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PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallusoncophyllus) SEBAGAI PENSTABIL EMULSI M/A DAN BAHAN PENYALUT PADA MIKROKAPSUL MINYAK IKAN Sri Haryani Anwar, Berlianta Maria Br. Ginting, Yuliani Aisyah, Novi Safriani
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 27 No. 1 (2017): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This research was aimed to investigate the ability of porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) flour to stabilizeoil-in-water (O/W) emulsion and further more can be used as encapsulating matrix for fish oil microencapsules. The experiments were divided into three stages: A) emulsification with ultra turrax to form coarse emulsion which designed using randomized block design with two variables, namely concentration of porang flour (55% glucomanan) i.e. 0.5% and 1% , and oil concentrations i.e.20%, 30% and 40%;B) Variables that produced stable coarse emulsions were selected to be used in fine emulsion process using high pressure homogenizer; and 3) Stable and effective fine emulsions were spray dried to produce fish oil microcapsules. Porang flour used was yellow in colour with 7.75% moisture content, 8% ash, 9.72% crude fiber, 0.43% fat and 55% glucomanan. The statistical analysis showed that all variables i.e. porang flour and oil concentrations influenced the emulsifying activity values and viscosity significantly (P≤0.01). The most stable coarse emulsion was the one that emulsified by 40% oil and 1% porang flour with viscosity of 3647 cP and 100% emulsifying activity, and separation of 2.70 ml serum layer after 7 days storage. Stable fine emulsion was produced by the same variables’ combination as coarse emulsion with average droplet size of 614 nm, polydispersity index of 0.237, emulsion zeta potential of -25.83 mV, and separation of only 0.25 mL after 16 days storage. Emulsion that spray dried effectively contained 0.5% porang flour. The peroxide values of fish oil microcapsules were in the range of 16.5 – 32.5 meq/kg oil. Keywords: porang flour, glucomannan, o/w emulsion, emulsion stability, stabilizer
POTENSI MINYAK MIKROALGA DAN KHAMIR SEBAGAI SUMBER ASAM LEMAK ESENSIAL Erika Rozana; Sri Haryani Anwar; Muhammad Ikhsan Sulaiman
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 31 No. 3 (2021): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2021.31.3.332

Abstract

Edible oils as essential fatty acids sources, such as linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, anddocosahexaenoic acid, are commonly extracted from plants and seafoods, particularly fish. The productionof fishoil has several drawbacks, including overfishing issues, mercury contamination, and unpleasant smell of fish. Oilproduction from plants requires extensive land used, long harvest time, and high operational costs. Single-cell oilsfrom microorganisms are the solution to overcome these problems. Therefore, this study aimed to explore thepotential of microorganisms, i.e. microalga and yeast, which had previously been isolated from mangrove forestsin Aceh Province, Indonesia, as sources of essential fatty acids. Two types of microorganisms used wereThraustochytrium multirudimentale and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The results showed that the highest amountof oil was extracted from yeast (17.04 ± 0.78 mg/g), while microoalga produced 4.50 ± 0.49 mg/g only. Based oncorrelation analysis, the optical density (OD) and biomass, had good correlation with r = 0.990. The spectra ofFT-IR analysis from microalga and yeast oils proved that both contained C=O groups which identified as estersof fatty acids and C=C groups identified as unsaturated fatty acids. Thraustochytrium multirudimentale andRhodotorula mucilaginosa are potential as single-cell oil sources containing essential fatty acids.Keywords: essential oil, fatty acids, microalgae, omega-3, single-cell oil, yeast
KOMBINASI PATI SUKUN TERMODIFIKASI OSA (OCTENYL SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE) DAN LESITIN SEBAGAI PENSTABIL EMULSI MINYAK DALAM AIR Sri Haryani Anwar; Miranda Antasari; Dian Hasni; Novi Safriani; Syarifah Rohaya; Christina Winarti
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 14, No 3 (2017): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v14n3.2017.124-133

