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<![CDATA[HAWAIIS ECOLOGICAL IMPERIALISM: POSTCOLONIAL ECOCRITICISM READING ON KIANA DAVENPORTS SHARK DIALOGUES ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 2, No 2 (2019): March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v2i2.1724
<![CDATA[Recent studies of postcolonialism have explored the interconnection between postcolonial and environmental/eco-criticism. Studies from Huggan (2004), Nixon (2005), Cilano and DeLoughrey (2007) counter the underlying assumption that these criticisms stand in opposition toward each other by pointing out the overlapping areas of interest between postcolonial and ecocriticism and the complementary aspect of these two criticisms (Buell, 2011). Postcolonial ecocriticism, as theorized by Huggan and Tiffin (2010) and DeLoughrey and Handley (2011) asserts the intertwined correlation between environmental degradation and the marginalization of the minority/indigenous ethic groups which inhabit a particular place. The underlying capitalist and mechanistic ideologies in which nature is perceived only of their intrinsic values and usefulness toward (Western) humans illustrates total disregard to the original owner of the colonized land, the indigenous people. This perspective is underlined by Serpil Oppermanns (2007) concept of ecological imperialism to underline the anthropocentric perspective that legitimate Western domination toward the colonies natural resources. Although discussion of postcolonial ecocriticism has encompassed diverse regions such as Caribbean, Africa and Asia, scant attention has been given toward Pacific archipelago especially Hawaii. Through reading on Kiana Davenports Shark Dialogues (1994), this paper explores how American colonialism results in ecological imperialism in this island chain. It is hoped that this analysis can contribute toward enriching the discussion on postcolonial ecocriticism.]]>
<![CDATA[AN ECOLINGUISTICS ANALYSIS OF THE WIND GOURD OF LA’AMAOMAO ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 5, No 1 (2021): September 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v5i1.3717
<![CDATA[This study foregrounds the Native Hawai’ians’ interconnection between culture and nature through ecolinguistic analysis of the Wind Gourd of La’amaomao. The language use in this Hawai’ian folktale emphasizes the reverence Hawai’ian people have toward their environment based on familial kinship. The analysis mainly focuses on two aspects of language use, based on Stibbe’s theory of ecolinguistic, ideology/discourse and evaluation/appraisal. The study also posits the ecosophy/ecological philosophy derived from the text in line with the current state of environmental crisis. The study argues that the discourse employed in the text is positive, based on recognizing the need of sustainability. The positive discourse is also reflected through close emotional connection between people and place which is reflected in wind naming pattern and Hawai’ian place names. Secondly, nature is also appraised positively as seen in the celebratory tone and vocabulary used. The study concludes that alternative way of perceiving the environment, as seen from the reading of the Wind Gourd of La’amaomao should be considered as a critique toward Western anthropocentrism. ]]>
<![CDATA[BEYOND THE PASTORAL: ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGINATION IN O.A BUSHNELLS KAAAWA ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 4, No 1 (2020): September 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v4i1.2255
<![CDATA[This paper explores the environmental imagination in O.A Bushnells Kaaawa through his representation of pastoralism. A Hawaiian novelist, Bushnell conceptualizes his idea of pastoral based on the Hawaiians traumatic experience with the Western colonial powers. Different with the Anglo-American discourse of pastoralism which emphasizes more on the individual self and the reorientation toward the natural world in rural area, Bushnell foregrounds the far-reaching impact of colonialism which affects even the periphery of Oahu island. The titular village of Kaaawa, previously a sacred place where the inhabitants with the blessing of Hawaiian gods lived bountiful with nature also suffers the outbreak of Western diseases. Instead of a place for reorientation and rejuvenation, Bushnells concept of pastoralism in Kaaawa evoke the traumatic experience of the islanders in which the picturesque landscape of Hawaii represents the silent witness towards the desolation of Hawaiian archipelago. To reiterate, this paper argues how Bushnell orients his work within the socio-historical background of Hawaii and deliver a critique towards the impact of colonialism towards the islanders through his conception of pastoral.]]>
<![CDATA[LOCATING DIGITAL LITERATURE IN WORLD LITERATURE: A CASE OF QUARTERLY LITERARY REVIEW SINGAPORE ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 2, No 1 (2018): September 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v2i1.1506
