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Political Polarization based on Religious Identities: Empirical Evidence from the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial UBAID, AHMAD HASAN; SUBANDI, H.B HABIBI
Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan Vol 8, No 4 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1125.605 KB)

According to a research conducted by Anis Baswedan, Saiful Mujani and R. Will- iam Liddle, political Islam in Indonesia during the post Reformation had a mod- erate and pluralistic character. But this qualitative case study finds that a new phenomenon of polarization based on religious identities emerges among vot- ers in the elections. In this article we argue that the results of the second round of the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election provide strong evidence that sup- ports the idea of ideological polarization. We apply the root cause model presented by Veldhuis and Staun to understand how Islamic radicalization occurs in the Jakarta election. In line with the argument of Mainwaring and Torcal, we also argue that due to weak institutionalization, political parties did not play a dominant role in shaping the sharp ideological gap among voters. We found that polarization of identity based on religiosity occurred due to social dynamics that were manufactured by campaign strategies and staff, politicians, and religious leaders. Political marketing strategies in the event of elections have, in fact, blatantly exploited the issue of religion as a political weapon in elections. It has led to the resurgence of religious identity in entering the political debate. Hence growing intolerance and conflicts based on religious identities during elections may have provided initial evidence to support the idea that Indonesian democracy is pro- gressing towards illiberal democracy.Â

Clientelism Politics of Muslim Politician Who Became People’s Representatives Mohammad Hidayaturrahman; Doli Witro; Ahmad Hasan Ubaid; Tamrin Tamrin; Anak Agung Sugiantiningsih
International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din Vol 23, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

People’s representatives are elected through general elections to represent the people fighting for the people's interests and aspirations. However, in practice, muslim politician who became people's representatives often represent themselves and their groups rather than represent those who have chosen them. This research was conducted to reveal how muslim politician who became people's representatives' actions the correlation between clientelism politics in managing the budget function. This descriptive qualitative research method collects data through direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews with various informants related to the research. The theory used in this research is political clientelism theory. From the research results, muslim politician who became people's representatives fight for the community's aspirations to escort a grant program to community groups, social assistance, and empowerment. The program is directly related to the winning team and supporters of voters in the previous elections. The program is intended to maintain the people's voting base and the granary in the next election. This is how the people's representative uses the parliament's existence and potential for electoral interests.

Political Polarization based on Religious Identities: Empirical Evidence from the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial AHMAD HASAN UBAID; H.B HABIBI SUBANDI
Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan Vol 8, No 4 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jgp.2017.0054.411-441

According to a research conducted by Anis Baswedan, Saiful Mujani and R. Will- iam Liddle, political Islam in Indonesia during the post Reformation had a mod- erate and pluralistic character. But this qualitative case study finds that a new phenomenon of polarization based on religious identities emerges among vot- ers in the elections. In this article we argue that the results of the second round of the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election provide strong evidence that sup- ports the idea of ideological polarization. We apply the root cause model presented by Veldhuis and Staun to understand how Islamic radicalization occurs in the Jakarta election. In line with the argument of Mainwaring and Torcal, we also argue that due to weak institutionalization, political parties did not play a dominant role in shaping the sharp ideological gap among voters. We found that polarization of identity based on religiosity occurred due to social dynamics that were manufactured by campaign strategies and staff, politicians, and religious leaders. Political marketing strategies in the event of elections have, in fact, blatantly exploited the issue of religion as a political weapon in elections. It has led to the resurgence of religious identity in entering the political debate. Hence growing intolerance and conflicts based on religious identities during elections may have provided initial evidence to support the idea that Indonesian democracy is pro- gressing towards illiberal democracy.

Selebritis Menjadi Politisi: Studi tentang Bagaimana Selebritis Menang atau Kalah dalam Pemilu Legislatif HB Habibi Subandi; Ahmad Hasan Ubaid
JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Program Studi Sarjana (S1) Ilmu Pemerintahan, FISIP, Universitas Diponegoro