Abstract

Produk pangan berbasis emulsi seperti susu, mayonnaise, salad dressing dan margarin sangat diminati masyarakat. Emulsi biasanya distabilkan oleh surfaktan, protein dan polisakarida. Pati termasuk biopolimer polisakarida yang berperan penting sebagai penstabil, namun harus dimodifikasi terlebih dahulu untuk memperbaiki sifat fisiko-kimianya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji peranan pati sukun termodifikasi OSA (Octenyl Succinic Anhydride) sebagai penstabil emulsi minyak dalam air (m/a) bersama-sama dengan lesitin sebagai surfaktan. Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dua faktor, yaitu penambahan pati sukun OSA (1% dan 2%) serta konsentrasi minyak (25% dan 40%) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Pati sukun terlebih dahulu dikarakterisasi dengan mengukur kadar air, abu, serat, protein, dan kadar lemak sebelum dan setelah modifikasi serta pengukuran derajat substitusi (DS). Adapun parameter kestabilan emulsi yang diuji meliputi pengukuran viskositas, penghitungan nilai creaming index (CI), dan emulsifying activity (EA) selama penyimpanan 10 hari. Analisa proksimat menunjukkan nilai yang tidak jauh berbeda antara pati sebelum dan sesudah modifikasi kecuali kadar protein yang menurun secara signifikan dari 5,25 % menjadi 3,50% setelah pati dimodifikasi. Nilai derajat substitusi pati sukun modifikasi adalah 0,0243. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap viskositas dan nilai CI, dimana peningkatan konsentrasi OSA dan minyak menurunkan nilai CI namun meningkatkan viskositas emulsi yang dihasilkan. Penyimpanan emulsi selama 10 hari menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi pati OSA dan minyak meningkatkan nilai EA yang membuktikan bahwa pemisahan emulsi dapat diminimalkan selama penyimpanan. Emulsi yang paling stabil (nilai EA 100%) diperoleh dari perlakuan terbaik yaitu konsentrasi 2% pati OSA dan 40% minyak.
Kualitas Tuna Kaleng dari Perairan Aceh yang Disterilisasi dengan Pressure Canner Sri Haryani Anwar; Rosa Wildatul Hifdha; Syarifah Rohaya; Hafidh Hasan
Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 16, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jpbkp.v16i1.705

Abstract

Ikan tuna termasuk komoditi yang mudah rusak sehingga perlu diolah untuk memperpanjang umur simpan, salah satu caranya dengan pengalengan. Penelitian tentang pengalengan tuna dari perairan Aceh belum pernah dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas tuna kaleng yang disterilisasi menggunakan alat pressure canner berkapasitas 24L dengan memvariasikan suhu dan lama sterilisasi (suhu 121°C selama 20 menit dan suhu 115°C selama 50 menit) serta jenis medium (larutan garam dan minyak kelapa sawit). Ikan tuna yang dikalengkan diperoleh dari perairan Aceh. Parameter kualitas bahan baku yang diuji pada tuna segar adalah kadar histamin, angka lempeng total (ALT), dan pH. Sementara itu, parameter kualitas yang diuji pada tuna kaleng adalah ALT, pH, kandungan logam berat (timbal dan merkuri), serta tingkat penerimaan konsumen melalui uji organoleptik (hedonik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ALT tuna kaleng pada semua perlakuan <1x101 koloni/g, sedangkan kandungan timbal (Pb) <0,0001 mg/kg, dan merkuri (Hg) berkisar antara 0,29-0,58 mg/kg. Hasil uji hedonik menunjukkan bahwa panelis secara umum dapat menerima kedua jenis produk tuna kaleng, namun panelis lebih menyukai rasa tuna kaleng dalam larutan garam serta warna tuna kaleng dalam minyak kelapa sawit. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan pengalengan tuna sebaiknya dilakukan pada suhu 121°C selama 20 menit.ABSTRACTTuna is a perishable commodity thus it needs to be preserved to prolong its shelf life. The Canning process is one of the solutions to increase tuna shelf life at room temperature. Research on the tuna canning processes from Aceh waters has never been reported. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the quality of canned tuna which was sterilized using a 24L pressure canner with varying the temperature and duration of sterilization (121°C for 20 minutes and 115°C for 50 minutes) and the type of medium (brine and palm oil). The fresh tuna used for canning was caught from Aceh water. The quality parameters evaluated for fresh tuna were histamine levels, total plate count (TPC), and pH. Meanwhile, the parameters tested on the quality of the canned tuna were TPC, pH value, heavy metals lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) contamination, and levels of consumer acceptance through organoleptic tests (hedonic). The results indicated that the TPC values for all canned tuna were <1x101 cfu/g, the metal contaminations were <0.0001 mg/kg for Pb, and in the range of 0.29-0.58 mg/kg for Hg. The hedonic tests proved that although all the panelists accepted these two types of canned tuna, they prefer the taste of canned tuna in a salt solution and the color of canned tuna in palm oil. This research suggests that the sterilization process for canned tuna using a 24L pressure canner should be carried out at 121°C for 20 min.
Karakterisasi sifat fisiko kimia pati bengkuang (Pachirrhyzus erosus) dan pati ganyong (Canna edulis Kerr) modifikasi [Characteristization on physico-chemical properties of modified canna (Canna edulis Kerr.) and jicama (Pachirrhyzus erosus) starches] Sri Haryani Anwar; Yeni Chandra Dewi; Novi Safriani
Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 26, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian
Publisher : Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtihp.v26i1.25-36

