Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
The MOLEKUL is dedicated to fostering advancements in all branches of chemistry and its diverse sub-disciplines. It aims to publish high-quality research encompassing a wide range of topics, including but not limited to Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biological Activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry. By providing a platform for rigorous scientific inquiry and dissemination of knowledge, the journal strives to contribute to the understanding, innovation, and practical applications of chemistry in various fields. We encourage submissions that explore new methodologies, elucidate fundamental principles, address pressing challenges, and demonstrate the potential for real-world impact. Our journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and perspectives from researchers, scholars, and professionals across the global scientific community, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and the advancement of chemical sciences. The scope of this journal encompasses a wide range of topics within the field of chemistry, with a particular focus on advancing knowledge and innovation in the following areas: 1. Theoretical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry: This includes theoretical studies, computational modeling, and experimental investigations related to chemical reactivity, molecular structures, spectroscopy, and the environmental fate and impact of chemicals. 2. Materials Synthesis for Energy and Environmental Applications: The journal welcomes research on the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials for energy storage, catalysis, solar energy conversion, pollution mitigation, and sustainable environmental technologies. 3. Isolation, Purification, and Modification of Biomolecules: Manuscripts addressing the isolation, purification, and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, along with their applications in areas such as biotechnology, drug discovery, and diagnostics, are of particular interest. 4. Fabrication, Development, and Validation of Analytical Methods: The journal encourages submissions focusing on the development and optimization of analytical techniques, including chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Topics may include method validation, sample preparation, quality control, and applications in diverse fields.
Articles
83 Documents
<![CDATA[Gas-Liquid Separator Modified on CV-AAS System for Determination of Total Hg in the Industrial Wastewater Samples ]]>
<![CDATA[Sujito Sujito]]>;
<![CDATA[Subur P Pasaribu]]>;
<![CDATA[Teguh Wirawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Aman Sentosa Panggabean]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.3.5039
<![CDATA[The research about the utilization of modified gas-liquid separators in the determination of Hg ions by using the Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (CV-AAS) method has been done. To optimize the measurement results, several parameters that affect the hydride generator have been studied. Some specified essential parameters are the type and concentration of acid, the level of SnCl2 as a reducing agent, sample volume and the analytical performance such as linearity (r), detection limit (LOD) and quantitation limit (LOQ), repeatability (% RSD), and accuracy have been studied. The results of the research showed the gas-liquid separator modified can be used instead of commercial gas- liquid separators. It was showed by the repeatability value as % RSD < 2/3 CV Horwitz values, the LOD was 0.2530 μg/mL, and the LOQ was 0.8432 μg/mL. The accuracy of this method was good shown by a recovery percentage of 101.6%. Based on the result of this research, the modified of gas-liquid separator can be used for the determination of Hg ions by using the CV-AAS method with valid results]]>
<![CDATA[Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver N-Methyl Chitosan ]]>
<![CDATA[Mardiyah Kurniasih]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwati Purwati]]>;
<![CDATA[Ratna Stia Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Kasandra Budiarni]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5059
<![CDATA[This study synthesized silver N-methyl chitosan (Ag-NMC) and tested it for its antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Ag-NMC was characterized by FTIR, XRD, measured for its molecular weight (MW), solubility, and toxicity. The antimicrobial activity was tested by the agar diffusion method, determining the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, and determining the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against the fungus Candida albicans. The results showed that Ag-NMC had MW, solubility, and LC50 of 555.65 g/mol, 50 mg/mL, 945,492 mg/L, respectively. The diameter of the inhibition zone from the resulting diffusion test showed that Ag-NMC had better antimicrobial activity than N-methyl chitosan (NMC) and chitosan. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values of Ag-NMC were always lower than that of NMC and chitosan.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Chemical Content, Cytotoxic and Anti-Bacterial Activity Essential Oil of Lantana Camara Linn Leaves from Various Regions ]]>
<![CDATA[Suryati suryati]]>;
<![CDATA[Adlis Santoni]]>;
<![CDATA[Bustanul Arifin]]>;
<![CDATA[Norman Ferdinal]]>;
<![CDATA[Emil Salim]]>;
<![CDATA[Asri Amelia]]>;
<![CDATA[Leidina Zein]]>;
<![CDATA[Silfani Mairanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Indah Putri Lestari]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5143
