Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Hukum Keluarga
Al-Usroh is a Scientific journal in the field of Islami Family Law that published by Islamic Family Law Program Shariah Faculty State Institue Of Islamic Religious Pontianak. This journal countains the masterpiece of writers and reserches. This journal welcomes contribution from scholars and expert in releated disciplines, especially from Islamic Family Law Scholars. Al- Usroh is published twice a year in July and December. The focus of Al-Usroh is to provide a place for students to publish the original research of their undergraduate thesis. The scope is only on Islamic Family Law related to Islamic Family Law Department.
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<![CDATA[PROBLEMATIKA MEDIASI PERKARA PERCERAIAN BERDASARKAN PENGALAMAN HAKIM MEDIATOR PADA PENGADILAN AGAMA SINGKAWANG ]]>
<![CDATA[Tika Khairunisa]]>;
<![CDATA[Dahlia Haliyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Moh. Fadhil]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.682
<![CDATA[The implementation of the study has some purpose of knowing: 1) How mediator’srole in the divorce mediation at Singkawang Religious Court. 2) How the successrate of the divorce mediation at Singkawang Religious Court. 3) What are theobstacle factors for mediator judges in the divorce mediation at SingkawangReligious Court. This study used empirical normative legal research (applied lawresearch). In addition uses a descriptive qualitative approach. This study uses twodata sources, there are primary data sources obtained from research subjects, as wellas secondary data sources consisting of primary and secondary legal materials. Thisstudy uses structured interview techniques and documentation. Data analysistechniques uses are reduction, presentation then verification the data. Then, usedtechnique of rechecking all of the data and information (member check) obtainedfrom the data collected. Through the findings obtained from the results of theanalysis of data that have been studied in this study, it can be concluded that: 1)Mediator judges in carrying out his role to reconcile the parties in divorce mediationat Singkawang Religious Court following Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of2016 on Mediation Procedures. However, the final mediation is entirely based onthe parties’ will. 2) The success rate of mediation at Singkawang Religious Courtis low. 3) Factors that inhibit mediators in mediation at Singkawang Religious Courtare difficulty of reconciling the parties who have complicated problems in thehousehold, the absence of either litigant, the absence of goodwill of the parties orone party, the parties strong desire to divorce and position of the judge as a mediatorcauses a limited quantity of mediators.]]>
<![CDATA[ASPEK YURIDIS PENYEBAB GUGATAN PERCERAIAN YANG DITOLAK DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KETAPANG KELAS II (Studi Kasus Tahun 2020) ]]>
<![CDATA[Binti Lailatul Pratiwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dahlia Haliyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Arif Wibowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.687
<![CDATA[This research was conducted to find out: 1) The reasons for the rejected divorce suit at the Ketapang Religious Court; 2) The basic juridical aspect of the judge's consideration in refusing a divorce suit. This research uses jurudical normative with a statute approach and case approach. The data source uses primary data sources in the form of divorce case decisions that were rejected at the Ketapang Religious Court totaling 8 decisions, the Civil Code, Het Herzine Indonesia Reglemen (HIR), Rechtreglement Voor de Buitengwesten (RBG).While secondary data in the form of books, articles, journals and documents related to research. Data collection in this study is by documentation. The data were then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the reason for the rejected divorce suit is because the plaintiff or applicant cannot prove the truth of the argument of his lawsuit, namely the plaintiff or applicant does not present a witness in the trial. As for the witnesses who submitted evidence did not meet the minimum limit and did not know the events that occurred. 2) The panel of judges in deciding the rejected divorce suit in accordance with the applicable laws, namely Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration articles 1 paragraphs 7 and 8, Government Regulation No. 9/1975 article 22 paragraph 2 jo. Article 76 paragraph (1) of Law Number 7 of 1989,Rechtreglement Voor de Buitengwesten (RBG)articles 171, 172, 283, 308 and 309, Het Herzine Indonesich Reglemen (HIR) articles 170 and 171, the Civil Code Articles 1905, 1909 and 1911.]]>