Abstract

Modification of native starch is needed mainly to increase its solubility in water thus broaden its application in food industries. On the other hand, modification of canna and jicama starches have rarely been applied. Physical and chemical modifications of starches are conducted to modify starch characteristics. The research aimed to investigate the physico-chemical properties of canna and jicama starches that had been modified chemically and physically. Chemical modifications which were conducted included modification via substitution with Octenyl Succinate Anhydride (OSA) and hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid (HCl), while physical modification was conducted via the Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT). The starch physico-chemical characteristics evaluated were degree of acid (DA), swelling power, degree of substitution (DS), moisture, ash, fat, and fiber contents. The analysis results showed that moisture, ash, fat, and fiber contents of native canna and jicama starches were not significantly different from those of modified ones. The result also revealed that the type of starches and modification methods increased the swelling power significantly (P≤0,05). The DS of modified canna dan jicama starches were 0.0246% and 0.0176%, respectively. While the DA of modified canna and jicama starches were 0.14% and 0.18%, respectively. This DA values of modified starches by HCL hydrolysis had meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-2593-1992) which is maximum of 5% for food application.Keywords: canna starch, jicama starch, HMT modification, modified starch, OSA modification 
PENGENALAN DAN PEMANFAATAN TUNGKU BIOMASA DENGAN PEMBAKARAN BERSIH BAGI PENGUSAHA IKAN KAYU (KEUMAMAH) DI KOTA BANDA ACEH Hafidh Hasan; Sri Haryani Anwar
JUARA: Jurnal Wahana Abdimas Sejahtera Volume 2, Nomor 1, Januari 2021
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1320.269 KB) | DOI: 10.25105/juara.v2i1.8726

Abstract

Keumamah is made from the preservation of eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis). For keumamah production, boiling of fresh eastern little tuna in water, is one of the main process which requires a lot of energy. The keumamah producers utilize three-stone like stove with wood biomass as the fuel. The stove adoption is economically motivated since the fuel is cheaper than other form of commercial energy and relatively easy to obtain. However, the stove is inefficient and wasting the wood. Inefficient burning of wood releases smoke and volatile organic compounds (VOC) which are dangerous to human health and harmful for the environment. Therefore, in this community development program, two keumamah producers, located near Lampulo fish harbour - in Banda Aceh, were introduced to better practices in utilizing biomass wood as energy source. They were firstly given the information on the reverse impacts on health and environment introduced by three-stone like stove. The team has developed an improved biomass stove with improved efficiency, less fuel consumption and much cleaner combustion. Later this clean better design biomass stove with its advantages was introduced. From the test of performance, the stoves showed: 1) faster cooking time; 2) reduce fuel consumption by nearly 30%; 3) reduced smoke; and 4) flexible usage of working space with modular design. It is the intentions of this program for the stove to benefit the keumamah producers and their workers with less expending for fuel and cleaner work environment. 
Pengaruh Jenis Bunga Dan Waktu Pemetikan Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Bunga Kenanga (Cananga odorata) Yuliani Aisyah; Sri Haryani; Rulita Maulidya
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2016): Vol.(8) No.2, October 2016
Publisher : Agricultural Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1077.803 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/jtipi.v8i2.6398

