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Tofan Dwi Hardjanto
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Lexicon
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 23022558     EISSN : 27462668     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lexicon
Core Subject : Humanities, Education,
Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
Lexicon, Journal of English Language and Literature, is an open access, peer reviewed, academic journal published by the English Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada in cooperation with the English Studies Association in Indonesia (ESAI). It is devoted primarily to the publication of studies on English language and literature. It publishes original articles written exclusively in English twice a year in April and October. Manuscript submission is free of charge and open all year round to any author all across the globe.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 2 (2018)" : 12 Documents clear
Hierarchy of Expressive Culture in Birdman Dhania Putri Sarahtika; Nur Saktiningrum
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41304

Abstract

Despite the accolades that it has received, Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) has not been thoroughly studied in the academic sphere. This research attempts to examine the hierarchy of expressive culture portrayed in the screenplay of Birdman using Lawrence W. Levine’s theory (1988) of cultural hierarchy. A sociological approach by Swingewood & Laurenson (1972) is applied to see the work’s relation to the society. Firstly there is highbrow/lowbrow categorization, followed by an analysis of the challenges to the hierarchy; each process includes comparison between the findings and the reality in the present-day American society to see their resemblance.
Grammatical Errors Produced by UGM English Department Students Ikhwanuddin Hasan; Aris Munandar
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41305

Abstract

This research attempts to identify the grammatical errors produced by students of the English Department of UGM year 2012 in their final paper of the writing class. In particular, it attempts to classify the errors based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy proposed by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982). The data used in this research were taken from the submitted assignments of the English Department students of Universitas Gadjah Mada year 2012 in General English, particularly nine students in writing class. We found 178 errors in fourteen linguistic categories which are divided into four parts: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. From all the four parts, we discovered that the most frequent errors found are in the part of misformation (97 errors; 54.49%), followed by omission (38 errors; 31.11%), misordering (22 errors; 12.78%), and addition (20 errors; 11.11%). However, in the linguistic categories, the three most frequent errors found are misformation of verbal (30 errors), misordering of complex sentence (20 errors), and omission of determiner (19 errors).
Refusal Strategies in Two Harry Potter Movies Winny Permataningtyas; Thomas Joko Priyo Sembodo
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41578

Abstract

This research investigates refusal acts and the strategies used in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets movies. It aims to identify what types of refusal acts are used by the characters in the movies and how they are expressed throughout the movies. The data were obtained from the two movies. A total of 91 refusals and 12 adjuncts were found in the movies. The results indicate that indirect refusals were more commonly used (65%) than direct refusals (35%). However, the direct strategy negative willingness/ability is the most commonly used (26%), followed by the indirect strategies Attempt to dissuade interlocutor (21%) and Reason/Explanation (18%). The findings seem to suggest that the characters in the Harry Potter movies tend to express their refusals indirectly, especially through persuasion and explanation.
Popular Formulas in Sara Shepard's Pretty Little Liars Pratiwi Wiranti; Rahmawan Jatmiko
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41624

Abstract

This study investigates the popular formulas found in Sara Shepard’s novel entitled Pretty Little Liars and examines how the popular formulas contributes to the success of the novel. In order to meet these objectives, this paper adopts the theory of popular genre and John G. Cawelti’s approach to popular formulas. This research is a library research where the primary data were obtained from the novel. Furthermore, other books related to popular formulas and online information from credible sources were also consulted. The results of the study show that the popular formulas in Pretty Little Liars include gothic romance, questioning sexuality, sibling rivalry, self-esteem issues, and forbidden love.
The Clash of Culture in Neil Gaiman's American Gods Naya Fauzia Dzikrina; Achmad Munjid
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41674

Abstract

This research aims to examine the portrayal of cultural clash in Neil Gaiman’s novel, American Gods. More specifically, this research aims to identify what cultures are clashing and why they clash, and also to understand how the situation of cultural clash affects the lives and attitudes of the characters. This research also explores how the novel relates to cases of cultural clash happening in the current American society. This research is conducted using the framework of several sociological theories to understand the different forms of effects of cultural clash. The main issue presented in the novel is the conflict between the old gods, who represent society’s traditional beliefs, and the new gods, who represent the shift of culture in modern America. This conflict symbolizes how the two ideals, tradition and modernity, are competing in the American society today. The challenges the old gods face can also be seen as a portrayal of the immigrant experience, where they experience effects of cultural clash also commonly experienced by immigrants: cultural displacement, identity crisis, and conflict. The main finding of this research is that a person or group who experiences cultural clash will face a struggle where they must compromise or negotiate their cultural identity in order to be part of their current community. This is done as a way to survive and thrive in their environment.
Sarcastic Expressions in Two American Movies Emhasib Sandi Bachtiar; Tofan Dwi Hardjanto
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41723

