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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 25 No 4, 2014" : 9 Documents clear

OPTIMIZATION OF SODIUM DODECYL SULPHATE AS A FORMAZAN SOLVENT AND COMPARISON OF 3-(4,-5-DIMETHYLTHIAZO-2-YL)-2,5-DIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM BROMIDE (MTT) ASSAY WITH WST-1 ASSAY IN MCF-7 CELLS Endah Puji Septisetyani; Ratih Asmana Ningrum; Yulaika Romadhani; Popi Hadi Wisnuwardhani; Adi Santoso
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

A 3-(4,-5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is a method that used to measure cell viability. It is based on the conversion of MTT by succinic dehydrogenase enzyme into insoluble formazan. Dissolution of formazan by using proper solvent is the most important step of MTT assay to obtain valid and reliable data. In this study, we observed several solvents [isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)] to validate MTT assay by using MCF-7 cells. The observation was performed by MTT addition at concentration of 0.5µg/µL, 3-4h cells incubation at 37°C, dissolution of formed formazan crystal and absorbance measurement at 570nm. The result showed that formazan completely dissolved in DMSO and 10% SDS. The most advantage of using SDS was it avoided the removal of partially dissolved formazan. In this observation, we also found that pH was a very important factor in SDS solution that affected the reaction. The use of optimal condition on MTT assay by SDS-0.01M HCl and SDS-0.025M HCl as formazan solvents showed that IC50 of curcumin were 32.3±0.78µM and 24.08±1.72µM respectively, while WST-1 assay resulted IC50 of curcumin 80.69±5.35µM. Altogether, this study strongly indicated that SDS-0.01M HCl was the best formazan solvent for MTT assay.

OPTIMIZATION AND ACESSING THE INFLUENCE OF XANTHAN GUM, EFFERVESCENT COMPONENTS AND HARDNESS ON FLOATATION BEHAVIOR AND DRUG RELEASE OF GASTRO-FLOATING CAPTOPRIL TABLET Syaiful Choiri; T.N. Saifullah Sulaiman; Ilham Kuncahyo
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

This research purposed to optimize, investigate and evaluate the influence of xanthan gum, sodium bicarbonate-citric acid as effervescent components and hardness on floatation behavior and drug release of gastro-floating captopril tablet with floating system. A 23 full factorial design (8 runs) was applied to optimize the floating captopril tablet using xanthan gum (X1), ratio of effervescent components (X2) and hardness (X3) as independent variables. Optimum area was determined by superimposed contour plot of floating lag time (Y1), cumulative drug release at 60min (Q60) (Y2) and drug release constant rate (Y3) using Design Expert® software. Xanthan gum, effervescent components and hardness were affected the floatation behavior and drug release. Hardness was the most dominant factor affected the floatation behavior and drug release. Based on superimposed contour plot, the optimum area was in range of xanthan gum 58–100mg, sodium bicarbonate 45–63mg, citric acid 7–25mg and hardness at 70–98N.

NEW HOPE ON DRUG LEADS DEVELOPMENT FROM DEEP OCEAN: HALOGENATED ALKALOIDS OF AGELAS SPONGES Hertiani, Triana
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Agelas sponge is found in abundancy from Indonesiaâs ocean. This sponge produces an important chemotaxonomic group of compounds, derived from pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. This group of compounds is one of those exclusively found from marine environment. Marine sponges are reported to be promising drug lead producers having unique chemical structures of which many have no terrestrial counterparts. The objective of this report is to give an overview of the reported attempts from up to down stream to develop pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids as new drug lead. Literatures up to 2013 reporting this group of compounds from Agelas sponges were studied. Discussion on the halogenated alkaloids covers the producers, description of high chemical diversity, identification, biosynthesis and ecological relevance as well as their role as a promising drug candidate. Alternatives to provide continous supplies for drug development are also discussed considering that wild harvesting of the sponge producers can lead to ecological damage in the future . Broad range of interesting pharmacological importance as well as several success in developing synthetic route for production supports its development as drug candidate.Â

THE APPLICATION OF HYDROTROPES AS MEDIUM IN THE EXTRACTION OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE Hartati, Indah; Kurniasari, Laeli; Anas, Yance; Aniq, Nur
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Hydrotrope solutions provide safe and effective media for the microwave assisted extraction of andrographolide, the major bioactive chemical constituent of plant Andrographis paniculata. Microwave assisted extraction of androgpaholide was carried out by using hydrotropes, sodium benzoate and urea. The objective of this work were to determine the Minimum Hydrotrope Concentration (MHC) and to determine the effectiveness of each hydrotrope with respect to andrographolide at different system powers. The microwave assisted extractions of andrographolide were carried out at different concentration of hydrotropes (0.2-3M) and different system powers (39.9 and 119.7 Watt). Twenty grams of Andrographis paniculata dried powder were added to 200 ml of hydrotrope solutions and extracted in a microwave extractor for 15 minutes. The research result showed that the percentage of the microwave assisted extraction of andrographolide by using sodium benzoate and urea were up to 10.9% and 1.05% respectively. The Minimum Hydrotrope Concentration and the effectiveness of hydrotropes that was measured in term of Setschenow constant (Ks) were reported for two hydrotropes used in this study.Â

