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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
Website

Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Study of Antigenicity and Immunogenicity Gra1 Protein from Toxoplasma gondii Subekti, Didik T
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Toxoplasmosis is known as zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection. This microorganism has ability to evade immune system by forming parasitophorus vacuole (PV) formed through the phagosome vacuole modification by secreting dense granule protein (GRA). Among GRAs protein, GRA1 was selected as candidate for vaccine development. However, it remains controvercial whether the protein has adequate antigenicity and strong immunogenicity which are suitable for vaccine candidate. Some researcher reported that DNA vaccine of GRA1 was able to induce cellular mediated immunity and proinflamatoric humoral immunity. In fact, another study demonstrated that GRA1 protein was only antigenic based on their molecular weight and bioinformatic analysis.The other studies also showed that GRA1 was considered as weak immunogen based on bioinformatic studies. The ability of GRA1 protein to stimulate immune responses, both humoral and cellular mediated immunity were seemly caused by adjuvant. Â Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, GRA1, cellular mediated immunity, humoral immunity

Formation of Integrated Sheep Village as Effort to Bring Livestock Technology to Farms Community ., Isbandi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Establishing of âIntegrated Sheep Villageâ is one of the dissemination models as well as the media to introduce the technology to farmer. The model can be used as an effort to bring the technologies that have been produced by IRIAP to users (stakeholders). Indonesia Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) has introduced a livestock production model known as "Integrated Sheep Village" in the region of Pandeglang, Banten Province. Through âIntegrated Sheep Villageâ model, farmers are expected to adopt the technology that suits to local condition. Synergy of cooperation and coordination with Research Agency in the area that is AIAT, and local District Animal Husbandry Office, as well as other related institutions became the main model in its development. The model has been successfully done through technology assistance activities as livestock development efforts. Through site-specific technology package that is easy to apply, this model is expected to provide services and to disseminate of research findings optimally to the public. Besides, the model is expected to become Village Breeding Centre to develope certain livestock. Â Key words: Sheep village, sheep, assistance, technology

The Character of Influenza Virus the H7 Subtype and Alert to Novel Influenza Virus H7N9 Subtype Virus Dharmayanti, NLP Indi; S, Bahri
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Influenza virus subtype H7 influenza viruses as well as other influenza virus geographically divided into two distinct genetic lineages, North American (H7N2, H7N3) or Eurasian (H7N7 and H7N3). Unlike the AI virus subtypes H5, since 1997 until now, all the infections caused by the H5 virus has Neuraminidase subtype 1 but H7 subtype of AI virus that transmitted successfully to humans have variety of Neuraminidase, so it seems compatible with H7 subtype. In poultry, the H7 subtype of AI virus typically causes mild symptoms, although there are also several outbreaks caused by this subtype virus, so it did not cause panic and active surveillance activities to identify this virus. It is very different from the H5N1 virus which caused many deaths and losses in poultry that infected with H5N1 virus so that it can be identified quickly. In April 2013, China reported a new AI virus is novel H7N9 which resulted in several people died. The world became aware of the H7N9 virus spreading to outside from China, it takes vigilance to be able to anticipate the disease, including Indonesia. Analysis of novel H7N9 virus showed that all genes of the virus is of avian origin, and the three other genes of the virus are reassorment from six internal genes of the AI virus A (H9N2) A/brambling/Beijing/16/2012, HA gene derived from A/duck/Zhejiang/12/2011 (H7N3), and NA genes thought to have come from A/wildbird/Korea/A14/2011 (H7N9). Epidemiological studies show that 77% of people infected by H7N9 have direct or indirect contact with animals including poultry when visiting or working in live poultry markets. Novel H7N9 virus was also found in pigeons, chickens, and environmental that have high genetic similarities with the novel H7N9 virus that infects humans. Until now (May 2013), a novel H7N9 virus has not been identified in Indonesia, so as a precaution and because the symptoms caused by the H7N9 virus is not visible (mild symptom) in poultry so that the necessary actions as follows: 1) Active surveillance (market traditionally, backyard chicken including pigeons), 2) Updating method of diagnosis, and 3) The study of human-animal interface, and 4) the study of AI complete virus genome to detect novel influenza viruses, including influenza H7N9 novel virus. Â Key words: Subtype H7 of Avian Influenza virus, China, novel H7N9, virus reassortant