Abstract

This study investigates the sarcastic utterances found in two American movies. The data for the research were dialogues containing sarcastic expressions found in the movies Fantastic Four (2005) and its sequel Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2008). The data were analyzed and categorized according to their forms using Camp’s theory (2011). The sarcastic utterances were also classified according to their functions using Leech’s theory (1983). The results indicate that in terms of form, illocutionary sarcasm (60%) was most frequently used by the characters in the movies, which suggests that the characters in the movies tend to express their sarcasm through illocutions. In terms of function, sarcasm in the movies was more commonly (56%) used for collaborative purposes. The results of the research also suggest that there has to be a clear context in understanding sarcastic expressions, and the interlocutors must share some sufficient common ground in employing sarcasm.
Annemarie Johansen’s Stages of Growing up: Lois Lowry’s Number the Stars as a Bildungsroman Dinar Tri Nugraheni; Bernadus Hidayat
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41816

Abstract

This research examines Lois Lowry’s Number the stars, focusing on the development of Annemarie Johansen’s self-awareness and personality trait from the stage of immaturity into maturity. In line with the topic of research, the formalist approach was used as the main theoretical approach. The library research was used in collecting the data. To point out every crucial stage of Annemarie Johansen’s growing up process, the definition of Bildungsroman proposed by Dilthey (1985) was applied. The results reveal that Annemarie Johansen goes through stages of growing up processes from her immaturity into maturity throughout violent and dangerous times. The results also show that during her self-growth, Annemarie Johansen gradually develops her self-awareness and personal trait of being a courageous girl in order to survive in the harsh reality and she manages to save her good friend, Ellen, from the plan of Nazi persecution of Jews during the German occupation. Finally, she transforms herself from an innocent and frightened girl into a brave girl in a brief period.
Irregular Word Formation of Lexical Innovations in James Dashner’s The Maze Runner Dhyani Natasha Kartikasari; Ni Gusti Ayu Roselani
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41853

Abstract

This study investigates lexical innovations in The maze runner by James Dashner (2010), especially in terms of irregular word-formation techniques. 34 units of lexical innovations were found and classified according to their word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and exclamations. The analysis focuses mainly on the examination of the word-formation processes undergone by the lexical units. The results reveal that four irregular word-formation techniques were used in the coinage of the new lexicon: compounding with left-headedness, compounding with unrecognizable constituent, compounding with irregular combination, and rhyming.
Blending in Advertisements for Events Salsabila Bunga Sangsthita; Rio Rini Diah Moehkardi
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.42012

Abstract

Blending is often used in copywriting since the construction of the new words in blending is eye-catching. This paper investigates how blends are constructed in advertisements for events. The data for the research were obtained from advertisements for events held in Yogyakarta from 2014 to 2017. The data were analyzed using Hosseinzadeh’s (2014) classification to determine the type of blends by reconstructing them and which type the most frequently used. The results show that 50 blends were found in the advertisements. Blends belonging to Types 1, 2, 3, 5 were used almost equally frequently, i.e., 22%, 20%, 20%, 28% respectively. Only two Type 4 blends (4%) were found and Types 6 and 7 blends were not found at all. However, three new blends were found (6%).
Metaphors in Adhitia Sofyan’s Songs Meidia Rea Smithiana; Sharifah Hanidar
Lexicon Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.42040

Abstract

This research examines the metaphors used by Adhitia Sofyan in his songs. The data used in this research were Adhitia Sofyan’s song lyrics taken from four different albums: Quiet Down (2009), Forget Your Plans (2010), How to Stop Time (2014), and Silver Painted Radiance (2016). The data were analyzed using the theory of conceptual metaphor proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The results show that the chosen song lyrics contain three kinds of metaphors: structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors. In addition, the messages Adhitia Sofyan wants to convey by using the metaphors are mostly about love towards a sweetheart, an ex-girlfriend, a mother, and God. The metaphors in the songs are also used to express feelings such as loneliness, regrets, hope, and despair.

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