<![CDATA[UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN KELUARGA SAKINAH DI KALANGAN TNI DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus Keluarga Batalyon Infanteri 642/Kapuas Komisariat Kompi Senapan A Nanga Pinoh) ]]>
<![CDATA[Umroatun Mardhiyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Ardiansyah Ardiansyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.702
<![CDATA[The purpose of this research is to determine: 1) Efforts to create a harmonious family among the TNI families in the Infantry Battalion 642/Kapuas Komisariat Rifle Company A Nanga Pinoh. 2) Efforts to realize religious observance among TNI families in the 642nd Infantry Battalion/Kapuas Commissariat of A Nanga Pinoh Rifle Company. 3) Efforts to create psychological peace among the TNI families in the 642nd Infantry Battalion/Kapuas Commissariat of A Nanga Pinoh Rifle Company. 4) Efforts to realize the economy among the TNI families in the Infantry Battalion 642/Kapuas Commissariat of A Nanga Pinoh Rifle Company. This study uses a qualitative writing method in the form of field writing and an empirical approach. The data source in this study used primary data in the form of interviews with husband and wife couples in the Infantry Battalion 642/Kapuas Komisariat Rifle Company A Nanga Pinoh. Interviews, documentation, and observation are some of the data collection approaches used. Technical analysis of the data the author began to perform data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Then the technique of checking the validity of the data by using source triangulation. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The efforts made by the TNI family in realizing a harmonious family are always keeping promises to their partners, trying to always prioritize honesty with their partners, trying to be open to each other and trying to always be committed to their partners. 2) The efforts made by the TNI family in realizing religious observance are performing the five daily prayers, fasting and paying zakat. 3) The efforts made by the TNI family in realizing psychological peace are conducting positive family dialogues in daily life, avoiding violence in the family and maintaining family communication. 4) The efforts made by the TNI family in realizing the family economy are being able to manage family finances, have a simple lifestyle, have a side business and invest.]]>
<![CDATA[PELAKSANAAN PENGUKURAN ARAH KIBLAT OLEH KANTOR WILAYAH KEMENTERIAN AGAMA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT TAHUN 2016-2020 DI KOTA PONTIANAK ]]>
<![CDATA[Hesty Kesuma Putri]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Arif Wibowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.703
<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to determine the service procedures, methods and results of the accuracy of the Qibla direction implementation by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of West Kalimantan Province in 2016-2020 in Pontianak City. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Data analysis techniques are carried out in stages starting from data reduction, data presentation, conclusions and verification. Furthermore, all data were checked for validity using data triangulation and member check techniques. The results of this study indicate: 1) The service procedure for measuring the Qibla direction is stated in the SOP for the Qibla Direction Measurement Service. The SOP is included in the type of administrative SOP and the core information has met the 4W+1H criteria; 2) The implementation of the Qibla direction measurement is entirely using the theodolite method; and 3) The results of the accuracy of sixty-one mosques that have been measured and certified by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of West Kalimantan Province are 88.52% very accurate, 9.84% accurate, 1.64% inaccurate. This research is feasible because the previous researchers mainly examined the accuracy of the Qibla direction at one or more mosques in a certain location, while the researchers in this study focused on the process and results of the implementation of the Qibla direction measurement by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of West Kalimantan Province in 2016-2020 in Pontianak City.]]>
