Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi
The scope of JBE are Epidemiology of Communicable Disease, Epidemiology of Non-communicable Disease, Tropical Disease, Epidemiology Surveillance, Management Outbreak, Epidemiology of Preventable Disease, and Epidemiology of Cancer.
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<![CDATA[RISK OF INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ]]>
<![CDATA[Febria Rike Erliana]]>;
<![CDATA[Yunias Setiawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Henry Aoyama]]>;
<![CDATA[I Gusti Ayu Indah Ardani]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.159-168
<![CDATA[Background: In lieu of COVID-19, adolescents are forced to carry out their schoolwork, social and leisure activities online. Excessive internet use can have a negative impact on psychological, social, physical, spiritual, and financial well-beings. Such phenomenon is called internet addiction, and its highest prevalence is observed among adolescents with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They have difficulty focusing on less attractive routines, thus they tend to have impaired daily functioning. So, internet addiction co-occuring with ADHD among adolescents warrants serious clinical attention. Purpose: This literature aims to study the risk factors and management of comorbidity of internet addiction with ADHD in adolescents. Methods: A literature review of studies investigating Internet Addiction Risk in Adolescent with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Non-English articles were set as the exclusion criteria. Search criteria in this rewiew includes ‘internet addiction’, ‘ADHD’, ‘comorbidity’, and ‘adolescent’. Results: Adolescents with ADHD are at a heightened risk of developing internet addiction. Impulsivity, executive dysfunction, motivational dysfunction, social skill deficits and subpar attachment bonds were the primary reasons for the increased risk. Conclusion: Attempts to increase awareness on the internet addiction susceptibility among adolescents with ADHD, particularly in this COVID-19 pandemic.]]>
<![CDATA[EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COVID-19 CASES IN THE KLATEN DISTRICT IN 2020 ]]>
<![CDATA[Wandhan Ayu Puspitaningrum]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurussyifa Afiana Zaen]]>;
<![CDATA[Chatarina Umbul Wahjuni]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.210-218
<![CDATA[Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus, and as of September 11, 2020, 210,940 cases have been reported spread across all provinces in Indonesia. Central Java is the province with the 3rd highest cumulative case as of August 24, 2020. On the other hand, Klaten District ranks 11th out of 35 Districts/Cities in Central Java, and it is classified as a moderate risk zone area. Purpose: This study aims to describe the Covid-19 cases in Klaten District. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The data used secondary data obtained from the Covid-19 Case Report by the Surveillance, Health Quarantine, and Immunization Section of the Klaten District Health Office from March to August 2020. The population of all Klaten District people identified as positive for Covid-19 from March to August 2020. Samples were taken by using the total population sampling technique. Data analysis was presented using univariate analysis in narrative form, tables, charts, and distribution maps processed with health-mapper software. Results: Most Covid-19 cases occurred in men (50.31%). The highest confirmed cases happened in the productive age (49.06%), namely between 15-44 years. The area with the most confirmed cases was Wonosari Sub-district, with 72 confirmed cases. Covid-19 confirmed cases increased significantly in August with 180 confirmed cases. Conclusion: Klaten District is one of the areas affected by the Covid-19 pandemic with the number of cases that tends to increase since March to August 2020.]]>
<![CDATA[THE THREE-YEAR SURVIVAL RATE OF CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS AT REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Zubaidah Zubaidah]]>;
<![CDATA[Rico Januar Sitorus]]>;
<![CDATA[Rostika Flora]]>;
<![CDATA[Kraichat Tantrakarnapa]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.121-129
<![CDATA[Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the third leading cause of death in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aims to identify the 3-year survival rate of cervical cancer patients and its prognostic factors in a referral hospital in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: Cohort retrospective study using secondary data from medical records of cervical cancer patients from January 2014 until December 2016. Data of each patient was evaluated for 36 months since the patients were firstly diagnosed with cervical cancer. Kaplan Meier curve was used to determine the survival rate and identify the proportional hazard assumption. The Cox regression model was utilized to determine the survival rate and Hazard Ratio (HR). Results: There were 274 of 799 cervical cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria. The 3-year survival rate for cervical cancer patients at survival rate was around 65%, and prognostic factors related to the survival of cervical cancer patients with p-value <0.05, i.e. age (HR=0.51; 95%CI=0.29-0.90), metastasis (HR=2.43; 95%CI=1.28-4.61), and completeness of therapy (HR=7.23; 95%CI=3.82-13.71. The complication was a confounding factor with metastasis and survival rate. Conclusion: The 3-year survival rate for cervical cancer patients at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang (RSMH) was 65%. The prognostic factors for the survival rate were age, metastasis, and completeness therapy. It was essential for cervical cancer patients to adhere to the therapy program recommended by doctors to increase the survival rate.]]>
<![CDATA[THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION WITH MORTALITY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Yasmin Nihayatun Nadzifah]]>;
<![CDATA[Atik Choirul Hidajah]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.219-226
