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STRATEGI PENENTUAN LOKASI DAN KEBUTUHAN LAHAN TPS (TEMPAT PENAMPUNGAN SEMENTARA SAMPAH) BERDASARKAN FUNGSI KAWASAN DI KOTA DENPASAR Ismid Achmad; I Made Sudarma; Syamsul Alam Paturusi
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

The percentage of solid waste services Denpasar City in 2013 reached 51,8 percent, the limited number and capacity TPS in Denpasar not meet the needs of waste management services in denpasar. The study was to examine the relevant strategies appropriate to the criteria and requirements related to the determination of the location of TPS and the land need. The position of the study is Part Of The City (BWK) Central in Denpasar. Analysis of technical aspects will evaluation garbage production in order to know the ideal needs of TPS, the evaluation of TPS placement based on the function of the area and the land needed. Environmental aspect will analyze the environmental risk due to the presence of a TPS. Analysis of public opinion and the behavior of people will use a questionnaire in the collection of data to be analyzed with qualitative methods as a consideration in determining the location and design of a TPS. Institutional aspect will be evaluated about the understanding DKP (Office of Cleaning and Gardening Services) employees of the City of Denpasar in the management of garbage, especially in the TPS. As for determining the direction and strategy of the management of garbage SWOT analysis was used.Based on the analysis, the need for the addition of TPS to improve the capacity of TPS, the shape of TPS had comply standard of SNI and environmental safety factor. Additions and changes in the shape of TPS also effect land requirement, the total area of land that must be reserved for TPS is 0,40 hectares. Determining the location of TPS is based on the need of the type of TPS over the spatial pattern. Analysis of public opinion on the determination of the location of TPS, it is obtained that the distance of a TPS with the source must be relatively close and the land use is a vacant land. It is also suggested optimizing the role of the DKP of Denpasar by increasing socialization and community development programs in waste management.

INVENTARISASI EMISI SUMBER BERGERAK DI JALAN (ON ROAD) KOTA DENPASAR Christine Prita Purwanto
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

The growth of population in Denpasar City followed by increasing of transportation facilities that potentially cause pollution by vehicle emissions and cause serious environmental problems and which has adverse effect to the human health. The research aimed to estimate the number and distribution of emission gases on air pollutants, such as: PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, CO2 and HC. The calculation of estimated based on road mobile sources (On Road) in Denpasar City, includes all known sources such as the highway, small roads, terminals, and parking lots. The calculation of emissions is calculated by using the approach of emission estimation method. The total load of emissions by moving source on the street in Denpasar for each pollutant gases are: value of NOx is 3765.89 tons/year , value of SO2 is 212.34 tons/year, value of HC is 20049.87 tons/year, value of PM10 is 444.16 tons/year, value of CO2 is 984,280.21 tons/ year, and value of CO is 55432.04 tons/year. Overall, the total load of pollutant emissions gases of Denpasar City is greater than the total load of pollutant emissions gases in Palembang city. Spatially, the distribution of pollutant gas emissions are not spread evenly. The pollutants emissions of NOx, CO2, and HC for each gases have the highest values are about 115 – 239 tons/year, 26.944 – 4.735 tons/year, and 471 – 954 tons/year distributed at West Denpasar District and Niti Mandala Renon area. The highest pollutans emission of SO2 is about 15,5-44 tons/year, distributed at West Denpasar District. The highest pollutans emission of PM10 is about 11,5-21 tons/year, distributed at West Denpasar District, Badung Market area, Puputan Square area, and Niti Mandala Renon area. The highest CO pollutant emission is about 1277-1912 tons/year, distributed at West Denpasar District, Badung Market area, Puputan Square area, Niti Mandala Renon area, and Udayana University area.