<![CDATA[CERAI GUGAT DENGAN ALASAN SYIQAQ (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NOMOR:526/PDT.G/2020/PA.SRY PENGADILAN AGAMA SUNGAI RAYA KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA) ]]>
<![CDATA[Jamaludin Jamaludin]]>;
<![CDATA[Marluwi Marluwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sa'dulloh Muzammil]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.704
<![CDATA[الغرض من الدراسة : 1) ا هو الأساس القانوني لقرار لجنة اة اي ايا الدينية الفصل الطلاق 526 /Pdt.G/2020 / PA.Sry. ا ا. 2) ا ار القضاة الطلاق المرفوعة ليه الدعوى رقم 526 /Pdt.G/2020 / PA.Sry، انظر بشأن الطلاق لى اس الصديق اي ايا الدينية. الدراسة البحث النوعي البحث المستخدم انوني الحالة. يستخدم مصدر بيانات هذا البحث مصادر البيانات الأولية في شكل مقابلات مع أحد قضاة محكمة سونغاي رايا الدينية الذي تم تحديد موضوعه, ثم مصادر البيانات الثانوية من الكتب والمجلات واللوائح والقرارات وغيرها من المصادر التي يمكن أن تكمل هذا البحث. التقنية المستخدمة انات البحث المقابلات التوثيق. الجة البيانات لدى الباحث ليل البيانات ا استخلاص النتائج. البيانات التحقق الأعضاء. اءً على التحليل الذي اه الباحثون استنتاج ا لي: 1) الأساس القانوني لمراعاة اة اي ايا الدينية الفصل الطلاق الل ا . الحكم لى المدعى ليه الطلاق احد الصغرى بناءً لى المادة 19 (و) اللائحة الحكومية 9 لعام 1975 الاقتران المادة 116 (و) الحرف (ال) . ا القضاة القاعدة. لك افت القضاة اساً انونياً المحكمة العليا 38 / / / 1990 اريخ 5 1991 استكمل اء الخبراء ا الكتاب . 2) ار القضاة التقاضي لى اس الصديق الأساس القانوني النسبة للطلاق لأن الردة للقلاق الأساس الشرعي للطلاق لأن الردة للقلاق الأساس الشرعي للطلاق لا ال العدة الحة للزوجة السابقة. الثاً: اية الطفل. ابعًا لا ال الأب لزمًا لقمة العيش لطفله الرشد (21 امًا). امساً: الملكية المشتركة. لا ال الأب لزمًا لقمة العيش لطفله الرشد (21 امًا). امساً: الملكية المشتركة. لا ال الأب لزمًا لقمة العيش لطفله الرشد (21 امًا). امساً: الملكية المشتركة.]]>
<![CDATA[WEWENANG NADZIR PERORANGAN DAN YAYASAN UNTUK MENGELOLA TANAH WAKAF DITINJAU MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG WAKAF DAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 42 TAHUN 2006 TENTANG PELAKSANAAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2004 ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurfitriah Nurfitriah]]>;
<![CDATA[Marluwi Marluwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Arif Wibowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.705
<![CDATA[نبذة مختصرة كانت أهداف الدراسة هي تحديد: 1) سلطة النظير الفردي في إدارة أرض الوقف المخصصة لبناء مسجد الروضة في قرية بانجكا بيليتونج لاوت ، جنوب شرق مقاطعة بونتياناك بموجب القانون رقم 41 لعام 2004 واللوائح الحكومية رقم 42 لسنة 2006 ؛ 2) سلطة مؤسسة عبد الرحمن صالح في إدارة أراضي الوقف المخصصة لبناء مسجد الروضة في قرية بانجكا بيليتونج لاوت ، جنوب شرق مقاطعة بونتياناك بموجب القانون رقم 41 لعام 2004 واللائحة الحكومية رقم 42 لعام 2006 ؛ 3) إحداث نزاع بين نظير الفردي ومؤسسة عبد الرحمن صالح بونتياناك في إدارة أرض الوقف. تستخدم هذه الدراسة أسلوب البحث الوصفي النوعي بنوع قانوني تجريبي ومنهج تشريعي. مصادر البيانات الأولية لهذا البحث هي نظير الروضة الحالية ، ولجنة بناء المساجد ، ورئيس مكتب الشؤون الدينية بجنوب شرق بونتياناك ، والتشريع في شكل القانون رقم 41 لعام 2004 واللائحة الحكومية رقم 42 لعام 2006 ، ثم مصادر البيانات الثانوية المستخدمة هي الكتب والمجلات والإنترنت. كانت تقنيات جمع البيانات في هذا البحث هي الملاحظة والمقابلات والتوثيق. وأسلوب تحليل البيانات المستخدم يقوم الباحث بتقليل البيانات وعرضها والتحقق منها / الاستنتاج. نتائج هذه الدراسة: 1) مارس الفرد نظير سلطته في إدارة أراضي الوقف بناءً على القانون رقم 41 لعام 2004 المادة 13 ولائحة الحكومة رقم 42 لعام 2006 المادة 9 الفقرة 4. 2) بناءً على القانون رقم 41 لسنة 2004 ولائحة الحكومة رقم 42 لسنة 2006 ، فإن مؤسسة عبد الرحمن صالح ليس لها سلطة على أرض الوقف. لأنه تم تسليم أرض الوقف إلى النظير لتديرها على أساس الغرض منها كما هو مذكور في سند الرهن. 3) الجهل بسلطته كنظير ورئيس المؤسسة بسبب عدم التنشئة الاجتماعية للأنظمة التي تحكم ، ونقص التوجيه من الوزير ومجلس الوقف الإندونيسي للنظير. من هذين السببين ، العوامل التي تجعل الخلاف النظير بين النظير والمؤسسة في العمل. لأنه تم تسليم أرض الوقف إلى النظير لتديرها على أساس الغرض منها كما هو مذكور في سند الرهن. 3) الجهل بسلطته كنظير ورئيس المؤسسة بسبب عدم التنشئة الاجتماعية للأنظمة التي تحكم ، ونقص التوجيه من الوزير ومجلس الوقف الإندونيسي للنظير. من هذين السببين ، العوامل التي تجعل الخلاف النظير بين النظير والمؤسسة في العمل. لأنه تم تسليم أرض الوقف إلى النظير لتديرها على أساس الغرض منها كما هو مذكور في سند الرهن. 3) الجهل بسلطته كنظير ورئيس المؤسسة بسبب عدم التنشئة الاجتماعية للأنظمة التي تحكم ، ونقص التوجيه من الوزير ومجلس الوقف الإندونيسي للنظير. من هذين السببين ، العوامل التي تجعل الخلاف النظير بين النظير والمؤسسة في العمل.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP ISBAT NIKAH YANG AKAD NIKAHNYA OLEH WALI HAKIM (STUDI PENETAPAN PENGADILAN AGAMA NANGA PINOH, NOMOR:56//PDT.P/2020/PA.NGP) ]]>