<![CDATA[Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can infect the human respiratory system and causes 6.93% of all deaths in East Java Province. Comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypertension can exacerbate COVID-19 patients. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between diabetes mellitus and hypertension with mortality in COVID-19 Patients in Lamongan District. Methods: This study used an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population was patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and registered at Lamongan District Health Office from April to August 2020, as many as 412 patients. The study sample was 93 patients who were taken by simple random sampling. The dependent variable in the study was the incident of mortality in COVID-19 patients. The independent variables in the study were gender, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Data analysis was using the chi-square test. Results: The variables studied that had a relationship with mortality in COVID-19 patients were age ≥ 60 years (p = 0.02; PR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.29 <PR <8.10) and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.03; PR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.23 <PR <8.36). The variables studied that did not have a relationship with mortality in COVID-19 patients were gender (p = 0.30; PR = 1.72; 95% CI = 0.74 <PR <4.03) and hypertension (p = 0.72; PR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.34 <PR <5.48). Conclusion: Age and diabetes mellitus are significantly associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients, but sex and hypertension are not significantly associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients.]]>
<![CDATA[THE IMPACT OF ACNE VULGARIS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN TEEN PATIENTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Damayanti -]]>;
<![CDATA[Menul Ayu Umborowati]]>;
<![CDATA[Zsa Zsa Ollyvia]]>;
<![CDATA[Nining Febriyana]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.189-198
<![CDATA[Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is one of the most common cutaneous diseases in teenagers, which causes a decrease in self-esteem. Low self-esteem can affect the quality of life in AV patients. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the impact of AV on the quality of life in teenage patients based on their age, education level, and AV severity. Methods: This research used a non-probability purposive sampling technique and an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The research location was SMPN 18 and SMAN 3 Surabaya. This study was conducted from August 2019 until January 2020. The samples were 109 teenagers; the total population was 2,121 teenagers. Research variables are AV severity and AV patients' quality of life. Research instruments were Lehmann’s Grading System for evaluating AV severity and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in teenage AV patients. Data obtained was analyzed with the fisher-exact test method. Results: There were 46 (42.20%) males and 63 (57.80%) females in this study. DLQI results showed that AV had an enormous impact on quality of life in 12.80% of cases among all subjects. AV has a great potential to precipitate anxiety and affect the quality of life without considering the severity of the disease. Correlation between quality of life and age; quality of life and education level; quality of life and AV severity level resulted in p values of 0.19; 0.08; and 0.59. Conclusion: The management of AV in teenage patients should consist of individual treatment, education about AV, and its impact on the quality of life, as one of the critical social determinants of health.]]>
<![CDATA[FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA MANAGEMENT IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS IN INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Syahla 'Asilah]]>;
<![CDATA[Erni Astutik]]>;
<![CDATA[Rukhsana Khan]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.130-139
<![CDATA[Background: Diarrhea is the highest cause of death for toddlers globally. The proper management of diarrhea can prevent death from diarrhea, and the mother is the key to selecting handlers against diarrhea in the child. Purpose: This study aims to assess factors related to diarrhea management in children under five years in Indonesia. Methods: The type of research is observational analytics with a cross-sectional design. Maternal data analyzed in this study were 819 data obtained from the IDHS in 2017. Multivariable Logistic Regression is used to analyze the data. Results: Fifty-eight point five percent of all toddlers had poor diarrhea management. It consists of toddlers with a maternal age range of 20-24 years (p=0.04; AOR=2.37, 95%CI=1.03-5.41), and toddlers with a maternal age range of 30-34 years (p=0.03; AOR=2.47, 95%CI=1.07-5.68). Moreover, there are toddlers with a maternal age range of 45-49 years (p=0.03; AOR=13.34, 95%CI=1.25-146.80), toddlers with maternal age older than fathers (p=0.03; AOR=2.04, 95%CI=1.09-3.80), toddlers of mothers with several living children is 1-2 (p=0.02; AOR=2.59, 95%CI=1.19-5.62), and toddlers with a residence in rural areas (p=0.02; AOR=1.52, 95%CI=1.06-2.19) have a higher chance of getting poor diarrhea treatment. Conclusion: The factors of diarrhea management, such as the mother's age, the difference in age between men and women, number of living children, and residence, have a significant link with diarrhea in children under five years.]]>
<![CDATA[TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, ANEMIA, AND HYPERTENSION AS THE RISK FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE INCIDENCE OF METASTATIC BREAST CANCER ]]>
<![CDATA[Elma Elmika]]>;
<![CDATA[Selamat Budijitno]]>;
<![CDATA[Ari Suwondo]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.151-158