<![CDATA[Lantana camara Linn is a family of Verbenaceae that grows in tropical and subtropical areas and spread in about 50 countries in the world. This plant contains essential oils with different contents based on the difference in the place of growth. The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the chemical content of the essential oil of L. camara Linn leaves obtained from Agam, Tanah Datar, Kampar Regency, Padang Panjang City and to determine its cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. Isolation was carried out by hydro distillation method and chemical content analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The high yield from the isolation of essential oil from leaves of L. camara Linn obtained from Tanah Datar Regency was 0.095% (w/w). The results of the analysis of the essential oil content with the main compounds for all Regency and City being caryophyllene with the high area percent was Tanah Datar Regency (19.74%). Cytotoxic activity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that L. camara Linn essential oil was highly toxic with an LC50 value of 28.34 µg/mL from Padang Panjang City. Antibacterial activity test by disc diffusion method showed that L. camara Linn essential oil had moderate antibacterial activity againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, with high clear zone from Agam Regency was 12.9 mm and Tanah Datar Regency was 7.8 mm, respectively, at concentration of 100%.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation, Characterization of Fiber Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Corncob (Zea mays L.) during Alkalization ]]>
<![CDATA[Edi Suryanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Mercy I.R. Taroreh]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5179
<![CDATA[Corncob fiber powder was prepared by alkaline process, and their effects were investigated on the composition, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties of dietary fiber (DF) products. DF content was determined using AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric analysis, while chemical composition in fiber was observed on cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The results showed that cellulose content of significantly increased while hemicellulose and lignin was observed decreasing. Correspondingly, content of the insoluble, soluble, and total DF of corncob was increased by 14.72-20.77, 28.86-47.43, and 15.12-21.42%, respectively. Furthermore, the particle size of DF is distributed in a range from 58.50-83.90 µm. XRD analysis showed the characteristics of cellulose that exhibited increasing crystalline degree from 29.33% to 53.53% and 59.62%, respectively. FTIR shows that the DF matrix structure does not change and in the presence of special structures of cellulose compounds. The SEM results showed that the alkaline process could significantly decrease the particle size and influence on the physicochemical and functional properties of corncob insoluble DF. The results also showed that DF extract has lower DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results suggest that corncob DF have good potential candidate for dietary fiber containing antioxidant ingredient and for their further applications in food.]]>
<![CDATA[The Physicochemical Characterization, Gelatinization Profile, and Proximate Analysis of Sweet Potato Starch (Ipomoea batatas L.) White, Yellow, and Purple ]]>
<![CDATA[Triana Kusumaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Maulidan Firdaus]]>;
<![CDATA[Fyan Tri Istiqomah Juneasri]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5186
<![CDATA[Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has a considerable potency to be developed in Indonesia because of its high nutritional content and spacious application of sweet potato starch in food and non-food fields. Physicochemical characterization, gelatinization profile, and proximate analysis of sweet potato starch white, yellow, and purple has been carried out. Initially, extraction of starch from white, yellow, and purple sweet potato flour was done using a maceration technique. The starch extract was then analysed to determine its physicochemical properties such as pH, density, boiling point, melting point, swelling capacity, and solubility in water, as well as morphological surface using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The gelatinization profile of sweet potato starch was measured using the Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). The proximate composition of sweet potato starch was also determined. The results showed that yellow sweet potato starch has a high amylose content of 28.17% which thus leads to difficulty in absorbing water, increasing the gelatinization temperature and affecting the structural stability of the starch. The molecular structure of amylose and amylopectin is the main factor influencing the determination of the physicochemical characterization of sweet potato starch. Proximate analysis of sweet potato starch showed high content of amylose (28.17%), water (17.03%), and protein (5.21%) with low amylopectin (71.83%), minerals (1.09%), fat (0.09%), and carbohydrates (76.9%) content. The three varieties of sweet potato show extraordinary potential in food industrial applications because they play a huge part in deciding the suitability of sweet potato starch for specific requirements and interest in developing new and remarkable starch sources.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Petroleum Products Spill Potential Impact (Gasoline and Diesel Fuels) on Soil Fertility Quality Around Pertamina Rewulu-Cilacap Pipeline Bantul-Yogyakarta ]]>
<![CDATA[Thaifah Muthohharoh]]>;
<![CDATA[Linda Johana Latumahina]]>;
<![CDATA[Suyanta Suyanta]]>;
<![CDATA[Suherman Suherman]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 18 No 2 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.5402
<![CDATA[This research focused on analyzing the potential impact of petroleum products spill (gasoline and diesel fuels) on soil fertility quality around PERTAMINA Rewulu-Cilacap Pipeline Bantul, Yogyakarta. The objectives of this study were to analyze the change of soil fertility parameters that are contaminated by gasoline and diesel fuel oils, compared to uncontaminated soil as control. Soil samples were collected from Pertamina Rewulu-Cilacap around the pipeline. Some physico-chemical properties that reflect soil fertility were determined using standard physico-chemical methods and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) using Gas Chromatography. Soil samples were divided into three points (I, II, and III) based on taken places. The study started with analysis of physical and chemical properties of the soil, then petroleum products (gasoline and diesel) were added to the soil samples. The contaminated soil and control then analyzed for identify the fertility quality and TPH content. The results showed that petroleum product contamination increases N, P, and reduces K concentrations in the soil. The sample in point III had the highest values of TPH concentration without any additional petroleum products. After addition of a dose of 13% gasoline, the concentration of TPH in point I, II, and III increased by 0.036%, 0.08% and 0.008%. With the addition of 15% diesel in the sample, the TPH concentration of point I, II, and III increased by 0.892 %, 1.198%, and 0.91%.]]>
