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METODE DESTRUKSI GELOMBANG MIKRO MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI ASAM NITRAT UNTUK PENENTUAN LOGAM Cd DAN Pb DALAM PRODUK MAKANAN BAYI Moh. Taufiq
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p03

Destruksi sistem gelombang mikro menggunakan variasi konsentrasi asam nitrat (3, 6, 9 mol/L) yang dikombinasikan dengan H2O2 30% (7:1 mL) telah berhasil diaplikasikan pada 4 (empat) jenis sampel produk makanan bayi (A, B, C, D) untuk keperluan analisis Cd dan Pb menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS) AA240. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektifitas HNO3 encer pada proses destruksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi HNO3 3 mol/L proses destruksi tidak sempurna, kandungan Cd dan Pb yang terdeteksi lebih kecil dari batas kuantifikasi AAS-AA240. Sampel A, B, C dan D terdeteksi mengandung Cd dan Pb pada konsentrasi HNO3 6 dan 9 mol/L, larutan hasil destruksi jernih dan tidak ada residu padatan sebagai indikasi semua senyawa organik terdestruksi sempurna. Konsentrasi paling efektif diperoleh pada HNO3 9 mol/L dengan kandungan Cd dan Pb tertinggi terdapat pada sampel kode B masing-masing sebesar 0,50 ± 0,0385 dan 1,75 ± 0,2472 mg/L. Metode destruksi ini telah memenuhi kriteria persyaratan validasi dengan nilai perolehan kembali sebesar 89,75 – 105,29% untuk Cd dan 86,93 – 97,31% untuk Pb, metode ini dapat dijadikan sebagai metode alternatif dalam preparasi sampel untuk analisis logam, dapat dikategorikan sebagai metode analitik yang lebih aman, lebih ekonomis, dan menghasilkan limbah beracun yang lebih sedikit. Kata Kunci: destruksi gelombang mikro, makanan bayi, metode AAS, preparasi sampel. ABSTRACT A microwave digestion system using variation of nitric acid (3, 6, 9 mol/L) combined with 30% H2O2 has been successfully applied to 4 (four) types of baby food samples (A, B, C, D) for the determination of Cd and Pb using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) AA240. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of dilute HNO3 on the microwave digestion system. The results showed that at a 3 mol/L of HNO3 the digestion processes incomplete, the Cd and Pb contents is smaller than the limits of quantification of the AAS-AA240. The A, B, C dan D samples were detected Cd and Pb at 6 and 9 mol/L of HNO3, clear solutions and did not present solid residues, this condition indicates that all organic compounds is completely digested. The most effective concentration was 9 mol/L of HNO3, the highest of Cd and Pb content were found in the B sample namely 0.50 ± 0.0385 and 1.75 ± 0.2472 mg/L, respectively. This digestion method met the validation requirements with recoveries of 89.75 – 105.29% for Cd and 86.93 – 97.31% for Pb, this method can be used as an alternative for sample preparation of metal analysis, can be categorized as a safer analytical method, more economical, and generate less toxic waste. Keywords: AAS method, baby food, microwave digestion system, sample preparation.

In Silico Study of Phenolic Derivatives Compounds from Olive Plants (Olea europaea L.) as HER2 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer L. Pangestu; W. Oktavelia; F. Ardiansyah; A. Khalilah; E. Novianti; S. Hidayat; T. N. Apriliya; Muchtaridi .
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p08

