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Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Published by Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia
ISSN : 01261193     EISSN : 2460545X     DOI : 10.35749
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Ophthalmologica Indonesiana is an open accessed online journal and comprehensive peer-reviewed ophthalmologist journal published by the Indonesian Ophthalmologist Association / Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata (PERDAMI). Our main mission is to encourage the important science in the clinical area of the ophthalmology field. We welcome authors for original articles (research), review articles, interesting case reports, special articles, clinical practices, and medical illustrations that focus on the clinical area of ophthalmology medicine.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Ophthalmology
Articles 844 Documents
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Outdoors Activity as A Protective Factor of Myopia Incidence in Children Widya Anandita; Julie D. Barliana
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.42

Abstract

Background: Outdoors activities emerge as one of protective factors in myopia incidence and progression. The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the effect of outdoor activity on preventionof myopia incidence in children age 0 to 18 years old.Methods: The literature search was conducted from MEDLINE database using Pubmed for journalarticles that were published and related to the association between outdoor activity and incidence ofmyopia, guided by MOOSE checklist. Random effect meta-analysis is done on 1 hour/week outdooractivity and incidence of myopia.Results: Thirteen studies were reviewed, 8 of which are cross-sectional studies and 5 of which arecohort studies. Random effect meta-analysis showed OR of 0.9 (CI 95% 0.59-1.55).Conclusion: Outdoor activity as protective factor in preventing incidence of myopia is still inconclusive.However, throughout most articles reviewed in this literature, there is a trend towards its protectiveeffect in preventing myopia incidence.
Relationship between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer with Visual Field Defect in Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Alfurqon Alfurqon; Ramzi Amin; AK Ansyori
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.43

Abstract

Background: In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, neuronal abnormalities include changes in ganglion cell death. Neuronal apoptosis is suspected as one of the causes responsible for the occurrence of lesions at an early stage of diabetic retinopathy, which results in a decrease in number of ganglion cells and thinning of the layer of ganglion cells, which can be caused by several mechanisms including glutamat excitoxicitate, oxidatice stress, hyperglichemia, and neuroinflamation. Retinal ganglion cell death and axonal degeneration, will cause thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) which may result in a decrease in neural function, which in turn have an impact on the occurrence of visual field defects. This study is to determine the relationship between the thickness of RNFL with visual field defects in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods: This study is a comparative analytic cross-sectional design with sample of 66 eyes of 34 people in clinic of retina subdivision of Moh. Hoesin Hospital Palembang from July to November 2013. Patients of NPDR examined fundus photo, Oculo Coherence Tomograph and Humphrey Field analyzer. Results: RNFL thickness average in this study is 104.4±10.9 μm. Visual field defect occur ini moderate and severe NPDR. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between RNFL thickness with visual field defects in patients NPDR (r =-0.693). Keywords: RNFL thickness, visual field defect, NPDR  
Comparison of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) Thickness between the Normal and Glaucoma Eyes with the Same Vertical Cup Disc Ratio (CDR) using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Ni Gusti Ari Ayu Raiasih; Elvioza Elvioza; Virna Dwi Oktariana; Joedo Prihartono
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.44