<![CDATA[Participants in an interaction risk their sense of face in every action (Goffman, 1967). Requests, by definition, are face-threatening acts (Brown and Levinson, 1978). In making a request, a speaker not only threatens the hearers negative face as he impinges on the hearers claim to freedom of action; he also threatens his positive face as he exposes himself to the possibility of being denied or rejected. In order to minimize this possibility, the speaker has to present himself in such a way that the hearer would have a positive impression of him. This paper examined letters of request written by students of a university in Metro Manila for noticeable forms of self-presentation. Following Goffmans thesis (1956) that self-presentation is a tangible component of identity, this paper analyzed lexico-syntactic patterns, and impression management strategies utilized by the writers to express their communicative intention (make a request), and construct an identity deemed necessary in attaining the hearers approval.]]>
<![CDATA[Refugee, Shelter and Threat: Nature Represented in f. Sionil Jose’s Dusk ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) Vol 1 No 1 (2017): Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Elite Laboratory English Department Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper seeks to explore the role and representation of nature in F.Sionil Jose’s Dusk. He explores the journey of a Philippines’ clan who migrates from Northern Luzon into Central Plains to escape the Spanish oppression. Through the presentation of an omniscient narrator who narrates the journey of Istak Samson and his clan, F.Sionil Jose depicts the lushness of Philippines’ wilderness. To explore his representation of nature, this paper applies narratology and ecocriticism. Several narratological concepts used are mainly related with the issue of space, concerning the presentation and the spatial standpoint of the depiction of nature. These concepts analyze how the omniscient narrator of Dusk portrays the wilderness of Philippines interior. Nature is primarily depicted in two aspects. Firstly, nature can provide shelter, nourishment, and also comfort for the humanity. Secondly, nature is also an untamed and even hostile force who can claim the life of people who pass through it.]]>
<![CDATA[ECOLOGICAL READING ON SELECTED AYURZANA AND YONG SHU HOONG’s POEMS ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Elite Laboratory English Department Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33019/lire.v2i1.15
<![CDATA[This paper explores how nature is depicted by two poets of different nationality using ecocriticism. Ecological approach is used as framework to focus more on the connection and relationship between human and their environment and the possible impact on the disruption of human-nature relationship. People living in different environment will have different reception toward their surroundings. The aim of this paper is to explore how both poets describe nature in their selected works. Ayurzana and Yong ShuHoong represent two poets exposed to different environment;hence, this paper seeks to present how different Ayurzana who lives in a rural area portray his surrounding compared with Hoong as an urban dweller. As a native Mongolian, Ayurzana explores the close connection between Mongolian people and nature. On the other hand, Hoong’s poetry elaborates life in cities and people that become detached from the natural environment. By analyzing two poets from different living conditions, this paper acknowledges that ecological issue might differ from one region to another.]]>
<![CDATA[THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GUY DE MAUPASSANT’S TWO FRIENDS AND ARTURO ARIAS’ TOWARD PATZUN ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) Vol 3 No 1 (2019): Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Elite Laboratory English Department Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.33019/lire.v3i1.42
<![CDATA[This paper compares and contrasts two short stories, Guy De Maupassant’s Two Friends and Arturo Arias’ Toward Patzun. Both stories have the same thematic structure as the harshness and brutality during wartime situation is a similar concern to the aforementioned writers. Although both writers foreground the savagery of war, the different cultural background, nationality, literary tradition cause differences in the way both writer narrate their short stories. While De Maupassant depicts the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), Arias squares his narration in the Guatemalan civil war (1960-1996). The differences of canonical status between De Maupassant and Arias is also scrutinized in this paper. While De Maupassant is a household name in Western literary tradition, the popularity of Arias remains obscure. This paper argues that the differences in canonization is linked also with the status of Two Friends in the hypercanon, on the other hand Toward Patzun is located in the countercanon. It is hoped that this paper can contribute toward questioning the privileged status of Western literary works compared to the non-Western author.]]>