<![CDATA[Derivatization of Inseparable Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids of Fagraea fragrans Fruits to Enhance Their Anticancer Activity ]]>
<![CDATA[Dasril Basir]]>;
<![CDATA[Miksusanti Miksusanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Susilawati Susilawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5425
<![CDATA[Inseparable Ursolic acid and its isomeric oleanolic acid are the major compounds in Fagraea fragrans fruits. The white solid crystals , 3.1 % of these triterpenic acids are easyly isolated from alcoholic extracts of these dried fruits. They are well known in both cosmeticeutical and medicinal industries. Therefore the objective of this work is to derivative those to be the inseparable ethyl ursolate 3-ethyl ether [its isomeric ethyl oleanolate 3-ethyl ether], and to evaluate their anticancer activity against P-388 murine leukemia cells. The results are 71% of the derivatives have been successfully made from the inseparable ursolic [its isomeric oleanolic] acids by in situ reaction between those triterpenic acids with thionyl chloride and ethanol in benzene. The anticancer activity of ethyl ursolate 3-ethyl ether [its isomeric ethyl oleanolate 3-ethyl ether] against P-388 murine leukemia cells with IC50 value of 31.36 µg/mL is twofold (1.7) more potent then their mother compounds, the inseparable ursolic [its isomeric oleanolic] acids with IC50 value of 53.5 µg/mL.]]>
<![CDATA[Flavonoids from Limau Peel (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse) and Their Antioxidant Activity ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristin Shinta Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Euis Julaeha]]>;
<![CDATA[Kindi Farabi]]>;
<![CDATA[Unang Supratman]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5430
<![CDATA[Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse is an endemic Indonesian plant from West Java. This study aims to determine the chemical structure of the flavonoid compounds of C. amblycarpa peel ethanol extract and their antioxidant activity. Three flavonoid compounds, namely 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (1), 8-hydroxy-3,3',4',5,6,7-hexamethoxyflavone (2), and 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (3), were isolated for the first time from the ethanol extract of C. amblycarpa peel. Their chemical structure was determined by spectroscopic methods (MS, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT) and compared with previous reported spectral data. Furthermore, these compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that 8-hydroxy-3,3',4',5,6,7-hexamethoxyflavone (2) has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 121.09 ± 0.24 ppm.]]>
<![CDATA[Gold (Au), Silver (Ag) and Bimetallic Au/Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in 4-Nitrophenol Reduction Reactions ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurjannah Nurjannah]]>;
<![CDATA[Bualkar Abdullah]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuliati Herbani]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 2 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.2.5456
<![CDATA[Au, Ag, and Au/Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in aqueous solution by chemical reduction. UV-Vis absorption spectra confirmed a single surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak for Au and Ag NPs, at 520 nm and 419 nm, respectively. Au/Ag core-shell NPs' UV-Vis spectra showed two distinct peaks at 385 and 480 nm, confirming a core-shell structure different from its alloy counterpart. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows a relatively uniform spherical shape for both Au and core-shell Au/Ag NPs, while Ag NPs have a variety of forms such as a prism, rod, and spherical. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was quite similar, between 18 and 25 nm. The 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction model was used to study the catalytic ability of nanoparticles where Au/Ag core-shell NPs showed higher catalytic activity than the other monometallic NPs used in this study.]]>
<![CDATA[Moringa Seed Powder Biocoagulant (Moringa oleifera) for Improving Laboratory Wastewater Quality ]]>
<![CDATA[Peni Pujiastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Yari Mukti Wibowo]]>;
<![CDATA[Narimo Narimo]]>
<![CDATA[ Molekul Vol 17 No 3 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Jenderal Soedirman ]]>
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DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.3.5461
<![CDATA[The purpose of the study was to examine the ability of 100 mesh size moringa seed powder as a biocoagulant in improving the quality of laboratory wastewater, in terms of parameters: color, TSS, Cu, Fe, COD, P-PO4, and antibacterial. The variable that changed was the concentration of Moringa seed powder solution of 0 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 120 mg/L, and 160 mg/L, with fast stirring of 150 rpm for 15 minutes and slow stirring of 50 rpm for 15 minutes. Analysis of test parameters was carried out using standardized methods of wastewater samples before and after the addition of biocoagulants. Characteristics of 100 mesh Moringa seed powder were that with the SEM-EDX test at 5000x magnification. While with the BET-BJH test it had a surface area of 14.519 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.026 cm2/g, and an average pore size of 7.055. Moringa seed powder could improve the quality of laboratory wastewater and it had good effectiveness. Optimal TSS reduction was at a concentration of 80 % with effectiveness of 81.01 %. The reduction of COD and P-PO4 at a concentration of 160 % biocoagulants had an effectiveness of 96.36 % and 79.36 %. Whilst the decrease in heavy metal Cu was 67.7 %, Fe was 89.33 % and color was 52.96 % with the addition of 120 % biocoagulants. It had antibacterial properties of E-coli and Bacillus at the addition of 200 mg/L biocoagulant as well.]]>