Paecilomyces lilacinus and Verticillium chlamydosporium Fungi as Biological Control of Fasciolosis Ahmad, Riza Zainuddin
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fasciolosis is a worm disease caused of Fasciola gigantica and an important problem in husbandry especially for cattle. Controlling of this worm disease can be conducted by prevention and treatment. The use of antihelminthic is commonly causes a resistance problem. Natural control by mold such as Paecilomyces lilacinus and Verticillium chlamydosporium can be applied to reduce egg of F. gigantica. Although it was recently found, in vitro study gave satisfied result. This gives a new hope in controlling the disease although the extend application still needs to be studied. This paper discussed about the use of P. lilacinus and V. chlamydosporium for reducing F. gigantica population. Â Key words: Natural control, F. gigantica, P. lilacinus, V. chlamydosporium

Organic Zinc as Feed Additive for Ruminants ., Suprijati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Zinc is an essential micro mineral required by ruminants and is a component of over 300 enzymes which play important role in the metabolisms of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Recently, the chemical and biotechnology processes have been developed for synthesizing organic Zn. Organic Zn is the product of a chelating process of dissolved Zn anorganic salts with amino acids or hydrolyzed protein. The utilization of organic Zn as feed additive in ruminants diets tends to increase, due to the absorptionÂ of Zn Â in Â theÂ organicÂ form is Â more Â effectiveÂ than Â theÂ inorganicÂ form. Â This Â paper Â reviewes Â theÂ research Â from comparative studies of inorganic and organic Zn on the growth, production and reproduction in ruminants. The studies found that the supplementation of organic Zn improved nutrient digestibility, growth, feed efficiency, milk production, Zn retention and absorption, production and reproductive performances of ruminants. However, a little variation response was found due to different degrees of chelating on Zn incorporation of amino acids or hydrolyzed protein. Â Key words: Organic Zn, characteristic, supplementation, performance, ruminants

Genetically Modified Feed Crops and Feed Ingredients in Indonesia: Opportunities and Constraints of Development Prawiradiputra, Bambang R; S, Muharsini
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The opportunity of the presence of genetically modifiedÂ organism (GMO) Â forageÂ crops inÂ Indonesia is quite large. Although until now there is no single forage crop awarded safely crop in Indonesia, but several crop byproducts have been used as feed ingredient. The controversy over the presence of GMO plant cannot be avoided. There are a part of communities who could not accept the presence of GMO crops for some reasons. On the other hand, the producers claimed the advantages of the GMO crops such as reducing pesticide application, reducing cost of weeding, more tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses, and increasing production, farmerâs income and welfare. For the opponent, the main concerns are environmental issues and the possibility of emerging diseases in animal as well as human being. The Biosafety Comission through Biosafety Technical Team has the authority to recommend whether GMO food or feed (and plants) is safe or not safe to be consumed and grown in Indonesia after the assessment. Â Key words: GMO, forage crops, feed safety