<![CDATA[To Dwell and To Reinhabit: Kiana Davenports’s House of Many Gods as Bioregional Literature ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Berumpun: International Journal of Social, Politics, and Humanities Vol 1 No 1 (2018): Berumpun: International Journal of Social, Politics and Humanities ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Social and Political Sciences University of Bangka Belitung ]]>
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DOI: 10.33019/berumpun.v1i1.6
<![CDATA[Environmental degradation has become a pivotal issue in Hawaiâi nowadays. The policies of United Statesâgovernment and military has shaped the Hawaiâian ecology. Through the process of ecological imperialism,started from the beginning of American colonialism, both the Hawaiâianâs landscape and their connection withthe environment is disrupted. Modern Hawaiâian ecology nowadays is a postcolonial ecology, which was, andstill is molded by the American imperial power. As a product of colonialism, Hawaiâiansâ have becomealienated with their ancestral traditions, especially regarding interrelation between human and non-human.Taking cues from Lawrence Buellâs assertion that environmental crisis is a crisis of the imagination, modernHawaiâian literature tries to reorient humanânon human relationship from indigenous Hawaiâianepistemology. As seen in Kiana Davenportâs the House of Many Gods, traditional Hawaiâian perspective isreimagined to reterritorialize Hawaiâians in their previous environmental outlook, before the arrival of theAmericans. This study argues that by several bioregional concepts such as dwelling, and reinhabit, KianaDavenportâs the House of Many Gods can be stated as a bioregional literature.]]>
<![CDATA[Ma’i Lepera : Representation of Leprosy in selected Hawai’ian-American Literature ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ k@ta: A Biannual Publication on the Study of Languange and Literature Vol 24 No 1 (2022): JUNE 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Humanities & Creative Industries, Petra Christian University ]]>
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DOI: 10.9744/kata.24.1.1-10
<![CDATA[This study contextualizes how disease in form of leprosy is represented in literary works by focusing of three novels written by Hawai’ian-American writers. The legacy of leprosy outbreak in Hawai’ian archipelago in the 1800’s challenges the popular imagination of Hawai’i as idealized timeless tropical paradise. This study explores how the policy of isolation exiles leprosy patients in isolated island, Moloka’i, segregated from other citizens. Hawai’ians cultural contexts concerning balance (pono), and identity based on familial ties and sense of place is employed to explore how leprosy disrupts Hawai’ian conception of identity. This study also explores the concept of ecological other as theorized by Serpil Oppermann to contextualize the stigma and harassment associated with leprosy of being unclean and contagious. The object of this study are three Hawai’ian-American novels, Hawai’i (1959), Shark Dialogues (1995) and Moloka’i (2004). This study concludes that the representation of leprosy in selected Hawai’ian-American literature contextualizes the social stigma associated toward its sufferers and disrupts the question of identity through erasure of familial history and genealogy. It further posits the possibility of reclaiming genealogy, history and ancestry lost due to leprosy and how the reclamation results in creating hybrid Hawai’ian identity.]]>
<![CDATA[Resilience and Resistance: Indigenous Agency of Hawai’ian Indigene in Lynn Kalama Nakkim’s Mahele o Maui ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan Indriyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022): OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAIN MADURA ]]>
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DOI: 10.19105/ojbs.v16i2.6981
<![CDATA[In recent years, the emergence of indigenous literature contextualizes the historicity of colonialism and the ensuing resistance. This present study articulates how the Native Hawai’ians articulate their resistance against American domination through the resilience of their cultural heritage and advocates for political changes, as is reflected in Lynn Kalama Nakkim’s Mahele o Maui. The study applied an econarratological perspective which foregrounds the reader's active role in reimagining a different socio-cultural perspective of the natural environment from Mahele’s perspective and engaging with other (non-Western) environmental imagination. The theory of resilience and resistance, as stated by Adamson and Molina, underlines how indigenous Hawai’ian tradition manages to persevere and transform through the Western model of narration, a novel. The study explores how Nakkim’s fiction articulates the indigenous epistemology of Aloha Aina to actively resist American domination with the eventual goal of achieving sovereignty and independence. The finding concludes how Native Hawai’ians’ literature has a similar concern with other indigenous struggles in the world, advocative and politically oriented in outlook, echoing their struggle for the right of self-determination and eventual sovereignty.]]>