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma is a disease that belongs to a group of neurodegenerative diseases, such as impaired visual field and optic neuropathy with progressive damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) which is caused by the loss of ganglion cells and axon of the optic. Changes in the optic nerve and RNFL may occur prior to the abnormalities of the visual field nerves. Currently, the visual field examination should be performed to diagnose glaucoma but with patient-subjective result. Before it is detectable, visual field abnormalities are likely going to lose its ganglion cells by 40%. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) between the normal and glaucoma eyes with vertical cup disc ratio (CDR) 0.4 to 0.7 in eye clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) Kirana. Methods: A total of 40 eyes of normal group and 34 eyes of glaucoma following Humphrey field analyzer examination and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) were evaluated. Peripapillary RNFL thickness between normal and glaucoma eyes were analyzed and compared each other. Eyes of glaucoma group then were grouped into early-stage glaucoma, according to the criteria in the initial stages of the examination results of Humphrey field analyzer. Result of peripapillary RNFL thickness was analyzed to get a cut off value. Results: Peripapillary RNFL thickness in the normal group with vertical CDR 0.4 to 0.7 was 111.3±9.8 μm to 118.0±3.0 μm, and glaucoma groups with vertical CDR 0.4 to 0.7 was 105.6±12.6 μm to 113.7±6.1 μm. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal group compared to glaucoma group in the superior quadrant, inferior, nasal, temporal and average on CDR 0.4 to 0.7 was not statistically significant (p>0.05), except on vertical CDR 0.6 average peripapillary RNFL (p<0.05). Cut off value of peripapillary RNFL in superior quadrant was 164 μm, inferior 169.5 μm, nasal 82.5 μm, temporal 73.5 μm and average 111.8 μm. Conclusion: There was no difference in changes of peripapillary RNFL along with the progression of vertical CDR but clinically, peripapillary RFNL thickness in glaucoma group is thinner than that of normal group with the same vertical CDR except in temporal quadrant. Keywords: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), cup disc ratio (CDR), optical coherence tomography (OCT)
The Effect of Prophylactic Nepafenac 0.1% Eye Drops on Macular Changes after Phacoemulsification in Non- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) Soefiandi Soedarman; Ari Djatikusumo; Syska Widyawati; Arini Setiawati
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.45

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic nepafenac eye drops on macular thickness changes after phacoemulsification surgery in mild to moderate NPDR patients. Method: This study is an open label randomized clinical trial. Thirty-six subjects who met the inclusion criteria underwent phacoemulsification. One group (18 subjects) were given nepafenac 0.1% eye drops and the rest were given placebo. Foveal thickness was measured by SD-OCT before surgery and the fourth week after phacoemulsification. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and degree of inflammation in the anterior chamber were also being assessed. Result: There was a statistically significant increase foveal thickness in the placebo group 4 weeks after phacoemulsification (p=0.022). Clinically, percentage degree of inflammation in anterior chamber in placebo group was higher than nepafenac group (38.9% : 5.6%) but not significantly different between 2 groups (p=0.27). Nepafenac group achieved clinically better BCVA than the placebo group 4 weeks after phacoemulsification, although statistically there was no significant difference between 2 groups (p=0.991). Conclusion: Nepafenac 0.1% eye drops could prevent foveal thickening 4 weeks after phacoemulsification in mild to moderate NPDR patients. Clinically, nepafenac 0.1% eye drops could decrease the risk of inflammation in the anterior chamber, risk of CME, and vision deterioration although did not reach statistically significant. Keywords: Nepafenac, macular thickness, phacoemulsification, retinopathy diabetic
Measurement of the Cut Off Score of Visual Function Questionnaire on Vision Related Quality of Life to Predict Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy Fauziah Hayati; Arief Kartasasmita; Mayang Rini; Feti Karfiati
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.46

Abstract

Background: Diabetic retinopathy has a negative impact on quality of life. In order to investigate the effects of visual impairment in self-perception of quality of life, vision related questionnaires such as the National Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) has been developed. The aim of this study is to predict severity of diabetic retinopathy using NEI-VFQ-25 Version 2000 by measuring the cut off score of visual function questionnaire on vision related quality of life Methods: Cross Sectional study by examining 49 diabetic retinopathy patients who meet the inclusion criteria. All patients requested to answer the questionnaire. All question have a score and all question scores then categorized into a number of subscales that can be averaged to yield the subscale scores (lowest to highest range 0-100). Higher score on the VFQ–25 indicates better visual function and health related quality of life. Average scoring then being analyzed by ROC curve in order to gain the cut off score value between retinopathy and sight threatening diabetic retinopathy. Results: The cut off score value between retinopathy and sight threatening diabetic retinopathy is 90.90. The VFQ-25 classification score is in the range of <90.90 consider threatening diabetic retinopathy and ≥90.90 consider retinopathy. Conclusion: VFQ-25 is one of the instruments to confirm that diabetic retinopathy significantly impair quality of life. The cut off score value between retinopathy and sight threatening diabetic retinopathy is 90.90. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, NEI-VFQ-25
The Analysis of Vasculopathy Risk Factors to the Incidence of N-AION Intan Oktaviana; Riski Prihatningtias
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.47