Abstract

Essential oil is oil produced from plant extracts which is volatile at room temperature and has a unique fragrant smell as such its plant source. Cananga flower produces essential oil. This oil has antibacterial properties since it contains karyophyllene.  This kind of oil was extracted by using steam and water method. Antibacterial test was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using disc diffusion method with 200 uL concentration. The research design used a randomized block design (RBD) with factorial pattern containing two factors. The first factor was type of flower (Cananga) (J) with three levels, namely J1 = big flower, J2 = small flower, J3 = combination of big and small flowers. The second factor was picking time (W) with two levels; W1 = in the morning, and W2 = in the evening. Combination treatment in this study was 2 × 3 = 6 (six) treatments with three (3) repetitions, thus obtained 18 experimental units. The results showed that the type of flower and picking time had no correlation to the yield, density, refractive index, but they revealed interaction or significant effect on the antibacterial test.
Pengendalian Mutu Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dengan Metode Control Chart dan Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Pada Pabrik Kelapa Sawit PT.XYZ Rozza Zara Syafira; Sri Haryani Anwar; Zalniati Fonna Rozali
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia Vol 14, No 2 (2022): Vol. (14) No. 2, Oktober 2022
Publisher : Agricultural Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (594.274 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/jtipi.v14i2.23056

Abstract

The purpose of this research  is to analyze the consistency of daily CPO quality at the palm factory PT. XYZ for the last 3 months, that is January, February and March 2021. Based on three quality parameters, that is free fatty acids (FFA), water content and dirt content. The data is evaluated by the I-MR chart method and then compared with the quality specifications of the company and the buyer. Meanwhile, critical points and critical conditions that most influence the quality of palm oil were identified using the FMEA method. The results showed that FFA and water content of CPO were still not statistically controlled, which was indicated by the presence of data points that were outside the control limits. The parameter of FFA CPO quality in January 2021 is the highest with an average of 3.91%. The highest water content quality parameter is in March 2021 with an average 0.398%. And the highest dirt quality parameter was in February 2021 with an average 0.039%. The cause of the variation in the quality CPO was identified from 5 critical conditions where the highest RPN value is the use of restant fresh fruit bunch in the palm oil processing process. The proposed improvement that can be given to palm factory PT.XYZ is to implement a fast processing system using the FIFO (First In First Out) system so that the raw materials that is fresh fruit bunch are not too long and pile up at the loading ramp.
Tingkat Penerimaan panelis Terhadap Yoghurt Dengan Perlakuan Lama Fermentasi, Jenis susu dan Lama penyimpanan yang Berbeda Tursina Tursina; Irfan Irfan; Sri Haryani
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Agustus 2019
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (657.333 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v4i3.11637

Abstract

Abstrak: Susu didefinisikan sebagai salah satu bahan pangan bernutrisi tinggi yang baik berperan sebagai asupan penting untuk, pertumbuhan kesehatan dan kecerdasan. Walaupun susu memiliki nilai gizi yang sangat baik namun untuk sebagian orang konsumsi dapat menimbulkan masalah berupa terjadinya lactose intolerance yaitu ketidakmampuan tubuh untuk mencerna laktosa yang terdapat didalam susu. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan mengubah laktosa menjadi glukosa dan galaktosa dengan cara fermentasi. Salah satu produk fermentasi berbasis susu adalah yoghurt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh  lama fermentasi dan jenis susu yang digunakan dalam pembuatan yoghurt terhadap sensori yoghurt selama masa penyimpanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 3 faktor, faktor pertama yaitu lama fermentasi (F) yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu: F1 = 10 jam, F2 = 16 jam. Faktor kedua yaitu jenis susu yang digunakan yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu: S1 = susu sapi dan S2 = susu kambing. Faktor ketiga yaitu lama penyimpanan yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu: P1 = 0 minggu, P2 = 2 minggu, P3 = 4 minggu. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah uji organoleptik secara hedonik meliputi atribut warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur. Hasil uji organoleptik (hedonik) menunjukkan bahwa secara umum panelis lebih menyukai yoghurt perlakuan jenis susu sapi dengan fermentasi 10 jam dan lama penyimpanan 3 hari (minggu ke-0). Abstract: Milk is determined as one of the high nutritious kind of foods that are good for important consumption, health and intelligence growth. Because milk has a very good nutritional value for most people who can spend problems because of lactose intolerance which is the body's inability to digest lactose in milk.This problem can be overcome by converting lactose to glucose and galactose by fermentation. One of the milk-based fermented products is yogurt. This study aims to investiage the effect of fermentation time and the type of milk used in making yogurt on the sensory yogurt during the storage period. This study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 3 factors, the first factor was the duration of fermentation (F): F1 = 10 hours, F2 = 16 hours. the second factor was the type of milk used which consists of twolevels, namely: S1 = cow's milk and S2 = goat's milk. The third factor is the storage time which we: P1 = 0 weeks, P2 = 2 weeks, P3 = 4 weeks. the analysis carried out were a hedonic test covering attributes of color, aroma, taste and texture. The organoleptic (hedonic) test result showed that in general all panelists preferred yogurt which was made by cow milk with 10 hours fermentation and 3 days of storage time (week 0).Abstract: Milk is determined as one of the high nutritious kind of foods that are good for important consumption, health and intelligence growth. Because milk has a very good nutritional value for most people who can spend problems because of lactose intolerance which is the body's inability to digest lactose in milk.This problem can be overcome by converting lactose to glucose and galactose by fermentation. One of the milk-based fermented products is yogurt. This study aims to investiage the effect of fermentation time and the type of milk used in making yogurt on the sensory yogurt during the storage period. This study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 3 factors, the first factor was the duration of fermentation (F): F1 = 10 hours, F2 = 16 hours. The second factor was the type of milk used which consists of two levels, namely: S1 = cow's milk and S2 = goat's milk. The third factor is the storage time which we: P1 = 0 weeks, P2 = 2 weeks, P3 = 4 weeks. The analysis carried out were a hedonic test covering attributes of color, aroma, taste and texture. The organoleptic (hedonic) test results showed that in general all panelists preferred yogurt which was made by cow milk with 10 hours fermentation and 3 days of storage time (week 0).
Pengaruh Jenis Mikroorganisme Yang Diisolasi Dari Hutan Bakau Kota Banda Aceh Terhadap Perolehan Biomassa Dan Minyak Erika Rozana; Muhammad Ikhsan Sulaiman; Sri Haryani
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 5, No 3 (2020): Agustus 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (639.347 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v5i3.15388

