Journal of International Relations Studies
Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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<![CDATA[KERJA SAMA INDONESIA - AUSTRALIA MELALUI PROGRAM MAMPU ]]>
<![CDATA[Fayzah Anggana Abhirama]]>;
<![CDATA[Ika Riswanti Putranti]]>;
<![CDATA[Marten Hanura]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35522
<![CDATA[Empowerment of women and gender equality is still major concern. This issue is still difficult to overcome due to the lack of public awareness about the importance of this issue in Indonesia. Seeing this, Australia, which has a higher awareness of women, invites cooperation with Indonesia through the MAMPU (Maju Perempuan for Poverty Reduction) Program. The collaboration aims to provide women with access to essential services and proper rights. By using liberal feminist theory and the concept of bilateral cooperation, this study has the main argument that the running of the capable program (2012-2020) has been running according to these theories and concepts. The findings of this study are that MAMPU Program has fulfilled liberal feminist theory by making women psychologically aware that they have rights and opportunities which also resulted in several legal changes in Indonesia regarding women, with this Indonesia-Australia cooperation has also run according to the concept of cooperation. bilateral because the response from both countries to the MAMPU Program was very good.]]>
<![CDATA[Motif Indonesia Tidak Meratifikasi Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage, and Registration of Marriages ]]>
<![CDATA[Desy Ramadhani]]>;
<![CDATA[Ika Riswanti Putranti]]>;
<![CDATA[Marten Hanura]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.36105
<![CDATA[Child marriage is an issue that is of concern to the international community because it is considered to have many negative impacts. Therefore, conventions and organizations that discuss child marriage have started to emerge, one of which is the Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage, and Registration of Marriages. Based on data from UNFPA, Indonesia is the eighth country with the highest child marriage rate in the world. However, with the high rate of child marriage in Indonesia, the Indonesian government has not ratified this convention. In this study, the author seeks to find out the reasons why Indonesia is not ratifying this convention yet. This paper will use cultural relativism concept, patriarchy concept, and rational choice theory.]]>
<![CDATA[Upaya Pemerintah Tiongkok Melalui Kerjasama Internasional Dalam Menangani Kejahatan Perdagangan Pengantin (Bride Trafficking) ]]>
<![CDATA[Ayu Puspita Rani]]>;
<![CDATA[Dr. Dra. Reni Windiani, M.S.]]>;
<![CDATA[Anjani Tri Fatharini, S.IP., M.A.]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.36123
<![CDATA[Bride trafficking is a phenomenon in China where women from outside of China, such as Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, even Indonesia become the victims of human trafficking to become brides against their will. The traffickers, disguised as marriage brokers lure the victims by promising them a well-paid jobs and better life compared to their life and job at home countries. A question then rises: how is the Chinese’s government effort in tackling bride trafficking? This research seeks to answer how is the Chinese’s government effort in tackling bride trafficking with the theory of International Cooperation. The argument of this research, the efforts done by Chinese’s government are cooperating in bilateral, multilateral and regional levels. The result of this research shows that the efforts taken by Chinese government to tackle bride trafficking are cooperating in bilateral level with Indonesia and Vietnam; acceeded UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol in multilateral level; and signed the MoU with Mekong countries in regional level. This research suggests for the Chinese government to strengthen the cooperations in order to narrow the space for the bride traffickers. Another suggestion, aimed for the future research is to pay more attention on the efforts to save the trafficked brides and their welfare after being released from the trafficking situation. This research uses qualitative research methods and data collection is done through literature study, from books, journals, articles, and websites.]]>
<![CDATA[Integrasi Faktor Struktur dan Domestik dalam Kebijakan Jaringan Bersih 5G Amerika Serikat pada Masa Pemerintahan Donald Trump ]]>
<![CDATA[Advenia Prihatini Widyaningrum]]>;
<![CDATA[Ika Riswanti Putranti]]>;
<![CDATA[Marten Hanura]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35488
<![CDATA[The development of 5G technology has become a new realm in the technological competition between the United States and China. This technology competition focuses on competing for dominance of global core technologies, which can provide economic benefits through standard setting, patents, and global supply chains. Huawei, a technology company from China, is said to have dominated 5G development based on the number of patents and company spending on research and development of this internet network. The United States as a first-mover country that for decades has led the development of global internet network technology, is facing challenges with Huawei's rapid development in the development of 5G technology. The escalation of competition has increased with the designation of Huawei as a threat to the United States by President Donald Trump. The Clean Network policy initiative was also later issued by the Trump administration to block Huawei's 5G network in America. This initiative was also used to lobby allied countries to join this policy. This raises questions about the factors driving the establishment of the Clean Network policy as a response to United States' concerns about the leadership of Chinese tech companies in 5G development. This research uses Neoclassical Realism theory to explain the factors causing the choice of the Clean Network policy as the United States' response to pressure from the leadership of Chinese companies. This theory will combine the analysis of international and domestic structures in understanding the behavior of the United States.]]>