Abstract

Background: Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (N-AION) is an optic disc oedem caused by ischemic process. The disease often occured at old age population and threatening the vision. Vasculopathy was assumed to accelerate the ischemic process in the incidence of N-AION. The purpose of this study is to analyze the vasculopathy risk factors that play a role to the incidence of N-AION in Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Methods: This was an analytic observational study with chi square test. Samples were obtained from patient’s medical record who were diagnosed as N-AION in Kariadi Hospital eye’s clinic from January 2012 to June 2014. The data included vasculopathy risk factors consisting of hypertension (blood pressure >140/80 mmHg), diabetic Mellitus (blood sugar >200mg/dl) and dislypidemia, including hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dl), hypertriglyceride (>150 mg/dl) and the increase of LDL level (>140 mg/dl). All the data was analysed by SPSS 15.0. Results: A total of 31 patients of N-AION were reviewed, 20 patients (64,5 %) had risk factors of hypertension and those with diabetic mellitus. Twenty five patients (80.6%) were hypercholesterolemia, 15 patients (48.4%) were hypertriglyceride and 11 patients (25.5%) had increasing LDL level. The statistical testing using chi square test (α = 0,05) resulted only hypercholesterolemia (p=0.001) which had a significant correlation with the incidence of N-AION, meanwhile hypertension (p=0.106), diabetic mellitus (p=0,106) and hypertriglyceride (p=0.857) had no significant correlation. Conclusion: Statistic analysis of vasculopathy risk factors to the incidence of N-AION indicates that hypercholesterolemia is the most influence risk factor. Keywords: N-AION, risk factor, vasculopathy
Amblyopia among Junior High School Students Kuntadi Wahyu Widadi; Suhardjo Suhardjo; Hartono Hartono
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.48

Abstract

Background: To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and correlation between the type of refractive error with the incidence of amblyopia on junior high school students in Yogyakarta Special Province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on one school in each district/city in Yogyakarta Special Province. All students underwent visual acuity, anterior segment and fundus examination. Best corrected visual acuity test was done on students with decreased visual acuity. Crowding phenomenon, neutral density filter, and eyeball alignment test were done on suspected amblyopic students. Amblyopia was defined if corrected visual acuity ≤6/12 or less in one or both eyes, or the difference of at least two best corrected visual acuity lines, without organic pathology. Results: A total of 1,664 students were examined, 1,590 were analyzed, 773 (48.6%) boys, 817 (51.4%) girls. There are 1,272 (80%) emetropia, 308 (19.4%) refractive errors, 1 (0.1%) anterior segment abnormality, 9 (0.6%) posterior segment disorders. On refractive error students obtained 359 (62.4%) eyes myopia, 2 (0.3%) eyes hyperopia, and 214 (37.2%) eyes astigmatism. Amblyopia prevalence was 1.07% (17 of 1,590 students), 8 (47.0%) boys and 9 (53.0%) girls. Astigmatism significantly affect the incidence of amblyopia, odds ratio 10.959 (95% CI: 3.189 to 37.667). The axis of astigmatism cylinder has no effect on the incidence of amblyopia. Anisometropia significantly affect the incidence of amblyopia, odds ratio 13.109 (95% CI: 4.618 to 37.208). Conclusion: Amblyopia prevalence on junior high school students in Yogyakarta Special Province was 1.07% with astigmatism and anisometropia influenced the occurrence. Keywords: Amblyopia, prevalence, refractive error, astigmatism, anisometropia
Red-Free Fundus Photograph and Fluoroscein Angiography Aggreement in Assessing Retinal Nonperfusion Area Kurniawan Chalid; Iskandar Erwin; Rini Mayang
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.50

