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agriTECH

agritech
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02160455 EISSN : 25273825 DOI : 10.22146/agritech

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 15 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 38, No 2 (2018)" : 15 Documents clear

Model Matematis Hubungan antara Kadar Air Akhir Bahan dengan Variabel Proses Pengeringan pada Pneumatic Conveying Recirculated Dryer Abadi Jading; Nursigit Bintoro; Lilik Sutiarso; Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Flour drying could be conducted by using pneumatic conveying dryer (PCD) or flash dryer, but generally it is required a high vertical pipe. The high of vertical pipe may be replaced with a recirculation process to produce a required final moisture content of the material. This study had designed pneumatic conveying recirculated dryer (PCRD) to dryi of wet sago starch. Later, the design was used to determine a mathematical model of the relationship between the variables of drying process with final moisture content of the material. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model of the relationship between the final moisture content of wet sago starch with variables drying process and recirculation continuously in the pneumatic conveying recirculated dryer (PCRD) using dimensional analysis. Buckingham Phi Theorem methods of dimensional analysis was used to find the relationship variables that affect the final moisture content of wet sago starch on the PCRD machine. The mathematical model generated in this study is The coefficient of determination (R2) of the mathematical model was 0.948, or 94.8 %, indicated that the model was valid to predict the final moisture content of wet sago starch in designing PCRD machines. While the sensitivity of the test results showed that the dimensionless product of the most influential are , , and . The model was applicable for drying wet sago starch or other starch material which is similat to the physical properties of wet sago starch. ABSTRAKPengeringan bahan-bahan tepung dapat dilakukan dengan pneumatic conveying dryer (PCD) atau flash dryer, namun umumnya memerlukan pipa vertikal yang cukup tinggi. Pipa vertikal yang tinggi dapat diganti dengan proses resirkulasi untuk menghasilkan kadar air akhir bahan yang disyaratkan. Pada penelitian ini telah dirancang pneumatic conveying recirculated dryer (PCRD) untuk mengeringkan pati sagu basah, serta dicari model hubungan matematis antara variabel-variabel proses pengeringan dengan kadar air akhir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model matematis hubungan antara kadar air akhir pati sagu basah dengan variabel-variabel proses pengeringan resirkulasi secara kontinyu pada pneumatic conveying recirculated dryer (PCRD) menggunakan analisis dimensi. Metode Buckingham Phi Theorem dalam analisis dimensi digunakan untuk mencari hubungan variabel-variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap kadar air akhir pati sagu basah pada mesin PCRD. Model matematis yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini adalah Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) dari model matematis tersebut adalah 0,948 atau 94,8 %, menunjukkan bahwa model tersebut valid digunakan untuk memprediksi kadar air akhir pati sagu basah dalam merancang mesin PCRD. Sedangkan hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa dimensionless product yang paling berpengaruh adalah , , dan . Model tersebut berlaku untuk pengeringan pati sagu basah atau bahan-bahan tepung lainnya yang sifat fisiknya identik dengan pati sagu basah.