<![CDATA[Reja Reja]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Hasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Hakimah]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.706
<![CDATA[The purpose of the study is to find out: 1. How is the juridical analysis of the applicant's arguments in submitting the marriage isbat on a copy of the determination of the Nanga Pinoh Religious Court Number ; 6//Pdt.P/2020/PA.Ngp 2. How is the juridical analysis of the judge's legal considerations in marriage isbat on a copy of the determination of the Nanga Pinoh Religious Court Number ; 56/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Ngp. This research uses a qualitative normative juridical research method. Sources of data in this study usingsecondary data obtained from official documents, books related to the object of research, namely a copy of the determination of the religious court Number: 56/Pdt.p/2020/PA.Ngp research results in the form of reports, theses, and statutory regulations law. The technique used to collect data is document study. In technical data analysis, the researcher performs technical content analysis (content analysis). Content analysis is a systematic study of records or documents as sources of data. Based on the analysis conducted, the researcher concludes that in submitting the arguments of the applicant in submitting a marriage isbat, in marriage the applicant uses a guardian judge that is not in accordance with the regulations with the Director General of Community Guidance Number 1 of 2015andPMA Number 30 of 2005, and the reasons for the applicants submitting the marriage certificate to obtain a marriage certificate and for making the applicant's child birth certificate which is not in accordance with the Compilation of Islamic Law Article 7 paragraph 3. AndThe consideration of the Nanga Pinoh Religious Court judge in determining the marriage isbat at number 56/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Ngp did not pay attention to the facts revealed by the trial such asjudge's position, so that the panel of judges only considered from the sociological aspect, namely in order to create benefit without paying attention to the philosophical aspect, namely legal justice and the juridical aspect, namely legal certainty, so that it does not fulfill these three elements, then a determination will be not good.]]>
<![CDATA[MAHAR DAN UANG ASAP PERNIKAHAN ETNIS MADURA (Studi Kasus Siantan Tengah Kecamatan Pontianak Utara) ]]>
<![CDATA[Bunasan Bunasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Dahlia Haliyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Arif Wibowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.718
<![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to find out: 1) To find out the procedures for determining the dowry and smoke money of Madurese ethnicity in Siantan Tengah, North Pontianak District. 2) To find out the law of dowry and smoked money according to Islamic law. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The source of data in this study is primary data where researchers take information from informants such as people who are experienced (experienced) and are in that situation. Techniques used to collect interview data, document study. In technical data analysis, the researcher uses data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. Then check the validity of the data, re-check. Based on the analysis conducted by the researcher: 1) The procedure for determining the dowry, the smoked money of the Madurese Central Siantan ethnic, North Pontianak District with several stages, including a meeting of the two parties to negotiate (deliberation) after that, to reach a consensus. 2) Dowry in Islamic law is obligatory in giving but may not say because dowry is not included in the pillars of marriage. 3) Smoked money in Islamic law Al-urf where Urf is divided into two parts, Urf sahih (good), Urf fasid (bad), from this smoke money is included in Urf sahih (good).]]>
<![CDATA[TRADISI FENOK-FENOK DAN MELENG MANDRE LALENG BOCOK PADA PERNIKAHAN SUKU BUGIS MENURUT TOKOH AGAMA ISLAM TELUK PAKEDAI DUA ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Sulianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Marluwi Marluwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sa'dullah Muzammil]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.719