ANALISIS PERPUTARAN RADIASI SURYA TERHADAP KINERJA SEL FOTOLISTRIK SEBAGAI ENERGI RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI NUSA PENIDA KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG PROVINSI BALI I N. Suastaka; I Gede Mahardika; M.S. Mahendra
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Photoelectric cells is an equipment made of semiconductor material of Silicone (Si14) functioned to catchand converse sun light to become electric energy directly. Through photoelectric phenomenon, that sun lightas particles with frequency/wavelength of certain light can release electrons in a material. This electrons’movement can produce electric current. The aim of this research was to find out the performance of aphotoelectric cells collector in conversing sun light to become electric energy due to the rotation of solarradiation in Nusa Penida.The research was conducted at PLTS electric home solar system Nusa Penida for 5 days the measurementto the parameter of Current (Isc) and Voltage (Vsc). Each measurement had duration of lighting for 8 hourseach from 09.00 until 16.00 Central Indonesian Time, with time interval of 30 minutes. Measurement anddata analysis produced in the research on Saturday, June 29th 2013 obtained: the amount of solar radiationarrived at earth’s outer atmosphere was 1321.90 W/m2, and passed along to earth’s surface at 621.29 W/m2,and received by photoelectric cells collector as heat power at 113.63 Watt, and efficiency produced was 25.3%,and electric power produced was 28.74 Watt, and can be equalized with fossil energy of 0.0237 liter ofgasoline, or equivalent to 106.65 rupiah. It meant that, photoelectric cells collector with area of 50 x 110cm2in a day can protect earth from global warming of 28.74 Watt, in using of fossil energy at 0.0237 liter ofgasoline.The efficient performance of photoelectric cells was still considered small. In order to achieve big capacityof electric power required a lot of collector modules and large area, so that with the growing of semiconductortechnology, it is expected that whenever possible it can reduce electron binding energy on material, andoptimize solar lighting system to photoelectric cells collector modules, so that the efficient performance ofphotoelectric cells can be expected to be above 90%.

INVENTARISASI EMISI SUMBER BERGERAK DARI TRANSPORTASI LAUT (NON-ROAD) DI WILAYAH PESISIR KOTA DENPASAR Desak Putu Risky V.A; I Wayan Arthana; I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

The development of marine transportation in Denpasar City followed by increasing number of visiting tourists who came to Denpasar City. This situation will contribute to air pollution problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the emission load produced by sea transportation in Denpasar City and the distribution of emissions gases such as NOx, SOx, HC, PM10, CO and CO2.Emission load calculations based on the guidelines of the EMEP Corinair Guidebook using Tier 3, which the emission factors used refer to the CORINAIR GB 2013 1.A.3.d. The results showed a total emission load from non-road mobile sources of marine transportation in the Denpasar city such as NOx is 14,583.69 tons/year, SOx by 85.49 tons/year, HC by 746.05 tons/year, PM10 at 503.53 tons/year, CO at 123,123.58 tons/year, and CO2 of 1,457,909.95 tons/year. Distribution of the source of pollutants mapped using GIS (Geographic Information System) shows that the emission load of NOx, SOx, HC and PM10 are likely identical, which mostly distributed around Benoa Port, but CO2 and CO have different patterns . The pattern of distribution of NOx, SOx, HC, and PM10 with the highest intensity follows the contours of the ships from Benoa Port. CO gas distribution pattern follows the contours of the ship from the Serangan Port and Sanur Port, CO2 gas distribution pattern almost evenly in almost all flow well from the Serangan Port, Sanur Port and Benoa Port

ARAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN PERENCANAAN KONSERVASI TANAH DAN AIR DI DAS YEH EMPAS, TABANAN, BALI I Gusti Agung Lanang Widyantara; I Nyoman Merit; I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Damage to forest resources has caused the environmental balance of watersheds (DAS) becomes damaged. It often causes the result of high levels of erosion. One of the land use changes that are currently happening is in Yeh Empas watershed. With this research can be known the proposed land use and appropriate land use planning on Yeh Empas watershed. Erosion prediction using the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) method is to estimate how much the rate of erosion is happening and also to get an idea how good land management actions for the region. The proposed land use determination is using the scoring method by combining the slope factor of the field, the soil sensitivity of erosion, and the intensity of daily rainfall. Soil sampling was done by taking soil samples from a total of 11 samples of soil from the land unit. This research conducted to estimate the rate of erosion, to determines how much erosion can be tolerated in Yeh Empas watershed, and its relationship with the factors that influence it, as well as to determine the proposed of land use. The results of erosion prediction on each unit of land in the research area ranged from 1.75 to 1,254.96 tons/ha/year and has a grade level of erosion from slight to very severe. The result of tolerated erosion ranged from 15.06 to 24.32 tons/ha/year. The value of erosion prediction that exceeded from tolerated erosion value occurs on land units 7, 8, and 9. On that land units required proposed of land use and soil conservation techniques so that the value of erosion prediction could be below from tolerated erosion value. The analysis results of the proposed land use in Yeh Empas watershed, for areas inside the forest is proposed to protected forest (land units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) and the management is by planting plants that are adapted to the contour lines of slope. In the areas outside the forest is proposed for annual crop cultivation area (land units 7, 8, and 9)the management with the farming plantation development, high density growing crops and terracing and also for crops cultivation area (land units 10 and 11) management by mulching, cover soil with high density and terracing.

BEBAN EMISI AKTIVITAS LTO PESAWAT UDARA DI BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL I GUSTI NGURAH RAI BALI Yohanis Umbu Kaleka; I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa; M.S. Mahendra
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

I Gusti Ngurah Rai Bali International Airport is the second highest airport in activity level in Indonesia. Flight activity in this airport increases every year, with an increase of 20% from 2011 until the end of 2012. The research aimed to identify how much the LTO (Landing-Take-Off) emission activity in I Gusti Ngurah Rai Bali International Airport. The purpose of this research was to identify how much the emission is and the effect of LTO activities towards the ambient air condition of CO and NOx around the airport. Three measurement points and three days recent flight were applied to understand the emission spreading characteristic in every LTO phases. The three phases of LTO which are consisted of take-off phase, taxi in phase and landing phase, were the main focus of this research. The three recent flights were on Monday 5 of May, on Wednesday 7 of May and on Saturday 10 of May in 2014. Regression bifilar linear statistical analysis method was employed to identify the effect and how big the CO and NOx emission contribution towards the ambient air quality. The results of this research showed that the emission of aircraft activity in LTO phases was effected by the ambient air concentration of CO and NOx. It was proved with the result from F test simultaneous with significant level average 0,033 < 0,005 and with r value that exists between 0,77 – 0,97 with mean contribution was 79,1%. Take-off phase was the phase that produced the biggest NOx gas emission compared to the other phases. When the aircraft did the take-off phase, the thrust was used reached 100%, the purpose was to produce the big energy. The combustion that happened in take-off phase in aircraft machine classified in perfect combustion, also this thing effected the phase to produce the smallest CO gas emission compared with the other phases. Taxi in phase was a phase that produced the biggest CO emission between the two other phases, it was happened because the thrust needed just 7% only so the combustion in aircraft machine classified in imperfect combustion and it was effected the CO emission was increasingly while the landing phase was the phase that produced the smallest CO and NOx gas emission compared to the other phases. Measurement results of the CO and NOx concentration in every point in three days recent flight was still under the quality standard that has been settled appropriate in Government Act number 41 year 1999..