Sebesar 11,7% dari 19,3 juta kasus kanker yang terjadi pada tahun 2020 merupakan kasus kanker payudara. Kanker ini umumnya disebabkan karena ekspresi berlebih dari protein HER-2 yang berperan dalam proliferasi dan pertumbuhan sel. Salah satu tipe kanker payudara, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), menyumbang 10-20% dari semua kasus kanker payudara. Sebagai obat kanker payudara, lapatinib, telah digunakan untuk pasien kanker payudara positif-HER2. Namun, telah diketahui bahwa obat tersebut dapat meningkatkan metastasis sel TNBC. Maka, diperlukan pencarian senyawa baru yang dapat lebih efektif dan aman untuk pengobatan kanker payudara, seperti senyawa yang terkandung dalam extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) dari tanaman zaitun yang mampu menginhibisi aktivitas tirosin kinase dari protein HER-2. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui interaksi molekuler dan profil farmakokinetik senyawa turunan fenolat dari kandungan EVOO. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggungakan metode Studi In silico dilakukan dengan simulasi penambatan molekuler, memprediksi profil farmakokinetik dan toksisitas senyawa, serta drug-likeness yang mengacu pada Lipinski’s Rule of Five. Senyawa 1-Acetoxypinoresinol merupakan senyawa terbaik berdasarkan hasil penambatan molekuler dan profil farmakokinetiknya dengan free binding energy sebesar -4,74 kcal/mol, konstanta inhibisi 335,19 µm, dan terdapat interaksi dengan residu asam amino Asn237. Adapun Nilai HIA dan caco-2 sebesar 93,96% dan 27,75%, nilai PPB dan BBB sebesar 77,58% dan 0,026%, serta tidak bersifat mutagenik dan karsinogenik. Hasil yang didapatkan menyatakan bahwa Senyawa 1-Acetoxypinoresinol memiliki potensi sebagai inhibitor HER2 yang paling baik diantara senyawa lainnya yang terdapat dalam kandungan EVOO. Kata kunci: Extra virgin olive oil, HER-2, in silico, Kanker Payudara ABSTRACT About 11.7% of the 19.3 million cancer cases in 2020 were breast cancer. This cancer is generally caused by overexpression of the HER-2 protein that plays a role in cell proliferation and growth. One type of breast cancer, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), accounts for 10-20% of all breast cancer cases. Lapatinib is one of a drug that has been used for HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, it's known that the drug can promote TNBC cell metastasis. Thus, it is necessary to search for more effective and safer compounds, such as compounds contained in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from olive plants for breast cancer treatment that can inhibit the activity of tyrosine kinase from the HER-2 protein. The purpose was to determine molecular interactions and pharmacokinetic profiles of phenolic derivatives from EVOO. The method used in this study was In silico study method carried out by simulating molecular docking, predicting the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of compounds, as well as drug-likeness that refers to Lipinski's Rule of Five. Compound 1-Acetoxypinoresinol is the best compound based on molecular docking results and its pharmacokinetic profile with a free binding energy of -4.74 kcal/mol, an inhibition constant of 335.19 µm, and interactions with the amino acid residue Asn237. The HIA and caco-2 values ??were 93.96% and 27.75%, PPB and BBB values ??were 77.58% and 0.026%, and not mutagenic and carcinogenic. The results obtained stated that Compound 1-Acetoxypinoresinol has the potential to be the best HER2 inhibitor among other compounds contained in EVOO content. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Extra virgin olive oil, Breast Cancer, HER-2, in silico

OPTIMIZATION OF TEMPERATURE OF Urine SAMPLE STORAGE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF METAMFETAMIN CONTENT AND ITS METABOLITS WITH GC-MS I. Mahmudi; N. M. Suaniti; N. P. Diantariani
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p04

