydrogel Character Based on Banana Peel Waste Using Microwave Grafting Method Sperisa Distantina; Ghea Safiraventa Anggreini; Fahrul An'nas Al Kamal; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Fadilah Fadilah
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Volume 7, No 1 July 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i1.67919

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Musa paradisiaca var. raja peel waste contains cellulose which has the potential to be a raw material for synthesizing hydrogels. This research utilizes acrylamide monomer grafted onto banana peel cellulose backbone using the microwave grafting method to produce hydrogel. The banana peel waste was dried to a constant weight and then crushed into powder. Banana peel powder was through a delignification process with the addition of NaOH and bleached with NaClO to took only the cellulose of the banana peel. The mixture of banana peel cellulose-acrylamide-potassium peroxodisulfate powder through the grafting process was repeated with variations in KPS concentration and microwave power. The reaction was terminated with a hydroquinone solution, washed with acetone, and then precipitated. The precipitated solid was dried to a powder called cellulose-g-PAAM. A homogeneous solution of 2% carrageenan-cellulose-g-PAAM underwent a physical crosslinking process using KCl and CaCl2 solutions after passing through palm oil to form a bead gel. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS) initiator concentration and microwave power on the swelling capacity in water. The properties of obtained dried bead gels were characterized their functional groups using FTIR and swelling capacity test in water. From this research, it can be concluded that banana peel cellulose was successfully grafted onto acrylamide monomer as evidenced by the FTIR test results. The lower KPS concentration is the greater on the swelling capacity and the microwave power has no effect on the swelling capacity of bead gels.Keywords: Banana peel, Bead gel, Microwave, Swelling degree 
The Effect Of Concentration And Type Of Soaking Media (Water, Alcohol, Salt, And Vinegar) On Decreasing Oxalate Levels (Washability) In Porang Bambang Sugiarto; Adhi Setyawan; Octavia Nurmalitasari; RR Endang Sulistyowati
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Volume 7, No 1 July 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i1.65677

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Porang tubers (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) contain very high rates of glucomannan and have many benefits in various fields of health, pharmaceutical, industrial, and food fields. Besides having great benefits, porang tubers contain calcium oxalate which causes itching if consumed directly, irritation and kidney stones. The purpose of this study was to make porang tubers free from oxalate content by using various concentrations and types of immersion media on porang. The types of immersion media are water, salt, alcohol, and vinegar. Oxalate rates were analyzed by permanganometric titration method. The results of the diced porang immersion in this study showed that water with a temperature of 70°C with an immersion time of 120 minutes, salt solution at a concentration of 14% with an immersion time of 90 minutes, alcohol with a concentration of 40% with a soaking time of 30 minutes, and vinegar with a concentration of 30% with an immersion time of 150 minutes is the optimal result. While the porang immersion with long slices obtained optimal results in water with a temperature of 50°C with an immersion time of 150 minutes, salt solution at a concentration of 14% with an immersion time of 150 minutes, alcohol with a concentration of 60% with an immersion time of 150 minutes, and vinegar acid with a concentration of 20% with an immersion time of 150 minutes. In the optimal results of the dice, the oxalate content in water immersion decreased by 2.4%, salt solution decreased by 68.4%, alcohol decreased by 24.6%, and vinegar decreased by 11.8%. In the optimal results of the spring roll filling, the oxalate content in water immersion decreased by 2.4 %, salt solution decreased by 7.3%, alcohol decreased by 19.7%, and vinegar decreased by 11.8%.Keywords:  Porang, Calcium oxalate,Permanganometric
The Effect of Coffee Husk Waste Addition with Alkalisation Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites Ella Melyna; Atika Pratiwi Afridana
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 (2023): Volume 7, No 1 July 2023
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i1.68556

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producing country in the world with 762.38 thousand tonnes production in 2020. The coffee bean waste in the form of coffee skins is around 50-60% of the harvest. Coffee skin waste is a type of natural material that has not been widely used. Processing coffee skin waste as a filler in thermoplastic polymers can be a solution to environmental problems. This study using the polypropylene matrix. This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding coffee husk by alkalizing treatment on polypropylene composites on tensile strength, impact strength and flexural strength. The composition of coffee husk used is 20, 30, 40% wt. The coffee husk was first alkalized with 5%, 8%, and 11% KOH to remove lignin. Composite manufactured using manual forming machines. The results of this study indicate that the addition of coffee husk reduces the value of the tensile strength and flexural strength of the polypropylene composite. The addition of 20% wt coffee husk with 5% KOH alkalisastion on the polypropylene composite gave the highest tensile strength value of 5.65 MPa and the highest flexural strength of 28.72 MPa. Alkalisastion treatment with KOH on coffee husk reduces the value of tensile strength and flexural strength in polypropylene composites. The treatment without 0% KOH alkalisastion on coffee husk gave the highest tensile strength value of 13.30 MPa and alkalizing treatment with 5% KOH on coffee husk gave the highest flexural strength value of 28.72 MPa with the addition of 20% wt coffee husk. Alkalisastion treatment with KOH on coffee husk increased the impact strength value on polypropylene composites. Alkalisastion treatment with 11% KOH on coffee husk gave the highest impact strength value of 4.62 kJ/m2 with the addition of 20% wt coffee husk.Keywords: composite, polypropylene, coffee husk, alkalisation 

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