Efek Pretreatment Microwave-NaOH Pada Tepung Gedebog Pisang Kepok terhadap Yield Selulosa Dewi Maya Maharani; Khulafaur Rosyidin
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Carbon sources in the form of sugar to be converted into bioethanol are rapidly developed, they are so called as the first generation, the second generation, and the third generation. The petiole of banana is the second generation of lignocellulose which is a waste and potential in Indonesia to be used as the raw material of bioethanol production. This study aimed to determine the effect of the microwave to the content of petiole`s flour of “gepok” varieties and to know the effect of pretreatment time as well as the ratio of petiole mass to the resulted flour with the solvent of NaOH for bioethanol production. The 20 g of petiole with the size of 60 mesh was dissolved into NaOH 0.5 M with the variation of solvent volume 150 mL, 200 mL and 250 mL then was pretreated with microwave as long as 20, 30, and 40 minutes. Annova resulted that time variable affected the cellulose content however the volume didn`t. Cellulose is a compound which is going to be converted into glucose. Hence, in this study, the lowest decrease of cellulose 350,20 mg/g was chosen from the microwave pretreatment with a yield of 93,10% at 20 g: 250 mL for 30 minutes. ABSTRAKSumber karbon dalam gula untuk dikonversi menjadi bioetanol banyak mengalami perkembangan, mulai dari sumber bioetanol generasi satu, generasi dua dan generasi tiga. Gedebog pisang merupakan salah satu limbah berlignoselulosa generasi dua yang potensial di Indonesia dan memiliki kandungan selulosa tinggi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku produksi bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gelombang microwave terhadap kandungan selulosa tepung (gedebog) pisang kepok dan mengetahui pengaruh lama pretreatment serta perbandingan massa bahan dengan volume pelarut NaOH terhadap kandungan selulosa tepung (gedebog) pisang kepok pada proses pretreatment yang dimanfaatkan untuk produksi bioetanol. Gedebog pisang ukuran 60 mesh sebanyak 20 g dilarutkan pada larutan NaOH 0,5 M dengan variasi volume pelarut 150 mL, 200 mL, dan 250 mL, selanjutnya diberi perlakuan (pretreatment) gelombang microwave dengan variasi waktu 20, 30 dan 40 menit. Pada hasil uji lanjut Annova menyatakan bahwa variabel waktu memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan selulosa sedangkan interaksi antara variabel dan volume tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan selulosa. Selulosa merupakan senyawa yang akan dikonversi lebih lanjut menjadi glukosa. Sehingga pada penelitian ini memilih penurunan selulosa terendah yaitu menjadi 350,20 mg/g akibat pretreatment microwave-NaOH dengan rendemen 93,10% pada perlakuan massa bahan dengan volume pelarut 20 g:250 mL dengan waktu 30 menit.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Monitoring dan Peramalan Harga Beras Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara Ferlando Jubelito Simanungkalit; Benika Naibaho
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The goal of this research was to design a Decision Support System (DSS) to monitor and forecast the price of rice. This system was designed to help the policy makers in decision making process to stabilize the rice price. The most fitted model base of the DSS forecasting method was selected by analyzing the architecture of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The best fitted ANN architecture was selected based on the smallest value of Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) in training, testing, and validation. The research was done using the monthly price of rice IR64 in District Deli Serdang, North Sumatera from January 2000 to December 2015. Decision support system developing phases was used to create the best match of ANN architecture for the model base of the DSS along with the database, the knowledge base, as well as the user interface. DSS was programmed using the PHP programming and was designed in a web base to facilitate the interaction between the DSS, the system's users, and the flow of data exchange. From 73 trials unit of the ANN architecture analysis, it has been obtained that an ANN 12-1-1, purelin activation function inside the hidden layer, purelin activation function inside the output layer, traingda training algorithm (gradient descent with adaptive learning rate) and the value of learning rate was 0,1 were the best match for developing the DSS forecasting method. Furthermore, the MSE and MAPE of the training, testing and validation in a row were 0.00128 and 3.57%; 0.0319 and 5.47%; 0.0052 and 2.51%. The validation results showed that the forecasting results that has been produced by the DSS has a 90 % accuracy. ABSTRAKSistem pendukung keputusan monitoring dan peramalan harga beras dirancang untuk memberikan prediksi harga masa depan dan dukungan keputusan bagi para pembuat kebijakan dalam melakukan stabilisasi harga beras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang prototipe Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) dengan terlebih dahulu menganalisis arsitektur Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (JST) yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai metode peramalan/subsistem model SPK. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data harga bulanan komoditas beras IR64 di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara bulan Januari 2000–Desember 2015. Arsitektur model JST terbaik dipilih berdasarkan pada nilai Mean Square Error (MSE) dan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) terkecil dari hasil pelatihan, pengujian dan validasi. Arsitektur model JST terbaik kemudian dirancang menjadi subsistem model SPK bersamaan dengan basis data, komponen pengetahuan dan tampilan antarmuka menggunakan fase-fase perancangan sistem pendukung keputusan. SPK dirancang untuk digunakan berbasis web (web base) agar memudahkan interaksi dengan pengguna (user) dan arus pertukaran data. SPK diprogram menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP. Dari 73 percobaan analisis arsitektur model JST yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh satu arsitektur JST dengan performa peramalan terbaik yang digunakan sebagai metode peramalan dengan arsitektur 12-1-1, fungsi aktivasi purelin pada lapisan tersembunyi, fungsi aktivasi purelin pada lapisan output, algoritma pelatihan traingda (gradient descent with adaptive learning rate) dan nilai laju pembelajaran 0,1. Nilai MSE dan MAPE dari hasil pelatihan, pengujian dan validasi berturut-turut adalah 0,00128 dan 3,57%; 0,0319 dan 5,47%; 0,0052 dan 2,51%. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa hasil peramalan yang dihasilkan oleh SPK memiliki tingkat akurasi 90%.