Participation Rate as A Basis for Measuring Food Security Status of Meat Soedjana, Tjeppy D
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Food security has been developed as way for decision makers to pay more attention to this sector. It is believed that foods which are efficiently produced in one area or country may be accessed by other areas or countries. However, this concept is difficult to be implemented since almost none of countries in the world have all resources to produce what is needed by its people. Food consumption, including beef, would be better measured using participation rate which indicates a cluster of its consumer instead of using all population as a denominator for calculating per capita consumption, except for commodities whose consumer member of its cluster close to 100% of the population. For commodities whose consumers less than 50% of its cluster it is more effective to use the size of the cluster as the denominator. Diversified food consumption of animal origin in Indonesia has been indicated by the fact that it has been naturally established. Animal meat consumption diversification for many reasons is influencedÂ by cultural, preferences or other economic status of the households. This phenomena is alsoÂ indicatedÂ by the magnitude of positive cross price elasticity between beef and mutton, beef and poultry meat, and between poultry meat and fish. Therefore, every effort to push higher consumption of one meat type, will reduce the participation rate of others. Susenas data indicated participation rates for beef and buffalo meat were 26.15% (2002), 21.93% (2005), 16.18% (2008) and 16.16% (2011), while poultry meat had higher participation rate as 65.46% (2002), 63.48% (2005), 57.67% (2008) and 56.98% (2011). Application Â ofÂ participation Â rate Â approach Â on Â the Â production Â ofÂ beef Â and Â buffalo Â meat Â resulted Â in Â the Â annual Â percapita consumption of 6.71 kg (2002), 10.47 kg (2005), 10.82 kg (2008) and 13.11 kg (2011). It concludes that balanced participation rates of meat components (beef and poultry meat), need to be maintained as the existed diversified meat consumption. Effort to increase beef consumption will result in deindustrialization to other meat. Â Key words: Participation rate, food security, food diversification, meat

Benefit of Protected Fat for Improving Production and Reproduction of Ruminant Wina, Elizabeth; R, Susana I W
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fat or free fatty acid is one of the energy sources which is high density and gives higher energy than any other nutrients. Indonesia has a huge potency for free fatty acid as alternative energy source for ruminant. However, in a certain amount, fat or fatty acid will cause negative effect on the rumen function. Therefore, several technologies to protect fat or fatty acid were developed. In early lactation, dairy cow requires additional energy from high density ingredient without causing any negative effect on rumen function. This paper describes fat metabolism in the rumen and post rumen, technology to protect fat or free fatty acid and the effect of protected fat or fatty acid on nutritional value, production and reproductive performances, carcass quality and milk quality. In conclusion, the utilization of protected fat or fatty acid gives positive effects on productive and reproductive performances. Â Key words: Fat, fatty acid, protection, metabolism, ruminant

A Review of Rabbit Diseases in Egypt MM, El-Bakrey R; M, Eid AA; Mohammed, Hamed A
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Promising approaches of the Egyptian governmental as well as non-governmental society to rabbit industry to overcome the unemployment of youth in the society required more efforts from scientific institutes to help in development of such industry. Epidemiological studies are of outmost importance to highlight disease nature and to help in meantime implement of successful preventive and control measures. The aim of this paper is to review the situation of rabbit diseases of economic impact in Egypt (1952 to 2013). The review will highlight the viral infection of rabbit hemorrhagic disease, bacterial disease of colibacillosis, clostridiosis, salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, staphylococcosis and listeriosis and parasitic infection of coccidiosis and mange. Â Key words: Rabbit, disease, bacteria, viral infection

Dietary Fibres: Their Analysis in Animal Feeding, and Their Role in Rabbit Nutrition and Health Gidenne, Thierry
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Two centuries ago Heinrich Einhof developed the so-called Weende method (crude fibre), to first deals with the fibre content of the feeds for ruminants, and proposes to isolate a residue called the "crude fibre". Then, dietary fibre concepts evolve and differ in animal feeding compared to human nutrition and health. Animal nutritionists deal with various fibre sources, often from whole plants (forages, by products of seeds processing), and recover a larger range of polysaccharidic components, including other polymers, such polyphenolic (lignins, tannins) or polylipidic compounds (cutins). Dietary fibres are generally defined as polysaccharides and associated substances resistant to mammal enzyme digestion and absorption that can be partially or totally fermented in the gut. However, today this topic is still subjected to very active research, because of the complexity of the physical structure and chemical composition of the plant cell walls, and in the wide and different physiological effects of these different constituents. The importance of dietary fibre in animal feeding is due to its influence on rate of passage, mucosa functionality and its role as substrate for gut microbes performances and digestive health. This review will describe the definition and different structure of fibres and cell wall constituents and their analytical methods. Â Key words: Dietary fibre, analysis, rabbit, nutrition, health

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INDONESIA