Suhu penyimpanan sangat mempengaruhi hasil analisis sampel metamfetamin menggunakan kromatografi gas dan spektroskopi massa. Optimasi suhu penyimpanan terhadap analisis metamfetamin serta metabolitnya dengan kromatografi gas dan spektroskopi massa telah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membandingkan hasil pembacaan dan kadar senyawa metamfetamin pada sampel urin yang berbeda. Sampel urin normal, sampel urin normal yang ditambahkan sabu-sabu, dan sampel urin pengguna masing-masing dikumpulkan sebanyak 60 mL. Hasil uji pendahuluan menunjukkan sampel urin normal negatif MA, sampel urin normal yang ditambahkan sabu-sabu dan sampel urin pengguna sabu-sabu positif MA, kemudian masing-masing sampel dibagi tiga kelompok untuk analisis langsung dan disimpan dalam suhu 4 dan 25oC selama 14 hari. Hasil analisis dengan kromatogarfi gas, pada kromatogram sampel urin normal tidak terdeteksi adanya serapan senyawa MA maupun metabolitnya hanya muncul serapan seperti 9-octadecenamide, hexadecanamide, dodecanamide, dan tetradecanamide yang merupakan puncak serapan dari lemak essensial. Sementara pada kromatogram sampel urin normal yang ditambahkan sabu-sabu dan sampel urin pengguna muncul puncak senyawa MA pada Rt 5,27-5,28 tetapi metabolit MA yaitu amfetamin hanya muncul pada kromatogram sampel urin pengguna yaitu pada Rt 5,07-5,08. Data hasil analisis kromatografi gas didukung oleh data pecahan m/z 44, 58, 91, dan 134 yang merupakan pecahan khas senyawa MA dan m/z 44, 65, 91, dan 120 yang menunjukkan pecahan khas amfetamin. Suhu 4oC merupakan suhu optimum dalam penyimpanan sampel urin pengguna sabu-sabu area tidak terjadi penurunan kadar MA yang signifikan. Kata kunci: Amfetamin, gas kromatografi, metamfetamin, sampel urin, spektroskopi massa. ABSTRACT The storage temperature of the methamphetamine samples has significantly influenced the analysis results of the samples using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Optimization of the storage temperature for analysis of the methamphetamine and its metabolites by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy has been done aiming to compare the level of methamphetamine compound in different urine samples. Normal urine samples, normal urine samples added with methamphetamine, and urine samples of the methamphetamine users were each collected as much as 60 mL. The result of the methamphetamine-screening test showed that the normal urine samples were negative but the normal urine samples added with methamphetamine and urine samples of the methamphetamine users were positive. Each sample was then divided into three groups for direct analysis and stored at 4 and 25 oC for 14 days. The methamphetamine analysis using gas chromatography showed that the chromatogram of the normal urine samples did not show any absorption of methamphetamine or its metabolites. Still, the absorption of 9-octadecenamide, hexadecanamide, dodecanamide, and tetradecanamide was detected, which were the absorption peaks of essential fats. Meanwhile, the chromatogram of the normal urine added with methamphetamine and the urine samples of the methamphetamine users indicated the peak of methamphetamine compound detected at Rt 5.27-5.28, however, the amphetamine (methamphetamine’s metabolite) peak was only detected at the chromatogram of the urine samples of the methamphetamine user, which was at Rt 5.07-5.08. The data of the gas chromatography analysis were supported by the fraction of m/z 44, 58, 91, dan 134 which were typical fractions of methamphetamine, and m/z 44, 65, 91, dan 120 were typical fractions of amphetamine. The results showed that the temperature of 4 oC was the optimum temperature for storing urine samples of methamphetamine users because there was no significant decrease in methamphetamine levels. Keywords: Amphetamine, gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy, methamphetamine, urine sample.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TESTING OF THE GLYCOSIDE EXTRACT OF THE FRUIT Eggplant (Solanum betaceum Cav.) AGAINST Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. I. A. R. A. Asih; V. R. Sari; I G. A. G. Bawa
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p09

Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dapat ditangani dengan antibiotik. Terong belanda merupakan tanaman yang kaya nutrisi serta bermanfaat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak glikosida buah terong belanda terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus serta mengidentifikasi senyawa aktifnya. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi, pemisahan dan pemurnian dengan KLT, pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode sumur difusi, dan identifikasi senyawa aktif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan FTIR. Maserasi 2000 gram sampel dengan etanol menghasilkan 121,90 gram ekstrak kental. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi hasil kolom (fraksi FI-V) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli berturut-turut adalah 25,00 mm, 18,75 mm, 23,00 mm, 16,25 mm, dan 9,50 mm. Sedangkan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus masing-masing sebesar 29,00 mm, 20,00 mm, 28,00 mm, 18,00 mm dan 11,00 mm. Hasil identifikasi fraksi paling aktif (fraksi I) dengan UV-Vis, pereaksi geser dan FTIR diduga merupakan senyawa flavonoid golongan flavon yang mengandung gugus prenil pada C-6, gugus OH pada C-5,3’,4’ dan mengikat gula pada C-7, serta mengandung gugus fungsi -OH bebas, C-H aromatik, C-O eter, C-O alkohol, C=C aromatic, dan C=O alkohol. Kata kunci : Antibakteri, Escherichia coli, flavon, Staphylococcus aureus, terong belanda ABSTRACT Infectious diseases caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can be treated with antibiotics. Dutch eggplant is a plant rich in nutrients and useful for inhibiting the growth of bacteria. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the glycoside extract of Dutch eggplant against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and identify the active compounds of the eggplant. Extraction was carried out by maceration, while separation and purification were by TLC. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the diffusion well method, and the identification of the active compounds was done by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FTIR. Maceration of 2000 grams of the sample with ethanol produced 121.90 grams of thick extract. The antibacterial activity test resulted in the column yield fraction (FI-V) against Escherichia coli bacteria of 25.00 mm, 18.75 mm, 23.00 mm, 16.25 mm, and 9.50 mm, respectively, while the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria of 29.00 mm, 20.00 mm, 28.00 mm, 18.00 mm, and 11.00 mm, respectively. The identification of the most active fraction (fraction I) with UV-Vis, shear reagent, and FTIR indicated the flavonoid compounds of the flavone group containing prenyl groups at C-6, OH groups at C-5,3',4' and binding sugars at C -7, and contains a free -OH functional group, aromatic CH, CO ether, CO alcohol, C = C aromatic, and C = O alcohol. Keywords: antibacterial, Escherichia coli, flavones, Solanum betaceum Cav, Staphylococcus aureus.

EFEKTIVITAS JINTEN HITAM (Nigella sativa) DALAM UPAYA PENYISIHAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA AIR DARI SUMBER MATA AIR DI KECAMATAN SELEMADEG BARAT KABUPATEN TABANAN K. Swandiyasa; I W. B. Suyasa; I G. A. K. S. P. Dewi
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p14

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji daya hambat ekstrak air jinten hitam (Nigella sativa L.) terhadap penyisihan bakteri Escherichia coli pada air yang terdapat di sumber mata air Desa Tiying Gading Kecamatan Selemadeg Barat Kabupaten Tabanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan alat penyaring air dengan kombinasi bahan alami (pasir halus, jinten hitam dan karbon aktif), mengetahui kemampuan daya hambat ekstrak air jinten hitam terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli, serta mengetahui dosis dan waktu kontak optimum ekstrak air jinten hitam dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli. Metode yang digunakan adalah Plate Count Agar (PCA) dengan media pertumbuhan Cromocult Coliform agar (CCA). Didapatkan hasil bahwa ekstrak dan residu jinten hitam mampu menyisihkan berturut-turut sebesar 99,995% dan 88,095%, dengan dosis optimum 15 mL ekstrak jinten hitam pada waktu kontak 5 menit dan 15 mg residu jinten hitam pada waktu 10 menit. Laju kematian bakteri Escherichia coli tertinggi adalah 1,722/menit untuk ekstrak jinten hitam dan 1,423/menit pada residu jinten hitam. Ekstrak jinten hitam menunjukkan hasil yang lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan residu jinten hitam. Kata kunci: daya hambat, dosis, Escherichia coli, jinten hitam (Nigella sativa), waktu kontak. ABSTRACT Research has been conducted on the inhibition test of black cumin water extract (Nigella sativa L.) against the elimination of Escherichia coli bacteria in water found in the spring of Tiying Gading Village, Selemadeg Barat District, Tabanan Regency. This study aimed to determine the ability of water filters with a combination of natural materials (fine sand, black cumin and activated carbon) and the inhibition ability of black cumin water extract against the growth of E. coli bacteria, as well as the optimum dose and contact time of the black cumin water extract in inhibiting the growth of E. coli bacteria. The method used was Plate Count Agar (PCA) with Cromocult Coliform Agar (CCA) growth media. The results showed that black cumin extract and residue were able to remove 99.995% and 88.095%, respectively, with an optimum dose of 15 mL of black cumin extract at a contact time of 5 minutes, and 15 mg of black cumin residue at a contact time of 10 minutes. The highest death rate of Escherichia coli bacteria was 1.722/min for black cumin extract and 1.423/min for black cumin residue. The black cumin extract showed superior results compared to the black cumin residue. The presence of compounds such as thymoquinone in black cumin extract can increase the ability to eliminate Escherichia coli bacteria. Keywords: black cumin, contact time, dosage, Escherichia coli, inhibition power, Nigella sativa.

PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL DENGAN EKSTRAK JAMUR Aspergillus niger SERTA UJI ANTIBAKTERI VCO DENGAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus. I W. Suirta; I. A. R. A. Asih
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p05

Telah dilakukan pembuatan virgin coconut oil (VCO) dengan ekstrak jamur Aspergillus niger serta uji antibakteri VCO dengan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kualitas VCO ditentukan dengan uji kadar air, angka asam, angka penyabunan, angka iod, uji organoleptik, dan analisis GC-MS. Ekstraksi VCO tanpa menggunakan ekstrak jamur hanya mendapatkan VCO sebanyak 5,859 g. Penambahan ekstrak jamur A. niger 0,5% b/v menghasilkan VCO sebanyak 8,832 g, menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan yang sangat signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil uji kadar air, angka asam, angka penyabunan, dan angka iod masing-masing diperoleh: 0,1958; 0,2929; 5,0487; dan 0,2781, hasil ini sesuai dengan baku mutu VCO yang ditetapkan. Hasil uji organoleptik memberikan VCO yang tidak berwarna dan tidak berbau, dan hasil analisis GC-MS diperoleh kandungan asam lemak rantai medium dengan kandungan asam laurat sebagai komponen terbanyak. Hasil uji antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan kemampuan VCO dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan zona hambat 13,5 mm. Kata kunci: antibakteri, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, virgin coconut oil. ABSTRACT Preparation of virgin coconut oil (VCO) with Aspergillus niger fungi extract and the antibacterial test of the VCO with Staphylococcus aureus has been carried out. The quality test of the VCO included water content, acid number, saponification number, iodine value, organoleptic test, and GC-MS analysis. VCO extraction without using fungi extract only got 5.859 g of VCO. The addition of 0.5% w/v of A. niger fungi extracts produced 8.832 g of VCO, indicating a very significant increase (p <0.05). The water content, acid number, saponification number, and iodine value obtained were 0.158; 0.2929; 5.0487; and 0.2781 respectively, which met the VCO quality standard. The organoleptic test proved that the VCO was colourless and odourless. Meanwhile, the GC-MS analysis showed the content of medium-chain fatty acids with lauric acid as the largest component. The antibacterial test against Staphylococcus aureus indicated the ability of VCO to inhibit the growth of bacteria with an inhibition zone of 13.5 mm. Keywords: antibacterial, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, virgin coconut oil.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI BENTONIT-ZnO SERTA PEMANFAATANNYA DALAM DEGRADASI LIMBAH INDUSTRI PENCELUPAN I. E. Suprihatin; N. W. S. P. Dewi; I W. Suarsa
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p10

ABSTRAK Limbah yang dihasilkan dari industri tekstil berupa limbah cair yang keruh, berwarna dan sulit dihilangkan sehingga dapat mengganggu ekosistem perairan. Limbah hasil pencelupan dapat mencemari lingkungan karena menggunakan zat warna azo yang sulit untuk didegradasi. Salah satu metode yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengatasi ini adalah fotodegradasi. Dalam artikel ini dilaporkan sintesis fotokatalis bentonite-ZnO dan aplikasinya dalam fotodegradasi zat warna dalam limbah pencelupan. Karakterisasi fotokatalis dilakukan dengan melihat kristalinitas kompositnya menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), luas permukaannya dengan metode methylene blue serta penentuan efektivitas degradasi dengan dan tanpa sinar. Difraktogram yang dihasilkan menunjukkan beberapa puncak dengan intensitas tinggi: pada 2? = 20,51° (d=4,32Å) yang menunjukkan adanya mineral kuarsa sedangkan pada 2? = 26,28° (d=3,39Å) mengindikasikan illit. Puncak khas dari ZnO ditunjukkan pada pola difraksi 2? = 36,18° (d=2,46Å) dan 2? = 59,64° (d=1,54Å). Luas permukaan bentonit dan bentonit-ZnO berturut-turut 183,0665 dan 180,2460 m2/g. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh dalam mendegradasi zat warna limbah industri pencelupan yaitu massa 100 mg pada pH 2 dan waktu irradiasi atau pengadukan dalam gelap selama 45 menit. Degradasi dengan sinar lebih efektif (95,66 ± 0,16%) dibandingkan tanpa sinar (73,28 ± 0,55%) yang menunjukkan peran komposit bentonite-ZnO sebagai fotokatalis. Kata kunci: Bentonit-ZnO, Fotodegradasi, Limbah Industri Pencelupan ABSTRACT Liquid waste generated by the textile industry is typically murky, intensely coloured, and hard to treat. As a consequence, it can pollute the aquatic ecosystem. One potential method to overcome this problem is photodegradation to break the dye molecules down. In this paper the synthesis of bentonite-ZnO composite and its application as a photocatalyst are reported. The composite was prepared by sonicating a mixture of zinc acetate and bentonite. The characterization of the composite was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and methylene blue method to determine its surface area, and its degradation capacity as photocatalyst to degrade the dye waste. The diffractogram reveals several peaks with high intensity, i.e. at 2? = 20,51° (d = 4,32Å) indicating mineral quartz, and at 2? = 26,28° (d = 3,39Å) showing Illite. The identifying peaks of the ZnO are in the diffraction pattern of 2? of 36,18° (d = 2,46Å) and 59,64° (d = 1,54Å). The surface area of the bentonite and bentonite-ZnO are 183,0665 and 180,260 m2/g respectively. The optimum conditions obtained for the dye degradation are 100 mg photocatalyst at pH 2 and irradiation time of 45 minutes. Degradation under UV light is more effective with a degradation percentage of 95,66 ± 0,16% than that in the dark, which is 73,28 ± 0,55%. This shows that the composite plays its role as a photocatalyst for the degradation. Keywords: Bentonite-ZnO, Dyeing Industrial Waste, Photodegradation.

Synthesis and Characterization of SRF Fertilizer using a Mixture of Urea and Bentonite Clays K. R. Pangestu; P. Suarya; I. A. G. Widihati
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p01

Penggunaan pupuk nitrogen secara berlebihan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan serta merusak kondisi tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pupuk slow release fertilizer (SRF) mengunakan formula campuran lempung bentonit dengan urea. Sintesis pupuk SRF mengunakan metode pencampuran padat-cair dengan mengelusikan senyawa urea ke dalam 20 g lempung bentonit dengan variasi massa urea sebesar 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 g. Karakterisasi terhadap hasil sintesis pupuk SRF dilakukan dengan FTIR dan metode Kjeldahl. Spektra FTIR menunjukkan adanya vibrasi dari gugus fungsi N-H, C=O, dan C-N yang menjadi penyusun pupuk urea pada bilangan gelombang 3506.59, 1691.57, dan 1176.58. Kadar nitrogen yang terkandung dalam pupuk SRF di analisis dengan metode Kjeldhal dan didapatkan kadar nitrogen tertinggi sebesar 13.35 g/100g, dengan komposisi lempung bentonit 20 g dan 50 g pupuk urea. Kata kunci: lempung bentonit, slow release fertilizer, urea. ABSTRACT Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental pollution and damages soil conditions. This research aimed to synthesis a slow release fertilizer (SRF) using a mixture of bentonite clay with urea. The synthesis of SRF using the solid –liquid method was carried out by eluting the urea fertilizer in the 20 g of bentonite clay with various masses of urea of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g. The characterization of the SRF was done by FTIR and Kjeldhal methods. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of vibration of N-H, C=O, and C-N functional groups, which indicated the urea constituents, at the wave number of 3506.59, 1691.57, and 1176.58 cm-1. The nitrogen content in the SRF analyzed by the Kjeldhal method resulted in the highest value of 13.35 g/100g prepared with a composition of 20 g of bentonite clay and 50 g of urea fertilizer. Keywords: bentonite clay, slow release fertilizer, urea.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDANT DAN ANTIBAKTERI (Staphylococus epidermidis) EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH RENGGAK (Amomum dealbatum ) TANAMAN KHAS LOMBOK M. Azim; P. Hariadi; T. Yuliana
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p11

Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb) merupakan tanaman merumpun yang masih jarang dieksplorasi serta masih jarang digali aktivitasnya. Tanaman yang masih tergolong sebagai famili zingiberaceae ini memungkinkan dapat digali sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan dari ekstrak kulit renggak serta analisis fitokimia dari tanaman tersebut. Ekstraki dilakukan menggunakan pelarut metanol sementara aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan metode DPPH secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ekstraknya dilakukan terhadap Staphylococus epidermidis dengan metode sumuran difusi agar dengan media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Hasil analisis antibakteri didapatkan zona hambat terbaik dengan konsentrasi 50% sebesar 17,65 mm sebagai konsentrasi terbaik. Sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit renggak menunjukkan nilai IC50 sebesar 244,904 µg/ml. . Hasil analisis fitokimia dari ekstrak kulit renggak mengandung, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Renggak masih perlu dieksplorasi lebih dalam lagi termasuk isolasi senyawa yang berperan sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Kata kunci: amomum dealbatum roxb, antibakteri, antioksidan, ekstrak kulit renggak. ABSTRACT Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb) is a clumping plant rarely explored in their activities. This plant, classified as the Zingiberaceae family, allows it to be explored as an antioxidant and antibacterial. The purpose of this research was to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the peel extract of renggak as well as the phytochemical analysis of the extract. Extraction was carried out using methanol as the solvent while antioxidant activity was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative DPPH methods. The antibacterial activity test of the extract was investigated on Staphylococcus epidermidis using the agar diffusion well method with Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. The results of the antibacterial analysis obtained 17.65 mm of the inhibition zone with an optimum concentration of 50%. While the antioxidant activity of the peel extract of renggak showed an IC50 value of 244.904 µg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Renggak still needs to be explored further, including the isolation of compounds that act as antibacterial and antioxidants. Keywords: amomum dealbatum Roxb, antibacterial, antioxidant, peel extract of renggak.