Karakteristik Fisikokimia Yogurt Tanpa Lemak dengan Penambahan Whey Protein Concentrate dan Gum Xanthan Mohamad Djali; Syamsul Huda; Lovita Andriani
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Non-fat yogurt exhibited weak body, poor texture, and whey separation because of reduction of fat. The separation of whey in yogurt is not desired by consumer. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of adding whey protein concentrate (WPC) and xanthan gum on physical, chemical and sensory properties of non-fat yogurt. Physical and chemical properties were tested using randomized block design whereas the yogurts properties during 21 days of cold storage included syneresis index and organoleptic. There were 6 treatments : A (full fat yogurt = control 1); B (skim milk + skim milk powder (SMP) 3% = control 2); C (skim milk + SMP 3% + WPC 1%); D (skim milk + SMP 3% + WPC 1,25%); E (skim milk + SMP 3% + WPC 0,5% + xanthan 0,005%); F (skim milk + SMP 3% + WPC 0,5% + xanthan 0,004%). The fat content 0,12%-0,14% of non-fat yogurt with the addition of WPC and blend of WPC-xanthan could increased firmness, cohesiveness and consistency compared to control 1 and control 2. In the organoleptic properties, non-fat yogurt with the addition of WPC and blend of WPC-xanthan were gained color, flavor, aroma, and consistency of the panelists preferred higher than control yogurt. Non-fat yogurt with only addition of WPC gained the lowest syneresis index. ABSTRAKYogurt tanpa lemak memiliki kekuatan struktur yang rendah dan rentan terjadi pemisahan whey karena berkurangnya kandungan lemak. Pemisahan whey pada yogurt tidak disukai oleh konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efek penambahan whey protein concentrate (WPC) dan gum xanthan terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia sensori yogurt tanpa lemak. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia diuji menggunakan metode RAK, sedangkan karakteristik yogurt selama penyimpanan dingin 21 hari meliputi indeks sineresis dan organoleptik. Terdapat 6 perlakuan yaitu: A (susu segar = kontrol 1); B (susu skim + skim milk powder (SMP) 3% = kontrol 2); C (susu skim + SMP 3% + WPC 1%); D (susu skim + SMP 3% + WPC 1,25%); E (susu skim + SMP 3% + WPC 0,5% + gum xanthan 0,005%); F (susu skim + SMP 3% + WPC 0,5% + gum xanthan 0,004%). Kandungan lemak 0,12%-0,14% pada yogurt tanpa lemak dengan penambahan WPC dan kombinasi WPC-gum xanthan dapat meningkatkan firmness, cohesiveness, dan konsistensi dibandingkan kontrol 1 dan kontrol 2. Secara organoleptik, yogurt tanpa lemak dengan penambahan WPC dan kombinasi WPC-gum xanthan mendapatkan tingkat kesukaan panelis lebih tinggi untuk warna, rasa, aroma, dan kekentalan dibandingkan yogurt lemak utuh tanpa perlakuan. Yogurt tanpa lemak dengan penambahan WPC saja mendapatkan indeks sineresis lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.

Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR) to the Nata de coco Anaerobic Treatment Eficiency and its Wastewater Characteristics Istna Nafi Azzahrani; Fanny Arivia Davanti; Ria Millati; Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) on process stability of nata de coco wastewater anaerobic treatment using semi-continuous digester. The standard-rate anaerobic digester with working volume of 8.5 L was used to investigate the effect of three different hydraulic retention times (15, 20, and 25 days), and a standard-rate anaerobic digester with working volume of 9.1 L was operated at different organic loading rates of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/L/day. The findings revealed that minimum HRT for nata de coco wastewater anaerobic treatment using semi-continuous digester was achieved at HRT 20 days. Based on data from this study, the reduction of organic content in nata de coco wastewater increased when OLR increased until 1 g/L/day. But then those parameters value decreased when OLR being increased further to 1.5 g/L/day. It showed that at 1.5 g/L/day the amount of substrate fed to the system was exceeding the total degradation capacity of methanogenic microorganisms, hence the organic overload happened and decreased the efficiency of organic content reduction in anaerobic treatment of nata de coco wastewater.