CHIRAL SEPARATION OF CETIRIZINE ENANTIOMERS BY CYCLODEXTRIN MEDIATED CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS Gabriel Hancu; Monica Budău; Lajos Attila Papp; Aura Rusu; Eleonora Mircia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Chiral separation cetirizine, a second generation H1 antagonist was studied by cyclodextrine (CD) mediated capillary electrophoresis. The influence on the separation of several parameters including pH and concentration of the background electrolyte (BGE), CD type and concentration, applied voltage and temperature were studied and the electrophoretic and analytic parameters were optimized. The best conditions for the chiral separation were obtained using 25mM disodium hydrogeno-phosphate – 25mM sodium didydrogeno-phosphate (1:1) as BGE, 5mM sulfobuthyl ether- β-CD as chiral selector, a voltage of + 20kV, temperature of 20°C, injection pressure/time of 50mbar/ 1sec, UV detection at 230nm. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the enantioselective assay of cetirizine in pharmaceutical formula-tions. CE proved to be a rapid, speciﬁc, reliable and cost-effective method for the chiral separation of cetirizine enantiomers and can be useful for laboratories performing routine analysis.

IDENTIFICATION OF X GENE MUTATIONS, GENOTYPE AND SUBGENOTYPE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) Fatimawali .; Billy Kepel; Sitti Romlah; Catur Riany; Debbie Retnoningrum
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem, including in Indonesia. There are currently an estimated 2 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV, about 75% of them are in Asia and 350 million of them will develop into chronic hepatitis B. Factors that influence the development of chronic hepatitis B into liver carcinoma include x gene mutation, HBV genotype and subgenotype. This research aims to identify x gene mutation, genotype and subgenotype of HBV infecting hepatitis B patients in Manado associated with the onset of liver carcinoma. HBV DNAs were isolated from blood samples of 30 hepatitis B patients. X gen was amplified using nested PCR with pre-designed primer pairs. Amplified DNA fragments were electrophoresed in 1.5% agarose and visualized under UV. DNA fragments were then separated and purified using Qiagen column, then sequenced to determine their nucleotide sequences of x gene. Amino acid of x protein were deduced from nucleotide sequence of x gene and used as basic to determine HBV genotype and subgenotype. X protein was aligned with those similar protein with the same subgenotype retrieved from GenBank to determine if there was a mutation at amino acid. The mutated x protein were compared with other mutation found in x protein in other literatures associated with the onset of liver carcinoma. Genotype and subgenotype of HBV isolated from blood samples of 10 patients was detected and showed that five patients were infected with B genotype HBV (2 patients were infected with B2 subgenotype, 2 patients with B3 subgenotype and 1 patient with B9 subgenotype). The rest of 5 patients were infected with C genotype HBV (1 patient with C1 subgenotype, 2 patients with C2 subgenotype, and 2 patients with C5 subgenotype). The mutation in x protein is related significantly to the clinical severity of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ie V5L in subgenotype C2, and I127T and H94Y in subgenotype C5.

INTERACTION STUDY: THE EFFECT OF ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS EXTRACT ON HUMAN CYTOCHROME P450 Purwantiningsih .; Abas Hj Hussin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Herbal remedies are often used concomitantly with prescribed medication, which leads to an increase in the potential of herb-drug interactions. Orthosiphon stamineus is one of the popular herbal preparations that is traditionally used, especially as a diuretic or for the elimination of kidney stones. The inhibitory effect of O. stamineus extract on human cytochrome P450 isoforms, namely CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6, has been determined using luminescent methods. The final concentrations of O. stamineus extract tested were 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000µg/mL. IC50 value was used to assess the modulation potencies for each CYP isoform. The extract showed a moderate inhibition towards CYP2C9 with the IC50 of 20.12µg/mL and showed IC50 of 49.90, 89.24 and 97.82µg/mL for CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, respectively. These data suggest that O. stamineus extract may potentiate the herb-drug interaction via CYP inhibition.

EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA FLOWERS EXTRACT IN MICE Mallik Arunabha; Nayak Satish
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of Sesbania grandiflora on cellular and humoral immunity. Oral administration of the methanolic extract (200 and 400mg/kg) of S. grandiflora flowers, in mice, dose-dependently significantly enhanced the production of circulating antibody titre in mice in response to SRBC. It significantly potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Good response was also found towards phagocytosis in carbon clearance assay and prevented myelosuppression in cyclophosphamide drug. Aqueous extract at 250mg/kg dose level failed to show immunomodulatory activity but 500mg/kg of aqueous extract potentiated the activity however less significantly compared with both dose of methanolic extract. The results obtained in this study indicate that methanolic extract (400mg/kg) of S. grandiflora possesses potential immunomodulatory activity.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF RUBRAXANTHONE IN STEM BARK EXTRACT OF MANGOSTEEN Meri Susanti; Dwisesaria Irma Lena; Dachriyanus Dachriyanus
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 4, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Rubraxanthone is one of antibacterial and antioxidant compound which is isolated from stem bark of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.). The precise method for analysis of plant constituents is normally a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC). Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for chromatographic separation was carried out on a reversed-phase column Shimadzu ® Shimp-pack VP – ODS (4.6x250mm) using an isocratic mobile phase of 0.4% formic acid - acetonitrile at a flow rate 1mL min-1, and detection was with a UV detector. The linearity of the proposed method was found in the range of 2.5-25μg/mL-1 with regression coefficient 0.999. Intraday precision studies showed the relative standard deviation ≤1.58% and inter-day ≤3.20%. Accuracy of the method was determined by a recovery study conducted at 3 different levels, and the average recovery was 102.18%. The Limit of Detection Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) and were 0.47 and 1.56μg/mL-1.The contents of rubraxanthon in the crude was 0.23±0.07%w/w.

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