<![CDATA[Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies in women and the main cause of death in 25% of all cases. The main cause of death from breast cancer is metastases, it is estimated that 5-10% of breast cancers have metastasized at the time of early diagnosis with an advanced stage. Purpose: To analyze the risk factors that influence the incidence of metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer. Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design, the number of samples in the study was 120 patients. The inclusion criteria of the study sample were breast cancer patients with advanced stages III and IV in the last five years. Exclusion criteria were incomplete patient medical records. The sampling technique in this study was consecutive sampling. This research was conducted at Ibnu Sina Hospital, Makassar City. The variables analyzed in this study were type 2 diabetes mellitus, anemia, and hypertension which were tested with the chi-square test. Results: The results of this study showed that diabetes mellitus type 2 (p=0.00; Prevalence Rate [PR]=1.79; 95% CI=1.32-2.42) and anemia (p=0.03; Prevalence Rate [PR] = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.61-2.86) is a risk factor that affects the incidence of metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer. While the risk factor that has no effect is hypertension. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and anemia are risk factors that influence the incidence of metastases in breast cancer patients.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN ASYMPTOMATIC, MILD, AND MODERATE COVID-19 PATIENTS TREATED IN BHAYANGKARA HOSPITAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Putri Ayu Irma Ikasanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Rika Yulia]]>;
<![CDATA[Fauna Herawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruddy Hartono]]>;
<![CDATA[Puri Safitri Hanum]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.179-188
<![CDATA[Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new type of virus named SARS-CoV-2. There is still no specific treatment for COVID-19; the antibiotic is used for therapy and to prevent severe disease, so the increasing use of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients will lead to a detrimental impact and the risk of antibiotic resistance. Purpose: This study aims to analyze antibiotic use frequency and determine the number of DDD per 100 bed-days in July – December 2020 at Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This research was a descriptive study with a retrospective study design conducted at Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya in May – June 2021. The data were collected from 94 medical records, inclusion criteria: all ages; asymptomatic, mild, and moderate categories; all hospitalized patients in July-December 2020 who received antibiotics; the exclusion criteria: non-confirmed COVID-19 patients who had comorbidities and received antibiotics; the patient who died. The variables: frequency of antibiotic use with calculating the number of DDD/100 bed-days and percentage of COVID-19 patients who received antibiotics during hospitalization. Results: The frequency of antibiotic use in asymptomatic, mild, and moderate COVID-19 patients: 86.56 DDD/100 bed-days, the most antibiotic use was azithromycin at 50.42 DDD/100 bed-days and Levofloxacin at 22.70 DDD/100 bed-days. All asymptomatic, mild, and moderate COVID-19 patients (100%) at Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya were treated with antibiotics, whereas the condition of patients was 5.32% asymptomatic, 48.94% mild, and 45.74% moderate. Conclusion: There is overuse of antibiotics in asymptomatic, mild and moderate COVID-19 patients at Bhayangkara Hospital Surabaya.]]>
<![CDATA[PREVALENCE OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN BALI FROM 2015 TO 2020 AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ]]>
<![CDATA[I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Farachatus Salwa Salsabila Azhari]]>;
<![CDATA[Ni Luh Gede Sudaryati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.169-178
<![CDATA[Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever cases increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic phase. Purpose: This study defines, describes, and evaluates the dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence in Bali Province from 2015 to 2020 and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The various types of descriptive study with case series design. The study used an environmental epidemiology approach to analyze the health profile of Bali Province. The number of DHF cases in 2015-2020, DHF-related morbidity and death rates, larva-free rates, climate, population and population density, and gender were variables in this study. The study took place in May and June 2021. Results: The prevalence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the province of Bali fluctuated between 2015 and 2020. The highest number of dengue cases in 2016 was 20,306, and they fell from 2017 to 2019. Cases doubled in 2020, up by 12,173. The endemic areas with the highest prevalence of cases are in the districts of Buleleng and Badung. The highest incidence rate was in 2016 at 483/100,000 population, and for the last five years, it has not met the national target of 49/100,000 population. The highest CFR figure in 2020 was 0.43%, an increase of 1.5 times during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The prevalence of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Bali in 2015 – 2020 fluctuated significantly, and mortality due to dengue during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced a significant increase.]]>
<![CDATA[CORONAVIRUS-RELATED ANXIETY WITH HYPERGLYCEMIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Kholisotul Hikmah]]>;
<![CDATA[Helda Helda]]>;
<![CDATA[Caroline Killeen]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi (Periodic Epidemiology Journal) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jbe.V10I22022.111-120
<![CDATA[Background: COVID-19 might also predispose individuals to elevate blood glucose as the effect of anxiety. Blood glucose level is an important risk factor for the prognosis of disease among diabetes patients. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of Coronavirus-related anxiety with hyperglycemia incidence among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, from 25 January to 29 February 2021. This study was conducted both online and by assessing archives of medical records using random samples. Results: A total of 143 respondents completed the questionnaire, with 59.44% females and 40.56% males. More than half of the respondents (55.94%) who reported hyperglycemia showed COVID-19 anxiety, and 51.05% of them experienced ≥ 8 years of diabetes. COVID-19 anxiety was associated positively with the risk of hyperglycemia among type 2 diabetes patients (PR>1). Severe worry about the pandemic had the highest risk of hyperglycemia compared to moderate and mild anxiety. This finding is confounded by diabetes duration (PR discrepancy >10% and PR>1 for ≥8 years long-duration). Conclusion: This study suggests a positive association between COVID-19 anxiety and hyperglycemia while the degree of anxiety is associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia.]]>