Komponen Flavor Volatil Tempe yang Dibungkus dengan Daun Pisang dan Plastik Rasyid Hanafi Harahap; Zulkifli Lubis; Jamaran Kaban
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The objective of the research was to identify volatile flavor compounds and odor description of tempeh wrapped with banana leaf and plastic fermented at different times. The research object was tempeh wrapped with banana leaf (TD) at 48 (TD1H), 72 (TD2H), and 96 hours (TD3H) fermented, and tempeh wrapped with plastic (TP) at 48 (TP1H), 72 (TP2H), and 96 hours (TP3H) fermented. Sample was extracted by SPME. GC-MS/O was used to identify volatile flavor compounds and odor description. The volatile flavor compound found in tempeh were group of ester, terpenoid, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, furan and nitrogen containing compound. α-pinene was only found in tempeh wrapped with banana leaf, whereas piperazine, sec-butyl nitrite and (Z)-α-bisabolene were only found in tempeh wrapped with plastic. This revealed that there was difference flavor compound found in tempeh wrapped with banana leaf and tempeh wrapped with plastic. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun flavor volatil dan aroma tempe yang dibungkus daun pisang dan plastik pada waktu fermentasi yang berbeda-beda. Tempe yang digunakan sebagai objek penelitian adalah tempe yang dibungkus dengan daun pisang (TD) dengan waktu fermentasi 48 jam (TD1H), 72 jam (TD2H), dan 96 jam (TD3H) dan tempe yang dibungkus plastik (TP) dengan waktu fermentasi 48 jam (TP1H), 72 jam (TP2H), dan 96 jam (TP3H). Ekstraksi sampel tempe menggunakan HS-SPME. Analisis flavor dan deskripsi odor dilakukan dengan menggunakan GC-MS/O. Senyawa flavor tempe yang diperoleh adalah senyawa-senyawa dari golongan ester, terpenoid, alkohol, aldehid, keton, furan dan senyawa-senyawa yang mengandung nitrogen. α-pinen hanya ditemukan pada tempe yang dibungkus daun pisang, sedangkan piperazin, sec-butil nitrit dan (Z)-α-bisabolen hanya ditemukan pada tempe yang dibungkus plastik saja. Hal ini berarti ada perbedaan komponen penyusun senyawa flavor pada tempe yang dibungkus daun pisang dan plastik.