<![CDATA[INDIA-US STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP SEBAGAI UPAYA INDIA MENGAMANKAN WILAYAH PERBATASAN DENGAN TIONGKOK ]]>
<![CDATA[Vania Bunga Widhianingsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Reni Windiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Fendy Eko Wahyudi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35861
<![CDATA[China has been India’s major trading partner for five consecutive years since 2013. India and China have formed cooperation agreements in several sectors such as trade, investment, and infrastructure. However, the bilateral relation between India and China has been fractured since the border conflict re-occurred in 2017. The Border conflict make India wants to reduce economic cooperation with China. In the end, India's perception of the cooperation has led India to make a new strategy to increase independence and reduce China's economic dominance. India's effort to reduce cooperation with China is supported by increasing the economic cooperation with the United States through the "India-US Strategic Partnership." The theory used to answer the formulation of the problem is the Theory of Rational Choice, proposed by Charles W. Kegley and Shannon L. Balton in 2008 and using qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that India’s decision to increase cooperation with United States is supported by several factors including security and economic factors.]]>
<![CDATA[REALISME DAN ABSENNYA KEPEMIMPINAN GLOBAL: SITUASI KERJA SAMA INTERNASIONAL PADA WABAH VIRUS EBOLA DAN CORONA ]]>
<![CDATA[Mergera Akbar Sinergi Putra Agung]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Faizal Alfian]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.36597
<![CDATA[An outbreak of a disease or plague is a phenomenon in which a dangerous viral genome spreads and infects various individuals both domestically and internationally. At a more infectious stage, the spread of this disease can be classified into two categories; namely epidemic and pandemic. In early 2014 the Ebola virus originating from Africa spread in various regions in Africa and internationally, eventually causing the Ebola virus epidemic. Then in early 2020 the Corona virus or COVID-19 originating from Tiongkok spread to various regions in Tiongkok and internationally until finally causing the Corona virus pandemic. With this event, the international community should be able to work together to handle so that the spread of these two viruses can be reduced and finally controlled. However, when the spread of the Ebola and Corona viruses occurred, the international cooperation that took place seemed not optimal and was unable to handle the events that occurred. This study will analyze this by using the question “Why is international cooperation in dealing with outbreaks of infectious viruses such as Ebola and Corona difficult to do?”. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that make international cooperation difficult to carry out despite the outbreak of dangerous viruses such as Ebola and Corona. This study uses an explanative qualitative research type. The main argument of this research is that the condition of the world without global leadership and the anarchic culture of international relations has resulted in non-optimal international cooperation in dealing with the Ebola and Corona virus outbreaks.]]>
<![CDATA[SERIGALA BERBULU DOMBA : DAMPAK KERJASAMA EKONOMI CINA-MADAGASKAR PADA PEKERJA ANAK PERTAMBANGAN MIKA ]]>
<![CDATA[Ratu Fadilah Audzitni Rao]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35545
<![CDATA[China and Madagascar established diplomatic relation since 1972 with sharing One China Policy among African nations as the main agenda. In 1990’s a significant shift occurred in Madagascar economic system where the Madagascar government decided to liberalized its economic system and it bring a massive change between China-Madagascar relation. It began from Development Assistant where China began to support aid to Madagascar for its development, from loan, education, assistance and any other aid were given to Madagascar with some requirements specially to open its trade, market and support economic cooperation between both countries. Therefore the cooperation between both countries changed and focus more on economic cooperation. Madagascar which rich for its natural resources spark interest among Chinese investors. Chinese entrepreneurs and companies began investing and cooperate in mining Madagascar’s natural resources especially mica. Mica itself is one of mineral that processed through mining, it could be found in everyday life from the makeup that we wear to electronic stuff. In 2017 Madagascar mica export to China reach up to 87%, the mica mostly sent to big companies such as Ningbo Ram Eletric Material Ltd, Dongguan City Non Cloud Mines Ltd and other and the number keep increasing. Investigation in 2019 found out that there is massive exploitation in mica industries. There are more than 10.000 mica mines child laborers that started from 4 years old in Madagascar, they work without any security check and guard from the companies and experiencing wages and other exploitation. Previously there has been some researches about mica mining by child laborers in Madagascar but none of the researches intertwines the connection between China-Madagascar cooperation with the child laborers in Madagascar. This qualitative research with desk research method aims to explain how China-Madagascar Cooperation rises mica mines child laborers and international response related to the issue. This research uses the dependency theory to explain the research result which mica cooperation between the two countries increase mica child labour in Madagaskar.]]>