Abstract

Background: Retinal nonperfusion area assessment in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patient is valuable to evaluate progression, therapy, and prognosis. Noninvasive method such as red free fundus photograph that has been processed using a specific program are expected to have correspondence with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), as the gold standard in assessing nonperfusion area. Methods: A cross-sectional study. 24 pairs of red free image and FFA were collected from RVO patients at Cicendo Eye Hospital selective consecutively admission from March until August 2013. Red free digital image processing was done by a technician and nonperfusion area was deliminated by a vitreoretina expert. Statistical analysis Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compared the nonperfusion area, Spearman correlation test to assessed the correlation coefficient, and the overlapping ratio was used to assessed the morphology suitability between two method. Results: Nonperfusion area analysis between two method showed no statistical difference (Zw 4.257, p=0.161, Wilcoxon) and have a high correlation(r>0.988, p=0.000, Spearman). Suitability was determined by the ratio of morphology overlap that approaches one (overlapping ratio was 0.89). Conclusion: Red free fundus photograph digital image processing has compatibility with the FFA in assessing nonperfusion area. It’s a noninvasive method, easy, safe, and can be used as an alternative for assessing nonperfusion area of RVO patients. Keywords: Nonperfusion area, red free fundus photograph, FFA, retinal vein occlusion
Additional Intraocular Surgery after Pediatric Cataract Surgery Mario R Papilaya; Feti K Memed; Andrew M Knoch
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.51

Abstract

Background: Advances in pediatric cataract surgery have led to decrease in complication rates, nevertheless additional intraocular surgery (AIS) often still required after pediatric cataract surgery to maximize the outcome. This study aims to review the clinical characteristic of children who underwent AIS in National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital Method: Patient medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Patients then divided into two groups depending on type of AIS. Group A were the children who underwent secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and group B were the children who underwent surgery to repair visual axis opacity. Result: There were 24 eyes in group A and 16 eyes in group B. Mean age at cataract surgery in group A and B were 14.7 and 41.14 months, mean age at AIS in group A and B were 73.8 and 100.3 months, mean time length were 59.6 and 57.6 months in group A and B. Patient in group A had better visual outcome compared to group B. 68.75 % eyes in group B were pseudophakic. Conclusion: Patient in group A had a younger age compared to group B, mean length time between surgery were similar in both group. Patient in group A had better BCVA compared to group B with most of the patients who need VAO surgery were pseudophakic. Keywords: Additional intraocualar surgery, pediatric cataract, secondary IOL
The Application of Training Module about School Children’s Central Vision Examination for Increasing Elementray School Teacher’s Knowledge and Skill Level to Detect Poor Visual Acuity Wijayaningrum Wijayaningrum; Trilaksana Nugraha; Sri Inakawati; Hari Peni
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 41 No 3 (2015): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v41i3.52

Abstract

Background: Uncorrected refractive error children can lead amblyopia. To improve detection of refractive error in children, active participation of primary school teachers needed. These teachers need a guidance applied in a training to detect children poor visual aquity by examining central vision. This study objective is to prove the increase of both knowledge and skill level of school teachers in examining central vision to detect children poor visual aquity after the application of training modules. Methods: This is a quasy experimental study combined with indepth interview to take qualitatif data. One group pretest and posttest design of 45 subjects (primary school teachers from Semarang) who received a book dan tutorial compact disc modules applied in a training in April, 2013. Level of knowledge measured using questionnaire and level of skill measured using checklist. Results: Results showed both knowledge and skill level before application of training modules compared to after had significant difference (Wilcoxon, p<0,005). Qualitatif data informed a few of teachers didnot applied the skill and knowledge after the training. Conclusion: There were significant increase of primary school teachers’ knowledge and skill level in examining central vision to detect children poor visual aquity after the application of training modules. Refreshing training should be scheduled periodically to maintain their knowledge and skill. Keywords: Children visual aquity, teachers detect vision, central vision training modules

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