Validasi Metode Analisis Kadar Kalsium pada Susu Segar secara Titrasi Kompleksometri Moh. Taufik; Seveline Seveline; Emilia Ratih Saputri
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Analysis of calcium content in fresh milk generally uses Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Alternatively, it could be analyzed using complexometric titration. The study aimed to validate the method of calcium content analysis in fresh milk by complexometric titration. The results showed that the linearity test using calcium standard solution at a working range of 4-24 mg/100 mL had R2 of 0.9983, while the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.47 mg/100 mL and 1.57 mg/100 mL, respectively. The accuracy by spiking method at the spiking concentration of 60 mg/100 mL sample was 99.29%. The repeatability and intra-lab reproducibility showed acceptable precision with CV value of 0.98% and 2.59%, respectively. The results of ruggedness test showed that this method was rugged to the variation of sample volume and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentration. This study proved that complexometric titration can be used to determine calcium content in fresh milk. ABSTRAKAnalisis kadar kalsium pada susu segar umumnya menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) yang relatif mahal. Salah satu metode alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah titrasi kompleksometri. Sampai sekarang, data validasi terhadap metode tersebut pada sampel susu segar belum tersedia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memvalidasi metode analisis kadar kalsium pada susu segar secara titrasi kompleksometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan uji linearitas dengan menggunakan larutan standar kalsium pada rentang 4-24 mg/100 mL mempunyai nilai R2 sebesar 0,9983, sedangkan nilai batas deteksi dan batas kuantifikasi berturut-turut adalah 0,47 mg/100 mL dan 1,57 mg/100 mL. Nilai akurasi (recovery) sebesar 99,29% pada konsentrasi spiking 60 mg/100 mL sampel. Hasil penelitian atau metode uji yang divalidasi menunjukkan nilai keterulangan dan reprodusibilitas intralab yang baik dengan nilai CV analisis berturut-turut 0,98% dan 2,59%. Hasil uji ketangguhan menunjukkan metode ini bersifat tangguh (rugged) terhadap variasi volume sampel dan konsentrasi asam etilenadiaminatetraasetat (EDTA) yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, metode titrasi kompleksometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar kalsium pada susu segar.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Minuman Daun Beluntas Teh Hitam (Pluchea indica Less-Camelia sinensis) Paini Sri Widyawati; Tarsisius Dwi Wibawa Budianta; Yesiana Dwi Wahyu Werdani; Maria Olivia Halim
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The research was conducted to explore the potency of pluchea leaves-black tea drink as antioxidant at various proportions. The research used a single factor randomized block design of pluchea leaves and black tea proportions, including 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100% (w/w). Each of it was repeated five times. The parameters observed in this study were secondary metabolites, total phenolic, total flavonoids, free radical DPPH scavenging activity, and iron reducing power. The data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at α = 5%, if the analysis showed a significant effect then it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data was stated as mean ± standard deviation. The results showed that the secondary metabolites containing in drink from pluchea leaves and black tea at various proportions were alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. The increasing of black tea proportion in samples added the intensity of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides compounds detected, but the tannins were decreased. These secondary metabolites were correlated with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The increasing of black tea proportion in drink significantly decreased DPPH free radical scavenging activity and iron ion reducing power, except for 100% black tea proportion. Tannin compounds seems determining antioxidant activity. Based on coefficient correlation between TPC or TFC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity or iron ion reducing power, the result showed that DPPH free radical scavenging activity was dominantly contributed by TPC and iron ion reducing power was determined by TPC and TFC. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi minuman daun beluntas teh hitam sebagai antioksidan pada berbagai proporsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor, yaitu proporsi daun beluntas teh hitam meliputi 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; dan 0:100% (b/b). Tiap faktor diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi kandungan metabolit sekunder, total fenolik (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH, dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada α = 5%, jika terdapat beda signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data dinyatakan dengan rata-rata ± standar deviasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam minuman daun beluntas teh hitam pada berbagai proporsi adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, tannin, dan kardiak glikosida. Peningkatan proporsi teh hitam menambah intensitas senyawa alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, dan kardiak glikosida yang terdeteksi, tetapi kandungan senyawa tannin berkurang. Kandungan metabolit sekunder ini berkorelasi dengan total fenolik (TPC) dan total flavonoid (TFC). Peningkatan proporsi teh hitam dalam minuman menurunkan kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi, kecuali pada proporsi teh hitam 100%. Kandungan senyawa tannin dalam minuman menentukan aktivitas antioksidan. Berdasarkan koefisien korelasi antara TPC atau TFC dan kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH atau kemampuan mereduksi ion besi, hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dominan dikontribusi oleh TPC dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi ditentukan oleh TPC dan TFC.