Artikel ini menyorot model pemasaran politik dengan memanfaatkan kandidat caleg selebritis pada Pemilu 2019. Untuk itu studi ini berupaya menjawab fenomena maraknya pencalonan selebritis sebagai caleg DPR RI, yang dikaitkan dengan sistem pemilu yang berorientasi pada figur. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, khususnya dengan melacak bagaimana performa politisi selebritis selama kampanye. Adapun data yang dipakai adalah data survey Laboratorium Politik dan Rekayasa Kebijakan (Lapora) di Dapil Jawa Timur I, V, dan VIII. Hasil riset menyimpulkan bahwa seiring munculnya metode penghitungan suara saint lague, tingkat keterpilihan politisi selebritis semakin lemah dalam kontestasi antar calon legislatif dan antar partai. Mesin partai dan popularitas partai justru menjadi supporting system yang menentukan keterpilihan seorang calon anggota legislatif. Selebritis yang akhirnya terpilih, tidak terlepas dari keberhasilan mereka dalam mengkonsolidasikan tim pemenangan partai, merancang program-program pemasaran politik yang langsung menyasar pemilih, dan pencitraan politik yang menggunakan episentrum masyarakat sebagai komunikasi parasosial.

PERILAKU MEMILIH DALAM MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTUR: STUDI KASUS PEMILIHAN WALIKOTA MEDAN 2020 Ahmad Hasan Ubaid; H.B. Habibi Subandi
JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Vol 7, No 1 (2022): JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Maret
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jwp.v7i1.34592

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang bagaimana perilaku memilih masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Wali Kota Medan Tahun 2020. Studi ini mengunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, sumber data utama dari hasil survei perilaku memilih dan wawancara mendalam. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku memilih yang paling dominan pada masyarakat Medan ialah model sosiologis, yakni perilaku pemilih yang didasarkan pada preferensi sosiologis masyarakat. Faktor utamanya ialah disumbang oleh preferensi agama, etnis, maupun gender. Pemilih sosiologis tercatat dalam angka survey adalah sebesar 43,1%. Sedangkan pemilih rasional juga muncul, namun tidak sebesar pemilih sosiologis, yaitu pada persentase sebesar 36,8%. Demikian juga dengan pemilih psikologis yang jumlahnya hanya sekitar 10,8%. Kuatnya perilaku memilih sosiologis ini, kami menilai dipengaruhi salah satunya oleh narasi politik identitas yang sudah muncul dalam momen pemilihan sebelumnya, yakni Pemilihan Gubernur DKI Jakarta 2017, Pemilihan Gubernur Sumatera Utara 2018, dan Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Narasi politik identias ini ikut menyumbang terhadap menguatnya pertimbangan agama dalam perilaku pemilih di Kota Medan.

Covid-19 and Vote Buying in Direct Regional Head Elections Mohammad Hidayaturrahman; Sudarman Sudarman; Ahmad Hasan Ubaid; Elazhari Elazhari; Aryo Wibisono; Faqih Alfian
Journal of Islamic World and Politics Vol 6, No 1 (2022): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

The current covid-19 pandemic has killed tens of millions people. One way to avoid covid-19 is to keep a distance from each other. At at the same time, Indonesia actually held direct regional head elections in 270 regions, which required voters to come and gather at the polling station (TPS). This research was conducted to analyze the relationship between covid-19 and vote buying with voters participation in direct regional head elections in Indonesia, which was held on December 9, 2020. For the research approach, mixed methods both quantitative and qualitative descriptive were used. The quantitative method was carried out by distributing questionnaires directly to 139 polling stations in Sumenep Regency, East Java, during the regional head election. While the qualitative method is carried out by observing directly the conditions at the polling station (TPS). In addition, in-depth interviews with the election committee and voters were also conducted. The results of the study found that voter participation was very high even though the regional head election was held during the covid-19 pandemic. This high participation was apparently correlated with the widespread practice of vote buying carried out by the winning team for the two pairs of regional head candidates.

Political Broker Giving Money and Intimidating in Regional Head Elections in Indonesia Mohammad Hidayaturrahman; sudarman sudarman; Naili Adilah Hamhij; Anak Agung Putu Sugiantiningsih; Ahmad Hasan Ubaid; Elazhari Elazhari
Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik
Publisher : FISIP Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/jssp.v6i2.10102