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP HASIL AIR DI DAS CISADANE HULU Nilda Nilda; I Wayan Sandi Adnyana; I Nyoman Merit
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Air merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar yang sangat penting bagi manusia. Terdapat beberapa faktor utama penyebab perubahan sumber daya air, diantaranya adalah perubahan penutupandan pengelolaan lahan yang meningkatkan kekedapan lahan.Salah satu tujuan pengelolaan DAS adalah mencapai kondisi tata air optimal yang dapat dikenali dari sifat aliran sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui distribusi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang terjadi di wilayah DAS Cisadane Hulu dari tahun 2003 sampai 2010; (2) mengetahui perubahan hasil air akibat distribusi perubahan penggunaan lahan. Daerah kajian penelitian adalah DAS Cisadane Hulu dengan luasan sekitar 22.288,01 ha. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua tahap yaitu analisis perubahan penggnaan lahan dan prediksi aliran dengan model HEC-HMS. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan peta pengunaan lahan dari BIG (Badan Informasi Geospasial) tahun 2003 dan Peta Penggunaan Lahan tahun 2010 hasil interpretasi Citra ALOS. Selanjutnya kedua peta tersebut dianalisis dengan metoda tabel silang (cross tabel) untuk memperoleh data perubahan penggunaan lahan dari setiap kelas penggunaannya. Kedua data series penggunaan lahan ini digunakan sebagai input pada model prediksi debit aliran HEC-HMS. Selanjutnya dibangun juga skenario-skenario untuk melihat dampak perubahan lahan terhadap debit aliran di DAS Cisadane Hulu. Metode bilangan kurva (SCS-CN) dipilih untuk menghitung besar curah hujan efektif, yaitu dari pengurangan curah hujan bruto dengan berbagai bentuk kehilangan air (loss). Transformasi dari curah hujan efektif menjadi hidrograf aliran langsung (direct runoff) diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode hidrograf satuan SCS Curve Number. Selama kurun waktu 2003 – 2010 terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan di DAS Cisadane Hulu. Luas Hutan bertambah 223,78 ha, pemukiman 214,78 ha, rumput/tanah kosong 85, 73 ha, dan gedung 12, 64 ha. Terjadi penguarangan luas semak belukar 225,64 ha, tegalan/ladang 145,92 ha, sawah irigasi 124, 92 ha, sawah tadah hujan 30,67 ha, dan kebun/perkebunan 9,92 ha. Hasil dari simulasi dengan menggunakan peta penggunaan lahan tahun 2010 didapatkan nilai debit puncak (Qp) sebesar 81.73 m3/detik. Nilai volume puncak (Vp) sebesar 2,310.7 mm dan Waktu Puncak (Tp) pada hidrograf aliran yang dihasilkan model terjadi pada tanggal 26 Maret 2010. Secara umum terjadi peningkatan debit puncak antara penggunaan lahan tahun 2003 dengan 2010. dari 81.22 m³/detik menjadi 81.73 m³/detik. Naiknya debit puncak disebabkan meningkatnya aliran permukaan akibat perkembangan pemukiman di DAS.Hal ini terlihat dengan meningkatnya nilai CN rata-rata dari 38.5 menjadi 39.4.Pada simulasi dengan penggunaan lahan tahun 2010 didapatkan hasil airsebesar 2.310,7 mm/tahun.Nilai ini lebih kecil dari simulasi dengan penggunaan lahan tahun 2003 yaitu 2.320,1 mm/tahun. Salah satu penyebab berkurangnya hasil air dapat dikarenakan penguapan yang meningkat akibat bertambahnya luasan hutan. (banyaknya pemanfaat air tanah disekitar DAS tersebut, baik legal maupun ilegal).

TINGKAT BIOKONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI IKAN MUJAIR (Oreochromis Mossambicus) YANG HIDUP DI PERAIRAN TUKAD BADUNG KOTA DENPASAR Made Rahayu Kusumadewi; I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa; I Ketut Berata
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Tukad Badung River is one of the potential contamination of heavy metal sare very highin the city of Denpasar. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) isa commonspecies of fish found in the river and became the object of fishing by the public. The fish is usually consume das a food ingredient forever yangler. Fish can be used as bio-indicators of chemical contamination in the aquatic environment. Determination of heavy metal bioconcentration and analysis of liver histopathology gills organs and muscles is performed to determine the content of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Cr+6, and the influence of heavy metal exposure to changes in organ histopathology Tilapia that live in Tukad Badung. In this observational study examined the levels of heavy metal contamination include Pb, Cd and Cr+6 in Tilapia meat with AAS method (Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometric), and observe the histopathological changes in organ preparations gills, liver, and muscle were stained with HE staining (hematoxylin eosin). Low Pb content of the fish that live in Tukad Badung 0.8385 mg/kg and high of 20.2600 mg/kg. The content of heavy metals Pb is above the quality standards specified in ISO 7378 : 2009 in the amount of 0.3 mg / kg. The content of Cr+6 low of 1.1402 mg / kg and the highest Cr+6 is 6.2214 mg / kg. The content of Cr+6 is above the quality standards established in the FAO Fish Circular 764 is equal to 1.0 mg / kg. In fish with Pb bioconcentration of 0.8385 mg / kg and Cr+6 of 1.1402 mg / kg was found that histopathological changes gill hyperplasia and fusion, the liver was found degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis, and in muscle atrophy found. Histopathologicalchangessuch asedema and necrosis ofthe liveris foundin fishwith Pb bioconcentration of 4.5225mg/kg and Cr+6 amounted to2.5163mg/kg. Bio concentration of heavy metal contamination of lead (Pb) and hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) on Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) who lives in Tukad Badung river waters exceed the applicable standard. Histopathological changes occur in organs gills, liver, and muscle as a result of exposure to heavy metals lead and hexavalent chromium. Advised the people not to eat Tilapia that live in Tukad Badung

ARAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) TELAGAWAJA PROVINSI BALI Karsun Karsun; I Nyoman Merit; I Wayan Suarna
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Telagawaja Sub-Watershed is upper part watershed of Unda Watershed. As upper watershed, Telagawaja sub watershed has functions as conservation area, water catchment area, and managed in order to keep sub watershed environment not degradated. This research objectives are to identify the characteristics of the land, the function of the area, and the erosion potential rate (TBE), as well as land management recommendations on Telagawaja Sub-Watershed. The identification of land is conducted by analyzing the characteristics of thematic maps in study area. The directives of classification land function is determined by the Minister of Agriculture Number.837/Kpts/Um/ 11/1980 and Number: 683/Kpts/Um/8/1981. The prediction of actual erosion is calculated by USLE formula for the agriculture area, while non-agricultural land use is applied Snyder formula (1980) in Asdak (2010). Erosion class and erosion rate (TBE) are determined based on the Director General of Reforestation and Land Rehabilitation Department of Forestry Number.041/Kpts/V/1998. Determination for the amount of erosion is still can be allowed using the method of Thompson (1957) in Arsyad (2010) which based on soil properties attached to Telagawaja sub watershed. The research shows that Telagawaja Sub-Watershed characteristic is an area which is susceptible to erosion.The analysis shows that the direction of the area function Telagawaja sub-watershed consists of an area of 7337.28 Ha of protection forest (66.01%), and the function of a buffer area 3.778.31 Ha (33.99%). The result of the study on Telagawaja sub-watershed erosion is 2777.07 tonnes ha-1year-1. Erosion class and erosion rate of Telagawaja Sub-Watershed vary from very light to very severe. Erosion class and erosion rate (TBE) with category severe to very severe consist an area of 2.071,97 ha (18,64 %) from total sub-watershed area. Land use planning implemented by applying alternative measures of soil and water conservation can reduce the rate of erosion of 2777.07 tonnes ha-1year-1 to 611.00 tonnes ha-1year-1 or less 2166.07 tonnes ha- 1year-1.

PERENCANAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN PREDIKSI EROSI DAN KLASIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KOLOH PASIRAN LOMBOK TIMUR Sulastri Sulastri; I Wayan Sandi Adnyana; I Nyoman Merit
ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Erosion is a form of land degradation is very serious in Koloh Pasiran watershed. This condition perceived more severe by the fact that the understanding of the process of saving the natural resources of forest, soil and water have not received maximum attention. This is evidenced by the presence of illegal logging, forest fires around the area of the watershed during the dry season and flooding during every rainy season. Therefore, the research conducted with the aim to: 1) determine the level of erosion and soil and water conservation planning in the Koloh Pasiran watershed, 2) determine the land capability class in Koloh Pasiran watershed and 3) to plan land use capability classes based on erosion rate. Observations and sampling of soil samples for prediction of erosion, soil conservation and classification approach according, planning based on common land unit. This land unit maps obtained from the land use maps overlay by slope, soil and land use maps done by estimating the magnitude of the erosion equation USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) of Wischmeier and Smit (1978). Determine land capability class with land capability classification approach according Arsyad (1989). Land use planning and soil and water conservation in addition to using USLE equation also uses land capability classification according Arsyad (1989). The results show the level of erosion prediction calculation slight to very severe erosion. Mixture of garden soil with a 2% slope erosion rates relatively slight. Dry land with a slope of 2% classified as severe erosion and the shrub land with a slope of 2-3% erosion classified as severe to very severe. While in secondary forest land and primary forests with a slope of 2-25% relatively slight erosion. Land capability class in Koloh Pasiran watershed can be classified into class IV (3 units of land), class V (5 units of land), class VI (1 unit of land) and VIII (2 units of land). The limiting factors are: (e) the slopes are steep and severe erosion rate and (s) low water holding capacity. Direction of land use for high density mixed garden with bench terrace with good construction, dry with good bench terrace construction and given a booster plants around the lip of land, shrub land used for community forestry, agroporestry and natural forests, while for secondary forests and forest maintained primary sustainability

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