Sifat-Sifat Fisikokimia Pati Ubi Kayu Terfermentasi Khamir Indigenus Tapai Heru Widyatmoko; Achmad Subagio; Nurhayati Nurhayati
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Tapai is a cassava food product fermented by yeast starter (“Ragi”). Among the amylolitic yeasts that had been isolated from the tapai were Candida guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, Trichosporon mucoides, and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. The aim of this research was to characterize the physicochemical properties of fermented cassava starch by amylolytic yeasts of indigenus tapai i.e. C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, T. mucoides, and S. fibuligera. The process of fermentation of cassava starch was done by inoculating each pure isolate by 5% v / v (105 CFU / ml) into cassava starch suspension 50% b/v (100g starch into 200ml sterile distilled water). The incubation was carried out at 28 °C for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The fermented cassava starch was dried at 50 °C for 24 h. Characterization of physicochemical properties of cassava starch included chemical properties (amylose content), paste properties (RVA), thermal properties (DSC), physical properties (SEM granule macrostructure) and functional groups (FT-IR) of unfermented (native) or fermented cassava starch. The results showed that during the fermentation process, the yeast was able to grow up to 7 log10 CFU/ml and the acidity decreased to pH 3,9. The amylose content of fermented cassava starch decreased to 11,22% from native starch amylose content (15,85%). The paste properties of fermented cassava starch increased at the value of trough viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and swelling power. The thermal properties of fermented cassava starch increased to 64,7-67 °C for the initial temperature value of gelatinization (To), 69,1-71,2 °C for gelatinization peak temperature (Tp), 73,9-75 °C for the final temperature of gelatinization (Tc), but decreased gelatinization enthalpy in the range of ΔH 4,84-6,38 J/g. The macrostructure of the longest fermented starch granules (72 hours)occurred liberation into irregular granular shapes. The profile of fermented cassava starch functional groups had a similarity with native cassava starch that had the highest absorption spectra at 3291,2 cm-1 peak (vibration of the O-H bonding group) and 2920 cm-1 peak (C-H group vibration). ABSTRAKTapai merupakan produk pangan ubi kayu yang terfermentasi oleh starter khamir (ragi). Di antara khamir amilolitik yang sudah diisolasi dari tapai yaitu Candida guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, Trichosporon mucoides, dan Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan karakterisasi sifat-sifat fisikokimia pati ubi kayu yang difermentasi oleh khamir amilolitik indigenus tapai yaitu C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, T. mucoides, dan S. fibuligera. Proses fermentasi pati ubi kayu dilakukan dengan menginokulasikan masing-masing isolat murni sebanyak 5% v/v (105 CFU/ml) ke dalam suspensi pati ubi kayu 50% b/v (100g pati ke dalam 200ml akuades steril). Selanjutnya dilakukan inkubasi pada suhu 28 °C selama 24, 48, dan 72 jam. Pati ubi kayu terfermentasi dikeringkan pada suhu 50 oC selama 24 jam. Karakterisasi sifat-sifat fisikokimia pati ubi kayu meliputi sifat kimia (kadar amilosa), sifat pasta (RVA), sifat termal (DSC), sifat fisik (makrostruktur granula SEM) dan gugus fungsi (FT-IR) pati ubi kayu alami maupun pati ubi kayu terfermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama proses fermentasi, khamir mampu tumbuh hingga mencapai 7 log10 CFU/ml dan derajat keasaman mengalami penurunan mencapai pH 3,9. Kadar amilosa pati ubi kayu terfermentasi mengalami penurunan menjadi 11,22% dari kadar amilosa pati alami (15,85%). Sifat pasta pati ubi kayu terfermentasi khamir mengalami peningkatan pada nilai viskositas trough, breakdown, viskositas akhir, dan daya kembang. Sifat termal pati ubi kayu terfermentasi menglamai peningkatan menjadi 64,7-67 °C untuk nilai suhu awal gelatinisasi (To), 69,1-71,2 °C untuk suhu puncak gelatinisasi (Tp), 73,9-75 °C untuk suhu akhir gelatinisasi (Tc), tetapi mengalami penurunan entalpi gelatinisasi pada kisaran ∆H 4,84-6,38 J/g. Makrostruktur granula pati yang terfermentasi paling lama (72 jam) mengalami liberasi dengan bentuk granula yang tidak beraturan. Profil gugus fungsi pati ubi kayu terfermentasi oleh khamir memiliki kemiripan dengan pati ubi kayu alami yaitu memiliki spektra penyerapan tertinggi pada puncak 3291,2 cm-1 (getaran gugus ikatan O-H) dan puncak 2920 cm-1 (getaran gugus C-H).

Initial Moisture Content of Corncobs Plays an Important Role in Maintaining its Quality during Storage Lince Mukkun; Herianus J.D. Lalel; Yuliana Tandirubak
agriTECH Vol 38, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Maize is one of the important staple foods for people in Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Subsistent farmers store the maize for their own consumption until the next harvest season, for seed and feed. However, high initial water content of the kernel due to improper drying prior storage initiate serious damage and losses during the maize storage. High water content promotes the growth of fungi and insects, and increase respiration rate, resulting in rapid deterioration of maize. The purpose of this study was to determine the initial moisture content that might minimize damage and losses of maize in the farmers’ storage, and to study the effects of some plant materials that are used to smoke corns before storage. The experiment was initiated by sun-drying the harvested corncobs for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days (6 hours a day). This experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Dried corncobs were stored in the farmer’s storage for 4 months. The effects of maize kernels’ initial water content on the development of water content in kernels; the percentage of damaged kernels; and the species of pathogen and insects were investigated during storage with 2-week intervals. The results demonstrated that drying the corncobs prior storage for 10 days, resulting in 12.96% of water content, significantly decreased the percentage of seed damage to 6.5%, as compared to without drying process which resulted in 63%. Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp were found to be the main pathogen during storage. There are no insect pests found during the storage.

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Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Rachma Wikandari

Contact Email rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id

Phone +6285712601130

Journal Mail Official agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Rachma Wikandari

Contact Email
rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id

Phone
+6285712601130

Journal Mail Official
agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA