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Articles 245 Documents
ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF SOUR-SOP LEAF EXTRACT AS BIOPESTICIDE Purnomo, Harsoyo; Utami, Afri
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
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ABSTRACT Sour-sop (Annona muricata L) leaf extract is predicted that it can be used as biopes- ticide which is safe to environmental condition. But, toxicity acut test still important to do. The objective of this research is to estimate of the is exposure dose causing 50% mortality (96-h LD50 95% CI) to test orgasnism during 96 h. Toxicity tests with 50 Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were conducted in 20 liters test solution. Five mouthed jar contain 4 liters of test solution with different dose. At least 10 Goldfish weighing 3—5 g were tested at each dose (0 ppm, 12500 ppm, 13250 ppm, 14000 ppm, and 14750 ppm). Toxicity data were analyzed by statistical linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics 19. The result prediction with regression estimation was obtained logarithmic (log) va-lue scale  interpolation LD50 is 4.142. Transforming (antilog) of this value was obta-ined 96-h LD50 95% CI = 13868 ppm. Conclusion, Sirsak leaf extract can be used as biopesticide with safety limit 1387 ppm. Key words: toxicity, sour-sop leaf extract, LD50, Carassius auratus, biopesticide.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEARNING TOOLS OF BIOLOGY TEACHING MATERIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ORIENTED ENTREPRENEURSHIP ., Prasetiyo; ., Sumarno
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
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ABSTRACT Waste management material on the subjects of biology can be used to enhance the values ​​of entrepreneurship for students. Therefore, we need to develop relevant learning tools. The purpose of this research is to develop entrepreneurship-oriented learning tool which is effective to increase the values ​​of students entrepreneurship. The study was conducted in SMA 11 Semarang (Semarang 11 th high school) with the subject of tenth grade students of the 2010/2011 school year. The type of research is the research and development (R & D). This research is used to produce certain products, as well as test the effectiveness of these products. Product to be produced is the learning tools of biology that include: instructional materials, lesson plans, syllabi and worksheets. The result showed that the resulting product has validity value of (Va.) = 4. The average score for syllabi, lesson plans, teaching materials and worksheets is = 4. In addition, the entrepreneurship learning interest of students in entrepreneurship-oriented waste management learning have increased 8.2% for ordinary regular classes and 6.4% for the excellent class. The conclusion is, the entrepreneurial-oriented learning tool developed is effective way to increase entrepreneurship interest in learning biology. Key words: waste, entrepreneurship, learning tools
THE USE OF Cymbopogon nardus AS Aedes aegypti LARVASIDA S.D., Endah Rita; Ningtyas, Dewi Ratna
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
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ABSTRACT Control of mosquitoes as vectors of disease is generally performed using synthetic pesticides, with all its negative impacts. So it takes an effort to obtain alternative materials which are more environmentally friendly but also effective in controlling insects that is botanical pesticides. This study aims at: 1) determining the correct dosage of  leaves extracts and stem of citronella as a botanical pesticide exterminator of  Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae;  2) determining LD50 extracts of leaves and stems of citronella and safe limits for non target organisms. This research was done in Salatiga B2P2VRP Laboratory and the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Diponegoro. The method used is a bioassay (biological assay) , i.e. acute toxicity testing of chemicals using the or-ganism as a test animal. Subjects were Aedes aegypti three sub stadium (instar) as test target animals, and Goldfish (Carassius auratus) as test animals are not the target. Data obtained from test animals actually target and non target animals were analyzed and interpreted by a simple linear regression analysis. The result showed  that  LD100 Aedes aegypti larvae mortality was  24575 ppm, and the LD50 is amounted to 35000 ppm, then the safe limit for other non target organism (environment) is 3500 ppm. The conclusion is that citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) can be used as a botanical pesticide with a safe margin for other organisms is 3500 ppm. Key words: Cymbopogon nardus, larvasida, Aedes aegypti, LD50, Carassius auratus.
THE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ESTIMATION OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS IN A SIMPLE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM Purnomo, Harsoyo
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
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ABSTRACT The knowledge of net primary production of  herbaceous plants on certain area is very important  because the net primary production can be used to estimate the envi-ronmental support, estimating the competitiveness of  herbaceous plants (weeds) to-ward the cultivated plants which become problems for farmers. The objective of the study was to investigate: (i). the increase rates of biomass (standing crop) or net primary production per unit area in one month; (ii) estimation of total net primary production of herbaceous plants in research area;  (iii) the fac-tors that directly affect on continuous gradual change of biomass during research pe-riod; (iv) the community composition of herbaceous plants in research area. The net primary production estimation study was carried out on rubber plantation area Mijen, Semarang. Ten stands were selected subjectively,  and in each stand was placed three permanent plots, each is 40 X 25 cm. From the plot 1 the living and dead plant material should be collected.  From plot 2, all of the living shoot material should be removed but all of the dead plant material left in place. At the end of the production period, the dead shoot material should be collected from plot II and the living shoot material, dead shoot material, and total root material from plot 3. The material should be sorted, and dried at oven at 100o C for 48 hours and weighed. The result of the study shows that there is difference of dry weights (standing crop biomass) on the beginning and the end of research is 9.525 g/plot for living shoot material, and 5.483 g/plot for dead shoot material. Mean of total net production in one month is 25.899 g/plot or 103,596 g-cal/m2. The factors that directly affect on continuous gradual change of biomass during research period is edaphic and climatic factors. The communitycomposition of herbaceous plants in research area was dominated by Brachiaria reptans. The conclusion is that the net primary production in research area was estimated. The continuous gradual change of  biomass during  research period was affected by environmental condition that is edaphic and climatic factors Key words: primary production; herbaceous; biomass; community, ecosystem.
POTENCY OMEGA-9 OLEIC ACID IN THE AVOCADO FRUIT MESOCARP CHOLESTEROL LOWERING BLOOD SERUM Wasikin Haryanti, Eny Hartadiyati
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
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Avocado is high in fat, contained in the development of forms of mono-unsaturated fats (monounsaturated fatty acids), namely omega-9: 72.2% oleic acid. This fatty acid configuration can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol in intestines and not easily oxidized than linoleum and lino-lenic acid. Therefore, it improves blood serum cholesterol levels. This study aims to analyze the changes in HDL and LDL cholesterol in the serum of mice  hypercholesterolemic effect of omega-9 oleic acid on the avocado fruit mesocarp. The design of this study is the pre and post with control group (ran-domized control pre post test design). Animal experiment (Rattus norve-gicus strain Sprague Dawley) was given treatment: P0 group was given standard food + 0 mg avocado fruit mesocarp; P1 groups was given stan-dard food + avocado fruit mesocarp dose 1.35 g / day; the group P2 was given standard food + avocado fruit mesocarp 2.7 g / day; groups P3 of rats was given standard food + avocado fruit mesocarp dose 4.05 g / day. The result showed a decrease of  blood serum levels of LDL cholesterol, and elevated levels of blood serum HDL cholesterol, which is significant at 5% probability level. The conclusion is oleic acid omega-9 in the avocado fruit mesocarp  has the potential to lower LDL cholesterol blood serum of rats. Key words: omega-9 oleic acid, cholesterol, avocado, blood serum, LDL, HDL.
EFFECT OF PATTERN RATION WITH ADDITION OF SHRIMP WASTE AND SPINACH ON BODY WEIGHT INCREASE KAMPONG CHICKEN Saadah, Fitriani Ulfatus; Sulistyoningsih, Mei
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
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Chicken is one source of animal protein for humans. Chicken body weight can be used as one indicator of the amount of protein in the body of chicken. Therefore, efforts to increase body weight become very im-portant in poultry, especially kampong chickens. This study aims to determine the significance of the pattern of food ra-tions by the addition of shrimp waste and spinach to the increased weight of kampong chicken (Gallus bankiva) the most effective. The study was conducted in Semarang. The subjects were 60 chickens that are kept for eight weeks. The design used was completely ran-domized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates. Data analyzed by Anova. The results shows that the influence of ration patterns with the addition of shrimp waste and spinach of weight gain, which is very significant at 1% probability level. The highest mean is in D treatment (ration plus the waste of shrimp and spinach) The conclusion is, the pattern of the feed ration is very important in in-creasing kampong chicken body weight. If the pattern rations are proper, the addition of chicken body weight will reach the optimum. Waste shrimp and spinach can meet the nutritional needs of kampong chicken. Key words: kampong chicken, body weight, ration, wastes of shrimp, spinach
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEARNING TOOLS VISIONARY SETS MATERIAL COORDINATION SYSTEM Chotimah, Nurul
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
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Teachers, as facilitators should be creative in designing the learning process. One design alternative that can be used is a learning process oriented SETS. The study aims to determine the role of learning in biological vision SETS in-crease student learning outcomes biology of MAN Lasem Rembang. Research is a research and development (R & D), Kemp model. The study was done in two stages. The first stage is the stage of development of the device and the second stage is the stage of real learning. The results showed an increase in student learning outcomes, activity, process skills, a positive response from students and teachers, and student learning outcomes. The conclusion is, the development of learning tools SETS vision was in-strumental and helpful in the learning process and student learning outcomes on the subjects of biology. Key words: learning tools, SETS, coordination systems, multimedia, learning outcomes
THE EFFECT OF SEVERAL CONCENTRATIONS OF SAKAWA PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF LERAK (Sapindus rarak DC) ON COMPOST MEDIA Sumiasri, Nurul; Priadi, Dody; Kabinawa, I.N.K.
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
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Study of the effect of several concentrations of plant growth regulator (Sa-kawa) on seed germination and seedling growth of lerak (Sapindus rarak D.C ) on compost media was carried out in the Plant and Animal Germplasm Garden of Cibinong. The objective of this study was to know optimum concentration of plant growth regulator on growth of lerak This study was arranged by using randomized complete design (RCD) with 3 (three) replications. The treatments of concentrations variation of plant growth regulator i.e.  0 (control), 1, 2 and 3 ml/l were used. Each treatment consists of 5 samples (individuals).. The results showed that  the good concentration to the growth parameter  such as growth percentage, plant height, total leaves, root length and total root were 2 ml of Sakawa in  1ml/l (one liter of water). Keywords: sakawa plant growth regulator, growth, seedling, Sapindus rarak compost
CHANGES OF WEED COMMUNITIES IN SECONDARY SUCCESSION ON RICE FIELD AREA WITH DIFFERENT WATER PUDDLE Purnomo, Harsoyo
BIOMA Vol 1, No 2, Oktober (2011): Bioma
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The composition of weed communities in rice fields is always changing from time to time, or having a secondary succession. What is the pattern of change, and what factors affecting it needs to study as the cornerstone of efforts to eliminate or mini-mize the competition between weeds and crops through to appropriate controls. The study aims to determine the pattern of changes in weed community compositi- on, the factors that affecting and determine the right moment for its control. Research done in the area Mijen, Semarang. Three each plot measuring 100 m2 each chosen selectively according to the level of water puddle, namely the wet rice field (irrigated rice fields), dry rice field (rainfed rice field), and moderate rice field (me-sic). Into each plot was placed 15 permanent circular quadrat frames with the size of one square meter randomly. Observations carried out every two weeks once, by calculating the density species. Data were analyzed and interpretation with Shannon -Wiener diversity index, and PIE (Probability of Interspecific Encounter). The results showed the general community of progressive change, and is rhythmic. In the wet plot there are 20 species of weeds, the mesic plot is 29 species, and dry plot 38 species. Diversity index and the highest PIE being found on the plot mesic. At week 4, the emergence of weeds in wet plots reached 90.69%, the moderate plot  (mesic) 68.77%, and the dry plot 58.40% of the total individual. The conclusion is, changes in weed communities affected by the level of water pud-dle. Higher levels of the water puddle, the fewer the number of its kind, and the faster the rate of emergence. Continuous inundation can prevent the emergence of some weed species. Most appropriate for the control (weeding) weed is between weeks 4 and weeks 6 after transplanting. Key words: rice field area, secondary succession, weed communities, water puddles, diversity.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERPERSPEKTIF KEWIRAUSAHAAN Prasetiyo, Endah Rita S.D. Sumarno
BIOMA Vol 1, No 2, Oktober (2011): Bioma
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Endah Rita Sulistya Dewi, Sumarno, dan PrasetiyoJurusan Pendidikan BiologiIKIP PGRI SemarangDEVELOPMENT LEARNING MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP PERSPECTIVEABSTRACTGraduates High School (SMA) not all go on to college. The government policy to convert a High School (SMA) become Vocational High School (SMK) with a ratio 30 : 70 for produce human resources (HR) are ready to work, limited support in reducing the number of unemployed. One cause of unemployment is the only edu-cational system that produces a force of technical skill.The purpose of this study was to develop a model of learning and teaching materials entrepreneurial perspective.The experiment was conducted in Semarang in SMA 9 academic year 2010 / 2011 Research subjects were students SMA 9 semester one class X, which is selected by cluster random sampling technique. This type of study is a research and develop-ment (R&D). Testing a model that was developed using a one group pretest-posttest design.The results showed: (1) the validity of the model = 3.7 and teaching materials = 3, (2) effectiveness, which is a change in students entrepreneurship interests acquired several indicators of students entrepreneur interests include the willingness to achi-eve the goals and needs of life, belief in own strength, physical and mental endu-rance, perseverance and tenacity to work and strive, creative and constructive think-ing, and dare to take risks. Indicators of fairness, and responsibility and oriented to the future has not experienced an increase.The conclusion is, learning model of entrepreneurship perspective is valid, and te-aching materials are developed sufficiently valid and effective for use in the lear-ning process.Key words: learning models, teaching materials, entrepreneurshipABSTRAKLulusan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) tidak semuanya melanjutkan ke perguruan tinggi. Kebijakan pemerintah untuk mengkonversi SMA menjadi SMK dengan ratio 30 : 70 untuk menghasilkan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang siap kerja, kurang menunjang dalam menurunkan jumlah pengangguran. Salah satu penyebab peng-angguran adalah sistem pendidikan yang hanya menghasilkan tenaga teknikal skill.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model pembelajaran dan bahan ajar berperspektif kewirausahaan.Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA 9 Semarang pada tahun ajaran 2010/ 2011. Subjekpenelitian adalah siswa SMA 9 kelas X semester I, yang dipilih dengan teknik sam-pling acak kelompok. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Pengujian model yang dikembangkan menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) validitas model = 3.7 dan bahan ajar = 3; (2) keefektifan, yang merupakan perubahan minat wira usaha siswa diperoleh beberapa indikator minat wirausaha siswa di antaranya adalah kemauan keras untuk mencapai tujuan dan kebutuhan hidup, keyakinan atas kekuatan sendiri, ketahanan fisik dan mental, ketekunan dan keuletan bekerja dan berusaha, pemikiran yang kreatif dan konstruktif, serta berani mengambil risiko. Indikator sikap jujur dan tanggung jawab serta berorientasi ke masa depan belum mengalami peningkatan.Kesimpulannya ialah, model pembelajaran berperspektif kewirausahaan adalah valid, dan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan cukup valid dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.Kata-kata kunci: model pembelajaran, bahan ajar, kewirausahaan

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