The election of regional heads is actually a place to take choices directly by the people or voters in the regions. But in fact, the choice of voters is much influenced, even manipulated by political brokers. This study was conducted to reveal the models of political brokers and their operating patterns in regional head elections in Indonesia. Political brokers have hijacked direct democracy in local elections. The regional head should have a direct contract with the voters, related to the work program at the time of contestation and accountability at the time of election. But the process was hijacked midway by political brokers. Political brokers have long operated in the process in Indonesia, both general elections, presidential elections, village head elections, and regional head elections. This research used descriptive qualitative method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with informants who were directly involved in the regional head election. From the research conducted, it is found that political brokers in regional head elections in Indonesia are village heads, and community leaders. Political brokers perform their role in two ways. First, by giving money to the head of the electorate. The money comes from regional head candidates who are given by the winning team for regional head candidates for political brokers. The money given by regional head candidates to political brokers consists of money for own political broker and operational money, as well as money to be distributed to voters. Second, political brokers also act to intimidate, threaten and frighten potential voters, if they do not vote for candidates who are supported by political brokers.

THE POWER OF POLITICAL INVESTORS IN THE VILLAGE HEAD ELECTION IN MADURA Mohammad Hidayaturrahman; Hisyamuddin Moh. Syah; Ida Syafriyani; Ahmad Hasan Ubaid
Journal of Governance Innovation Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Volume 5 Nomor 2, September 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36636/jogiv.v5i2.3280

Democracy in Indonesia is much broader than democracy in developed countries such as America and Europe. This can be seen from the democracy practiced in Indonesia down to the village level. Village head elections have been carried out directly for generations. Public participation in the village head election is also the highest of all existing contestations. Political participation of village residents continues to grow. One form of participation that brings problems is the involvement of political funders known as political investors in village head elections. This research was conducted to determine the role of political investors in village head elections in Sumenep, Madura, East Java. The research used descriptive qualitative methods and data collection techniques using in-depth interviews with informants who were directly involved in village head election activities. In addition, document searches were carried out regarding activities related to the election of village heads and the relationship between village head candidates and political investors. This research reveals the important role of investors in winning village head candidates. Political investors receive compensation for the funding provided, in the form of positions for families in village governments that have been funded. Apart from that, political investors receive economic benefits in the form of village projects and village land management rights. This research has limitations at the location scale, which only covers three villages in Sumenep Regency, Madura.

Political Broker Giving Money and Intimidating in Regional Head Elections in Indonesia Mohammad Hidayaturrahman; Sudarman Sudarman; Naili Adilah Hamhij; Anak Agung Putu Sugiantiningsih; Ahmad Hasan Ubaid; Elazhari Elazhari
Jurnal Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review Vol 8, No 2 (2023): Development and Election
Publisher : Political Science Program, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ipsr.v8i2.39332

This study was conducted to reveal the models of political brokers and their operating patterns in regional head elections in Indonesia. This research used descriptive qualitative method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with informants who were directly involved in the regional head election. From the research conducted, it is found that political brokers in regional head elections in Indonesia are village heads, and community leaders. Political brokers perform their role in two ways. First, by giving money to the head of the electorate. The money comes from regional head candidates who are given by the winning team for regional head candidates for political brokers. The money given by regional head candidates to political brokers consists of money for own political broker and operational money, as well as money to be distributed to voters. Second, political brokers also act to intimidate, threaten and frighten potential voters, if they do not vote for candidates who are supported by political brokers.

Voter Behavior in Regional Head Elections During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Data and Analysis Mohammad Hidayaturrahman; Enza Resdiana; Ahmad Hasan Ubaid; Elazhari Elazhari
Jurnal Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review Vol 8, No 2 (2023): Development and Election
Publisher : Political Science Program, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ipsr.v8i2.42661

This research was conducted to analyze how voters behave in regional head elections in Indonesia, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out by means of in-depth interviews with various informants who were directly involved in the election of regional heads, election committees, election supervisors and voters. In addition, data collection was also carried out by tracing documents relevant to the research topic, both documents originating from the election committee and supervisors. From the research that has been done, it has been revealed that the voters in the regional head election which took place in Sumenep Regency, Indonesia in 2020 behaved pragmatically and permissively towards money politics. This was caused by the poor economic conditions of voters, during the Covid-19 pandemic. This pragmatic behavior also encourages their presence to choose a pair of candidates who give money. Thus, the level of voter turnout and participation in regional head elections is higher than before the Covid-19 pandemic. This research has limitations in the scope of research, which is only carried out in Sumenep Regency, Indonesia in 2020, so it cannot represent Indonesian society in general.

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