<![CDATA[The objectives of this study were: 1) To find out the implementation of the Fenok-Fenok and Meleng Mandre Laleng Bocok Traditions at the Bugis Tribe's traditional wedding in Teluk Pakedai Dua Village: 2) To find out the beliefs of the people of Teluk Pakedai Dua Village if the FenokFenok and Meleng Mandre Laleng Bocok Traditions in Bugis Tribe traditional marriages are not carried out: 3) To find out the views of religious leaders in Teluk Pakedai Dua Village about the Fenok-Fenok and Meleng Mandre Laleng Bocok Tradition at the Bugis Tribe of Teluk Pakedai Dua Village. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach in order to reveal the state of the research object as it is based on the data collected at the time the research was conducted. The data sources of this research consist of primary sources and secondary sources, namely: 1) The primary data used in this study is information on indigenous people and residents who have carried out the Fenok-Fenok Tradition and the Meleng Mandre Laleng Bocok Tradition in Teluk Pakedai District, Teluk Pakedai Dua Village: 2) Sources of secondary data are obtained from texts, marriage books, scientific journals, previous research, websites and the community of Teluk Pakedai Dua village. The data collection technique used by the researcher was in the form of interviews. To analyze the data, researchers used data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Based on the analysis conducted, the researchers concluded that: 1) The procedure in implementing the Fenok-Fenok and Meleng Mandre Laleng Bocok Tradition, the Bugis community of Teluk Pakedai Dua Village, has the potential to cause conflict in Islam which in the implementation of this tradition uses offerings, where these offerings have the potential to cause shirk when viewed from the point of view of Islamic law: 2) The belief of the Bugis people of Teluk Pakedai Dua Village has been passed down for generations in believing in the Fenok-Fenok and Meleng Mandre Laleng Bocok Tradition if they do not carry out this tradition, they will get interference from supernatural beings such as trance, and the appearance of spirits often occurs: 3) The views of religious leaders (Ustadz) of Teluk Pakedai Dua village on the Fenok-Fenok and Meleng Mandre Laleng Bocok Tradition do not conflict with Islamic law because everything depends on intentions. The impact of this research is expected to be a reference material and study material for the community and researchers who are in research.]]>
<![CDATA[PERTIMBANGAN HUKUM HAKIM TERHADAP PERKARA DISPENSASI NIKAH (Studi Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1-A Pontianak Nomor 42/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Ptk) ]]>
<![CDATA[Nugrahanto Nugrahanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Dahlia Haliyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Moh. Fadhil]]>
<![CDATA[ Al-Usroh Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Hukum Keluarga Islam ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak ]]>
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DOI: 10.24260/al-usroh.v2i2.721
<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to find out what are the basic sociological considerations and what factors cause sociological considerations to judge the considerations of the Religious Court Class 1-A Pontianak, in granting or rejecting the case of the marriage dispensation. Researchers use qualitative research methods with the type of field research (field research), namely research to solve problems and find theories based on verification of data collected in the field. The normative juridical approach, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data as the basis for research, by conducting a search on regulations and previous research relating to the problem under study. The results of the study show that: the basis of sociological considerations is to maintain or prevent a bigger problem from occurring, according to the fiqh rule that preventing damage is prioritized over bringing good, this pregnant woman candidate cannot be separated from the basic considerations by the judges even though it is not stated in the determination of considerations , also do not merely become pregnant as a marriage dispensation granted. There are several factors of sociological consideration of the judges of the Pontianak Religious Court class 1-A in determining the case of marriage dispensation. Among other things: the circumstances, the closeness between the prospective husband and wife and the agreement or agreement on the rights of a child.]]>