Comparison Of Fatty Acid Extraction Methods With Soxhlet and Maceration in Coffee Powder N. T. Berghuis; P. Maulana
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p06

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi asam lemak pada bubuk kopi dengan metode sokhletasi (S) dan maserasi (M) terhadap ampas serta bubuk kopi sehingga menghasilkan minyak kopi. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah membandingkan prosentase kelimpahan asam lemak di dalam bubuk kopi melalui perbandingan metode ekstraksi. Perhitungan yang dilakukan diantaranya adalah %rendemen, %Asam lemak bebas (ALB). Sedangkan karakterisasi produk hasil ekstraksi dilakukan dengan analisis KLT, spektroskopi FTIR serta analisis GC-MS. Hasil rendemen yang didapatkan pada sampel S (sokletasi ampas kopi), M1 (maserasi ampas kopi , dan M2 (maserasi bubuk kopi) berurutan adalah 18,69%; 5,62%; 5,95%. Sedangkan hasil analisis GC-MS didapatkan % kelimpahan asam lemak oleat dan palmitat secara berurutan pada sampel M1 adalah 18%; 82%. Untuk sampel M2 adalah 71,7%; 16,6%. Untuk sampel S adalah 54,6%; 45,4%. Sedangkan %ALB pada sampel M1, M2, dan S secara berturut adalah 29,3%; 1,1%; 3,2%. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan interaksi vibrasi yang muncul pada semua sampel adalah vibrasi tekuk ikatan C=C alkena (722 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan C-O alkohol tersier (1163 cm-1), vibrasi tekuk ikatan CH alkana (1460 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan C=O karboksilat (1744 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan CH alkana (2926 cm-1), dan vibrasi Streching ikatan O-H asam karboksilat (3007 cm-1). Kata Kunci: ekstraksi, bubuk kopi, GC-MS, maserasi, soklet. ABSTRACT In this study, the extraction of fatty acids in coffee powder by soxhlet (S) and maceration (M) methods was carried out to produce coffee oil. The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage of fatty acid abundance in coffee grounds through a comparison of extraction methods. The calculations performed including % yield and % free fatty acids (ALB). Meanwhile, the characterization of the extracted product was carried out by TLC analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis. The yield obtained for the samples S, M1, and M2 was 18.69%; 5.62%; 5.95%, respectively. The GC-MS analysis results showed that the percentage of abundance of the oleic and palmitic fatty acids in the sample M1 was 18% and 82%, in the sample M2 was 71.7% and 16.6%, as well as in the sample S was 54.6% and 45.4% , respectively. While the percentage of ALB on samples M1, M2, and S was 29.3%; 1.1%; 3.2%, respectively. FTIR characterization showed that the vibrational interaction appeared in all samples were the bending vibration of the C=C alkene bond (722 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the tertiary CO alcohol bond (1163 cm-1), the bending vibration of the CH alkane bond (1460 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the C=O carboxylate bond (1744 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the CH alkane bond (2926 cm-1), and the stretching vibration of the OH bond of the carboxylic acid (3007 cm-1). Keywords: extraction, coffee powder, GC-MS, maceration, soxhlet.

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Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Ni Putu Diantariani

Contact Email jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Phone +628123640424

Journal Mail Official jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Editorial Address Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Udayana Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia

Location Kota denpasar, Bali INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Ni Putu Diantariani

Contact Email
jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Phone
+628123640424

Journal Mail Official
jurnalkimia@unud.ac.id

Editorial Address
Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Udayana Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia

Location
Kota denpasar,

Bali

INDONESIA