<![CDATA[All Under Heaven; Analisis Diplomasi COVID-19 Tiongkok di Fase Awal Krisis Pandemi ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyu Setiyo Aji]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.36191
<![CDATA[ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic is a shared threat that results in a multidimensional crisis. However, the response of countries was contrary to what was expected. During a pandemic crisis — at a time when international solidarity is urgently needed — countries are on the contrary “inward-looking”. The only country that emerged in the early phase of the pandemic crisis and offered assistance in handling the global pandemic was China. This raises questions about China's motives and reasons for providing foreign aid. Why did China emerge as a donor when other countries did the opposite?Culture significantly influences the direction of China's foreign policy. This can be seen in his political behavior and foreign policies issued. The provision of foreign aid in handling the Chinese pandemic is also based on traditional Chinese values, that's why this study uses Zhao Tingyang's Tianxia theory which tries to build China's view of international relations based on traditional Chinese values.How China views the world is conceptualized in the Tianxia theory. China's foreign aid for pandemic recovery believes in the concepts of internalization of world order, relational relativity, and Confucianism Improvement. These values belong only to China, which explains why China has emerged as a differentiator on the international stage.This study shows that unconventional IR theory is not just an alternative but an appropriate analytical tool to analyze specific issues. Future research is expected to find gaps in international relations and contribute to a new understanding of issues in international politics. ]]>
<![CDATA[Perjuangan Menyelamatkan Muka: Strategi-Strategi Tiongkok Dalam Memulihkan Citra Akibat Covid-19 ]]>
<![CDATA[Shamira Tridarysa Fathia]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Rosyidin]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Faizal Alfian]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.36124
<![CDATA[The outbreak of COVID-19 has made China's image deteriorate into an unfavourable view. The government cannot waive this problem. Sectors such as but not limited to economics, anti-China sentiment, and the bullied Chinese diaspora has impacted. Therefore, China must have strategies that can restore its image internationally. Based on the background of the problem, the research question is how are China's strategies in restoring its country image due to the COVID-19 pandemic? To answer this question, the author uses the conceptual framework of Diamond and McDonald's Multi-Track Diplomacy. It then argues that China uses the strategies in the Multi-Track Diplomacy operating tracks one (government) and nine (media and communication) to restore its image. This study finds that China carries those strategies in tracks one and nine to recover their image by image building. The type of data used in this research is qualitative and analysed using narrative data analysis methods.]]>
<![CDATA[Aktualisasi Arbeiter Samariter Bund dalam Bidang Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Inklusif di Provinsi Jawa Tengah ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Jaffar Rachmaditya]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermini Susiatiningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Faizal Alfian]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 8 Nomor 4, Tahun 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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DOI: 10.14710/jirud.v8i4.35491
<![CDATA[Central Java is one of the provinces that occupies the first position which is said to be a disaster laboratory in Indonesia. However, the Central Java BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency) is still lacking in capacity building in the field of inclusive disaster management. Therefore, the Central Java Government cooperates with an INGO, namely ASB (Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund). The reason is that one of ASB's focuses is inclusive disaster risk reduction. Both nationally and internationally, the participation of persons with disabilities is seen as the key in increasing inclusive disaster management capacity. Based on these problems, it is interesting to study the role of ASB in including DRR in order to increase the capacity of the Central Java BPBD and the participation of persons with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of INGOs in capacity building through international collaboration with local governments in the field of inclusive disaster risk reduction. This study uses 3 concepts as an analytical tool, namely International Cooperation, inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction, and Capacity in Disaster Risk Reduction. The author uses qualitative research methods with analytical descriptive type. The results of this study indicate that ASB's role in providing insight creates a positive impact in the field of inclusive disaster risk reduction for both persons with disabilities and related institutions, which changes conditions that were initially vulnerable to capacity.]]>