Abstract

Produktivitas biomassa dan minyak yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti teknik pertumbuhan, teknik pemanenan biomassa dan juga metode ekstraksi yang digunakan. Perbedaan hasil produktivitas minyak juga dapat terjadi akibat adanya perbedaan spesies mikroorganisme yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mikroorganisme yang ditumbuhkan pada media cair dengan kondisi pertumbuhan yang sama terhadap perolehan jumlah biomassa dan yield minyak yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mikroalga dan yeast yang telah diisolasi dari perairan hutan bakau kota Banda Aceh yang telah teridentifikasi secara genetik sebagai T multirudimentale (mikrooalga) dan Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (yeast). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga dapat memproduksi biomassa lebih tinggi (8,90 g/L) daripada yeast (4,20 g/L). Mikroalga memiliki densitas optis kultur lebih tinggi dibandingkan yeast. Perolehan tertinggi yield minyak dihasilkan oleh yeast yaitu sebesar 1,70 % sedangkan pada mikroalga 0,45%. Jenis mikroorganisme berpengaruh sangat nyata (≤0,01) pada yield minyak mikroorganisme yang dihasilkan.The Effect Of Isolated Types Microorganism From Mangrove Area In Banda Aceh Toward Biomass And Lipid ProductionAbstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the head pressure levels in Kirico hose towards the uniformity of water distribution as well as the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica Chinensis). The research method used was an experimental method in the form of Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a non-factorial pattern. The experiment was conducted at 3 head pressures i.e. 6 psi (T1), 9 psi (T2) and 12 psi (T3). The area of observation was 8 x 1 m2. The parameters observed were coefficient uniformity (CU), distribution uniformity (DU), plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet and dry weights. The data were analyzed by using  ANOVA at alpha 5%. Results showed that the optimal head pressure for the Kirico hose was 9 psi (T2). The averages of coefficient uniformity (CU) for each treatment were: 85.62% (T1), 89.61% (T2), and 85.73% (T3), respectively. Meanwhile, the averages of distribution uniformity (DU) for each treatment were: 77.14% (T1), 83.49% (T2), and 77.32% (T3), respectively. The optimal growth and yield of mustard green were also identified at 9psi. The averages of plant height for each treatment were: 30.85 cm (T1), 32.15 cm (T2), and 30.30 cm (T3), respectively. The number of leaves averages were: 21 (T1), 21 (T2) and 20 (T3), respectively. The root length averages were: 8.03 cm (T1), 8.06 cm (T2), and 7.93 cm (T3). The wet/dry weights were: 305.25/181,58 grams (T1), 323.75/206,15 grams (T2), and 299/186.88 grams (T3), respectively.